Longest Night Of Museums 2025

Marinemuseen im Fokus: Die Longest Night of Museums 2025 mit exklusiven Einblicken

WorldofWarships
- 18.05.25 - 09:28:41 - 44.982 - World of Warships

• Zusammenfassung
• Original

Die Longest Night of Museums 2025 bietet seltene Einblicke in die Entwicklung der Seekriegsführung. Gezeigt werden Archivfilme, Live-Gespräche mit Kuratoren und eine Debatte mit Dan Snow. Die neue Plattform Naval Museum Atlas wird vorgestellt, zusammen mit Museumskooperationen und Beiträgen von MagellanTV.

World of Warships

00:00:00

Einführung in die Longest Night of Museums 2025

00:05:48

00:05:48 Captain and Warship enthusiasts, the longest night of museums is fast approaching and this year promises an extraordinary experience. During the Second World War, naval warfare evolved with remarkable speed. New technologies, shifting tactics and rapidly changing threats reshaped the seas as nations fought for control of the oceans. From the introduction of the snorkel and advancements in anti-aircraft defenses to the shift from battleships ruling the seas and the refinement of coastal bombardment.

00:06:17 Over sechs brutale Jahre, die Warschips, die sowohl auf und unter den Wänden, wurden verletzt, ihre Rolle in der Technologie in der Relentless-Pursuit von Naval Supremacy. Die 5e Edition der Longest Night of Museums wird in den wunderschönen Evolutions in Naval Warfare bevor, during, und after World War II, und der Lasting-Impact, die kann bis heute zu erinnern werden. Ihr bekommt exclusive archivale Filme von Naval Ship Museums,

00:06:45 Live Curator Q&A Sessions, a lively debate with Dan Snow from History Hit, dedicated Twitch drops and special announcements. To celebrate the fifth anniversary of the Longest Night of Museums, we're proud to launch a brand new platform for Naval History Enthusiasts, the Naval Museum Atlas. This one-stop destination lets you explore Naval Museums around the world and stay up to date with their latest events. And for World of Warships players, exclusive perks await.

00:07:15 Join us and rediscover the legacy that still shapes the seas today.

00:07:25 Hello, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, everybody in between. Hello, my name is Bogsy. Welcome to Longest Night of the Museums, part five. Hello, Legionnaire. Hello. Hello, hello. I hear that you might be responsible for all this. Not all of it, no. No, that would be giving me boatloads too much credit. Well done. Starting off strong. Okay.

00:07:50 We put together a special kind of fifth anniversary version. We're really excited. It's a lot of work getting these put together. And so we've got a great show though. We've got a lot of really cool guests. We have some museums we've never been able to get on before. We have discussions with partners. We have really cool segments in here. Yes. What are you most excited for?

00:08:15 Not to bury the lead, but I'm going to go ahead and do what all game show hosts say and say that we may have the absolute best version of Longest Night of the Museums ever this time. And what I was trying to do was point out that a huge part of it is due to Legionnaire here for handling a lot of our production and our setup and whatnot. So I'm going to go ahead and throw a bunch of praise at him. He doesn't have to accept it. That's fine, but I'm going to do it anyway. And yes, what he is saying is correct. This is a big deal. This is the fifth iteration of Longest Night of the Museums. This is one of our standout activities each year.

00:08:44 Ja, es war der Preis. Ja, der Public Relations Award für alles. Und es ist auch, auf top of das, da haben wir gewonnen. Last Jahr, wir haben, wenn ihr euch noch mal gehört habt, war der 80er Anniversary von D-Day. Das ist richtig. Und so wir hatten eine sehr special...

00:09:11 Das war unglaublich. Wir werden das in ein bisschen mehr Info auf das in den nächsten Mal. Als Legionnaire sagte, das letzte Jahr war der 80e Anniversary von D-Day. Das Jahr ist der 80e Anniversary von D-Day. Das Jahr ist der 80e Anniversary von World War II. Vielleicht hast du gehört. World War II ist ein little-known event in der Mitte 20th Century, das hat keine Bearbeitung auf die Zukunft.

00:09:36 Es ist sicherlich nicht der ganze Grund, dass ich so viel über Naval Warfare interessiere. Es ist sicherlich nicht. Aber ich würde einen Job mit einem Spiel genannt, World of Warships. Fokussing auf Innerwar. Es ist die ganze Grund, die History Channel existiert. Es ist wahrscheinlich 50% von allen YouTube content, weil es von World of Warships gibt. Vielleicht 30% World War II jetzt und 70% Aliens. Aliens. Aliens. Wir können jetzt ein C in D für das. Ja, das ist true.

00:10:05 But Legionnaire is correct. We have some absolutely incredible stuff this time. So right out of the gate, this is a very, very long stream. It is every year, but that's partly because we're able to condense so many different guests and so much different content of such a high quality into one stream. So what that means is if you need to step away, go do something else, that's just fine. This will be saved on our Twitch channel here as a VOD.

00:10:32 You will be able to watch the entire thing and not miss it. You can watch it as your leisure. At your leisure? Watch it at your leisure. Leisure Suit Larry? Leisure Suit Larry? Leisure. Leisure. At your leisure. Although I guess when you're talking with our special guest, leisure is probably okay. We will have an actual British person on later, and they will... We'll have a real-life British person on who will end this debate of leisure versus leisure for us.

00:10:59 So we'll finally get that question settled. But more importantly, one of the things we're going to do is we're going to, throughout this stream, we're going to discuss the importance and the advancements and the paradigm shifts of naval technology and warfare in general, pre-war, during war, and post-war.

00:11:18 World War 2, that is. So, again, can I say who some of the guests are? Oh, absolutely. We want people to stick around. We don't want any of y'all to leave. We want to basically monopolize your time today because, honestly, I'm super happy with the content we've got planned this year. Yes. We've sent video teams to museums. We've dug up our archived video content from a trip Bogsy and I took to the USS Wisconsin. That was awesome.

00:11:47 We have a lot of cool stuff, so I'll let Bogsy talk about his favorite part. We're going to be talking relatively soon with the owners of a museum of a Type 9 submarine, which is very exciting. We're going to be talking later with HistoryHit.TV's own Dan Snow. I've always been a fan of their content. I've watched HistoryHit.TV content for years, and then when we finally got to partner with them, I was thrilled. I fangirled out a little bit. No big deal. We're going to have...

00:12:15 Another iteration of Frog Fathers this time. Not the first documentary. However, we may see a trailer of an upcoming documentary. Yeah, and we'll have one of the previous guests we've had from Force Blue, Gonzo. Gonzo. We talked to him last year. Yeah, I'm excited to talk to him again. I haven't talked to him, I think, since...

00:12:38 First Force Blue, because it was Rudy Reyes and Gonzo I was able to talk with. Rudy Ray and Gonzo. That's right. There's two great names, isn't it? Rudy Ray and Gonzo. So we'll be talking with, we'll be diving back into Frog Fathers. Obviously, if you guys didn't catch the Frog Fathers from last year, do yourself a favor. Look up our stream from last year and check out the interview as well as the video from.

00:13:04 So, es ist lustig, weil ich gerade kam, wie ein Battlestar Galactica? Ich würde so glücklich sein. Ich liebe Battlestar Galactica. Well... How about Battleship Galactica? Battleship Galactica. Does das machen es mehr relevant? Ich werde nicht sagen, dass wir etwas wie das planned für das Spiel haben, aber wir werden Pitten Dan Snow gegen... Kann ich sagen, Cylon?

00:13:29 No, you cannot. We might be pitting Dan Snow up against some kind of machine learning who has been told to make subversive arguments. It's owned by Universal Studios. We are not allowed to say that. We may be pitting our British person, Dan Snow, up against a...

00:13:51 An Artificial Integrity? Artificial Biz-merk? Biz-merk? Biz-merk? Biz-ma? Biz-ai-ark?

00:14:02 Hey, if I can't say Cylon, you can't say Call of Duty. He said it. He said it. He ruined it. He said it.

00:14:29 You don't say Cylon on stream and you don't say Macbeth on a stage. Legionnaire. I'm shocked. Shocked and appalled. Okay. Hello, ClydePlays. Nice to see you in chat there. All these celebrities in chat. This is fantastic. Alright, so our first guest is going to be coming up relatively soon, so we may need to play the trailer for them.

00:14:50 Not quite yet. Sorry, I'm reading the schedule here. We're going to wait for audience numbers to build. I do want to point out there are some special drops. There's a bonus code that's going to be going out during the stream. You won't know when, you just know it'll come. You hear that, Drop Goblins? Drop Goblins? Drop Goblins. Georgetown, Texas. Hello! You are literally right up the street. I think it's one free way to get there. Yeah, we're close to you.

Besondere Highlights und Museumskooperationen

00:15:18

00:15:18 Please don't come to the office. Boggs, you were talking about a lot of the high points. I'm really excited for a few big things. We try every year to get a good collection of museums into Longest Sound Museums, and it's typically very difficult. These are organizations that may not have the right knowledge on board. They may not have enough staff. They may not have what they really need to make this happen and make this participation work.

00:15:46 And we always try to do everything we can. And this year we managed to bring in like three or four I don't think we've ever had on here before. We sent our own video teams to go and record stuff so you'll see old favorites like Nick Moran, Chieftain Nick Moran, you'll see...

00:16:07 Some of the, I want to say the old favorites, I believe we've had Intrepid before, I believe we've had Midway before, and I believe we've had Cod before, but we have this year as well, Philly Seaport or Independent Seaport Museum. They have a protected cruiser that's still in the water, and it's so cool. That's so cool. They also have a Guppy refit submarine. I had Guppies when I was growing up. It's two things we've never really had on here before. It's the post-war, everything's stripped off, very modernized, diesel-electric.

00:16:37 Additionally, we have Wisconsin. That might be important because, you know, the second turret is under restoration, so keep an eye out for when that will reopen. You said turret, not turd. Turret, yes. We bought a turret. We bought a turret. With your help, actually. Some of you in chat may have helped contribute for that. Thank you very much. Can I tell a story of how that came to be? Oh, absolutely. I think it's hilarious. So, last year, not 2023, but 2024, right?

00:17:05 Ja, ja.

00:17:26 Picking up different things here and there. And some of it got used for our article on the Wisconsin. It was kind of cool. They made an interactive article. You could click on different things and see actual footage of the museum ship. While we were there, we really wanted to go inside one of the 16-inch gun turrets. And we were sort of told, well, right now we actually don't have them open. They need to be refurbished. Is that a note? Some of this refurbished. They had to also be...

00:17:51 So you've got to actually get the placards and everything up there.

00:18:00 I think the main concern was actually something I dealt with in underground construction, the hazardous environments. Right. So because of the nature of all the chemicals used to rotate and operate the turret and where they were located in literally downtown Norfolk, they had a lot of rules and regulations they had to follow from federal laws about air quality inside of the turrets. And that was the largest thing they struggled with. And so they have abatement crews in there right now.

00:18:29 They're doing a lot of cleanup. They're waiting for recertification for the atmosphere in the area. And it sounds kind of like, oh, well, why don't they just open it up? You're not in there that long. I will tell you firsthand, like you do not play around with potentially toxic environments. Underground construction is a big deal. Anytime like we send anybody basically underground, we had to have like rescue equipment for them. So something to keep in mind that it will be open eventually. We just, we don't have a final date yet.

00:18:57 And we will announce it. We might have some special goodies for people when we do announce it, but we will have, you'll see him in the video and you'll see him as a guest as well. Our friend Dave. Dave. Who led us around, took basically a full day and led us around Wisconsin and got us into all kinds of cool places. Bugsy got to interview Dave and learned very quickly that there is actually somebody out there who talks faster and more than me.

00:19:24 He's amazing. He can talk for hours about USS Wisconsin. He's funny. He was a really fun guy to hang around with for the whole day. He showed us around and we had a great time. Kat makes a very short appearance in the film as well. That's true. Kat, yeah. What's her title at Nautilus? Nauticus? Nauticus. Sorry, not Nautilus. Nauticus Museum. She's one of the marketing duo. That's right. She was wonderful.

00:19:50 He's incredible. Keith as well. We had him on the special stream when Doc Garrett's stuff was coming up for Wisconsin. But we'll have Dave. You have never seen him before, but we have seen a lot of him. Yes. So we're really excited to share him with you. Keith actually is doing Tall Ships now. Really? So he has to dress in proper colonial attire to do the Tall Ships. So maybe one of these years we'll get that in there. Additionally, though, there's two more things that I want to talk about.

00:20:19 We have two U-boats on the show for the first time, I think, ever. We have Western Approaches that has Type 9.

00:20:31 Gas issues. Ooh. Type 9 and then... You're stuck on the comment. Type 21. No, I was trying to think. It's a Type 21 out of Bermerhaven. Wilhelm Bauer. Bermerhaven? That sounds made up. Yes. So we have two...

00:20:53 Neue Underwater Museums sind sehr unterschiedlich. Sie sollten wirklich cool sein. Ich glaube, das ist das erste Mal wir hatten eine Type 9 und das erste Mal wir hatten...

00:21:09 Type 21. Why do I keep forgetting Type 21? Basically the 4501. Everybody's favorite is ever in the 4501. Everybody's favorite. An Electro Boat. I think they're super cool. I also think the Guppies are super cool. We have a really interesting collection of everything today. Additionally, we have a whole bunch of different little content from our sponsors. And I believe it's...

00:21:33 MagellanTV and History Hit did a lot to kind of come together and put together some cool content for us and join us on the stream. We'll have some Magellan clips and documentary bits in there. And then that's the way she goes. I'm excited for the what do you call it? The run-up show today? The run-up show. Whenever you're in a

00:21:59 Due to a musical or anything. The program. Oh, yeah, the program. There we go. I beat the Hollywood guy. That means we're the Overture, by the way. I beat the theater kid. I don't remember what a program was. My wife's sister, one time when she met me, she goes, so you went to theater camp or something, right? I was like, yes, I have a degree in theater from a university. She goes, oh, right, that. Theater camp.

00:22:18 So with that being said, I think we're ready for our first trailer. This is going to be a trailer for Western Approaches on the Type 9 Submarine. And once again, we'll just reiterate that we have an incredible program today. It's going to be a long, long day for everyone involved, especially Gaishu, who's running the whole thing right now. Thanks, Gaishu. He's going to be here for like 12 hours. It's going to be a long day. However, it's definitely worth it. And if you need to step away...

00:22:43 Don't worry about it. The VOD will be up on Twitch. You can watch it at your leisure, whatever you want to call it later. So for now, let's go ahead and get ready. We're going to watch our first trailer for Western Approaches and the Type 9 Submarine. And when we come back, we'll be discussing a little bit with some representatives from there.

Vorstellung des Western Approaches Museums

00:23:17

00:23:17 Ich denke ich kann. Oh, wir sind.

00:23:23 Es ist schwer zu überprüfen die Beitrag von Liverpool in der Second World War gemacht. Zwischen 1939 und 1945, die Porte von Liverpool handelte über 75 Millionen Tonnen von Cargo, und fast 5 Millionen Truppen passierte durch die Stadt auf der Weg nach der Frontline. Auf der anderen Seite des Merseys, shipbuilders in Camel Laird construierte über 100 Warships, das ist der jeweilung von einem neuen Schiff launchiert von drei Wochen.

00:23:52 Auf der anderen Seite haben sie über 2,000 verabschieden Merchants und Niederlande verabschieden. Liverpool war auch zu einem secreten Headquarter, wo der Ergebnis der Battle des Atlantik war letztendlich entschieden wurde. In der Basement des Derby House war ein top-secret Command Center, der sich die Headquarter des Westen Approaches Command befinden.

00:24:12 wo unter der Leidenschaft von Admiral Sir Percy Noble, dann später Admiral Sir Max Horton, die Royal Navy und die Royal Air Force zusammengearbeitet haben, um die Krieg zu gewinnen. In dieser Reihe von 100 Räumen, die tief unter der Derby House standen, liegt der Nerve-Center der gesamte Kampf der Atlantik-Kampagne. Diese Kampf dauerte von dem ersten bis zum letzten Tag der Krieg, und war vital für die Verbrauchung auf den Atlantik-Ocean.

00:24:39 Die Lande brauchte diese Convoys von Settbewerbs nicht nur für die Kriegung, sondern auch für die Nationen von starvation. Mit allen able-bodieden Männern in der Konflikt kämpft, es auf die Womens Royal Naval Service und die Womens Auxiliary Air Force zu ermöglichen, dass die vitalen Arbeit in der Bunker weitergegangen ist. Eating und sogar sleeping underground während der 12-hours shifts war gruehling.

00:25:05 Women comprised 80% of the bunkers' workforce, and no job was considered too important to be done by the Wrens and the WAFs. The building was also home to the Western Approaches Tactical Unit. Established in 1942 by Captain Gilbert Roberts, Wattu studied U-boat attacks and developed highly effective countermeasures for escort commanders to adopt. Young but highly capable and intelligent Wrens largely staffed Wattu.

00:25:32 Their work became so important that all naval captains were required to undertake six days of training under the watchful eyes of these women. These women commanded the respect of all who saw the impact their work was having. Thanks to the Official Secrets Act, the building was sealed off in 1945 and largely forgotten about until it was rediscovered in the early 1990s. The Battle of the Atlantic was won at a cost.

00:25:58 Über 70,000 Mitglieder der Armee und über 30,000 Merchant Seamen verloren ihre Leben. Aber ohne die Arbeit der Westen Approaches, diese Figuren würden viel höher sein, und die Battle der Atlantik hätte ein völlig anderes Ergebnis. Heute, Westen Approaches welcomes visitors aus der Welt, um mehr über die Rolle der Westen Approaches und die Stadt Liverpool in der Krieg spielen.

00:26:23 It is also a place to remember and honour those that gave everything to keep Britain and the world free from Nazi tyranny.

00:26:34 Hi, I'm Emily and I'm going to be showing you around Western Approaches. I'm going to take you on a bit of a tour and give you some insight into what happened here during the Battle of the Atlantic. Located in the centre of Liverpool, customers will go 25 feet underground to explore 30,000 square feet of World War II bunker. It was here where the Battle of the Atlantic was won and fought.

00:26:55 The first area customers will walk into is our Street Scene Dock Lane, a reconstructed WWII street featuring shopfronts, hopscotch and even rations used during WWII. Like our grocery store where you'll find products that were used during rationing and even find brands that are still in use today. In our Street Scene you'll find that we actually have a real WWII bomb that was dropped during the Christmas Blitz of 1940.

00:27:19 Ihr dann in unsere Recruitment Room ist eine Replica der Recruitment Halls, die sich in der Second World War befindet, um Frauen zu joinen, all die verschiedenen Servicesen, including die Royal Navy, die RAF und die Women's Army. Unsere größte Erinnerung ist das, unsere Teleprinter Room, die in 2020 wurde von accident. Jeder, die hier gearbeitet hat, hatte die Official Secrets Act, meaning sie nicht allowed zu lassen, was sie hier waren. Das bringt uns in unsere Switchboard Room.

00:27:47 Now, during the war, 30 million massagers came into this building and everyone only had 15 minutes to solve it. And yes, this is the real equipment. Next door to our switchboard room, we have our radio room, where you can have a go at Morse code and see if you'd be a master codebreaker during the Second World War. Following the arrows, customers will traverse through corridors and rooms, all that were functional during the Battle of the Atlantic. Our Chief of Staff's office is basically the HR that they'd have in the bunker.

00:28:16 Das ist die erste Bedeutung, die wir sehen, auf unserer Tour sehen. Jetzt, während der Battle des Atlantik war, es wurde estimated, dass ein paar hundert Leute hier gearbeitet haben, und es gab nicht viel Raum in die Lieblingsquartigkeit. Das bedeutet, dass die Leute hier gearbeitet haben, eine Person aus der Bedeutung, die nächste Person aus der Bedeutung, und so weiter und so weiter. Soap war also rationed, so es war nicht so clean.

00:28:40 Spanning over two storeys, our Operations Room is left exactly as it was during the Second World War. Featuring real strategies for convoys, U-boats, damaged ships, and even the weather. And it's here, the jewel in our crown, the Operations Room. It was here where hundreds of people worked at a time to plot and ultimately win the Battle of the Atlantic. Overlooking the Operations Room is the Admiral's Office, which you'll get to later on in the tour.

00:29:08 Mit der Wesson Approche ist, dass wir uns auf ein sehr Interaktiv und Hands-On-Museum haben, um die Leute zu benutzen, haben sie einen Hopscotch, und sogar reale Wettbewerb von der Second World War. Und natürlich, um sich in Uniform zu tun. Was ich noch nicht erwähnt ist, ist, dass ein Mitglied des Museums, ein Mitgliedsstaat wird, oder ein Entry Permitt, das ist eine Replica von dem du in die Beziehung hast du in die Beziehung während der Krieg.

00:29:33 Und auf der Seite, für ein bisschen Spaß, gibt es vier Stamps zu finden, als man sich um den Museum befindet. Die Stamps sind nur hier. Und das ist, die Stamps sind hier. Und nein, ich werde nicht zeigen, wo sie sind. Eine der finalen Räumen ist unser Admirals Office. In der Second World War haben wir zwei Admirals, Percy Noble und Max Horten. Mit einem Blick über die Operations Room, Max Horten slept hier, in order zu erinnern, dass er dort jeden Moment der Battle des Atlantik war.

00:30:02 Finally, you'll get to our Wrens Museum.

00:30:27 die Opened by Princess Anne auf 26 May 2023. Das Museum zeigt die Geschichte und Geschichte der Wrens, die Wemens Royal Naval Service, von 1910 bis 1990s.

00:30:41 We feel incredibly lucky to have this museum as part of Western Approaches, as it's the only museum solely dedicated to these incredible women. We feel incredibly blessed to have such an extensive archive, full of items people have lovingly donated to us, in order to tell stories of those who are unable to. Before you leave, you'll be greeted by our Tea Room, an area where you're able to get yourself a cup of tea, watch a film, and even have a go at Uckers if you're able to.

00:31:06 And that brings us on to the final thing you'll see in the museum, the Enigma machine. The device was recovered from U534 and is one of only 300 still existing today. Thank you very much for joining me and I hope you've enjoyed this sneak peek at Western Approaches. Thank you so much for watching. Bye bye. Okay, what game was that on the board there at the very end?

00:31:34 You don't know. I don't know. She didn't say. I was looking at that game like, what? What is that? It looked like fun. I'm more enamored by the fact they actually have the Enigma machine. I know. They have a real Enigma machine at this museum. That's insane. Yeah. I think that's incredible. I know we didn't get a chance to hear too much about the Type 9. We will be talking with one of the representatives from the museum. But until then, we've got to figure out.

00:32:03 Bogsy. Yes. As I struggle to get this out, you have an option. You can get a boat or you can get a mystery box. Yeah. Folks, when you guys... Let's see if it'll actually... Do I have this streamer thing and put my hands behind it? When you guys see us do a giveaway, do you generally prefer that it be a ship container of a tier or a specific ship from that tier? Because the best part about it is that, you know...

00:32:31 We could give you guys like a Jean Bart, for example, or we could give you a Tier IX ship container. Because the Tier IX ship container could be anything. It could even be a Jean Bart, which is amazing. And all this is to say that we have some giveaways for you throughout the stream. And right now, I think what we're going to do, I'm not sure exactly how we're going to give it away. So don't freak out in the chat just yet. But yes, I believe we have a Tier IX ship container. Is that correct? Yes. Yeah, we have. I'll go ahead and read it here.

00:32:57 Premium ship tier 9 container, 30 days premium, 1 slot. And like, this is a... I know, it's like an Amex Black. A metal bonus code card. I mean, this is like pretty high speed. Whatever you do, don't flip that thing around against the camera. What? Don't flick that at me. You're going to put my eyes out. I have a child now, she needs both eyes. I mean, Silver Lining, stay at home parent.

00:33:24 That's very true. That would be Workman's Comp for the rest of my life. But yeah, like I said, we've got a few giveaways. We've got this one Tier IX container that somebody will get. And you know what? I think we probably can even, if you are North America, Canada, EU, probably send this to you. Send it to you directly. If you're not, we could... We'll have to send you just the code. We'll just send you the code. And then we'll...

00:33:49 Selecard is lightly used on e-mail. Dear Gaishu, how should we best go about giving out this... Pick a keyword, perhaps. Let's pick a keyword, and then Gaishu's going to activate Nightbot. So... Okay. Then let's go ahead and pick a keyword. I think it should be L-N-O-M 25. What do you think? 25? I don't know. It's an enigma to me. Ooh. Okay. Maybe enigma.

00:34:17 Let's do that, guys. Let's do enigma as a keyword. Folks, all you have to do is write that into the chat here. Give it like 10 seconds so, guys, you can put it in. You're all typing ship. This is wrong. Enigma. There you go. Oh, no. Still ship. Listen, if you type in ship, you're not getting ship. You're not getting ship, yeah. But...

00:34:38 Geishu informed us that we have our first guest ready, is that correct? Yeah! Okay, so these are gonna be, this is gonna be our rep from the Western Approaches Museum. Oh, I can hear myself.

00:34:51 Oh, it's because I got the stream going. Yikes. What a ding dong I am. Okay. Legionnaire, you're out for this one. Yes. Okay, great. So here we go. I will rejoin you all when Dan Snow comes on. Until then, enjoy the comedy stylings of Boxy. Until then, Legionnaire is going to be relegated to the poop deck. All right. So our first guest from Western Approaches, we're going to do a little Q&A, is going to be Dean Patton. Let's see when we get Dean here.

00:35:20 Ask him about leisure. I have him on stream whenever you're ready. Yeah, whenever. Bring him on over here. I haven't said hello to Dean yet, so we're going to have to do our introductions. Oh, are we not getting his video? I have his video. Oh, you do have video. Okay. There we go. Amazing. Rejoice. Dean, hello. My name is Joey. The community knows me as something else, but my name is Joey. It's a pleasure to have you here.

Q&A mit Dean Patton vom Western Approaches Museum

00:35:48

00:35:48 Yes, you sound fantastic. And I love your background as well. That's right. Yeah, I was just noticing that. So thank you very much for sending that video to us. That was a lot of fun. Specifically, it's always great seeing these rooms that when you see them, you go, that was used for clandestine activity in World War II. Joey, I've got two people in my headphones here at the moment. Can you hear me? Yes, I do. Are you perhaps hearing an echo of me?

00:36:19 Uh-oh. He can hear me. Okay. Well, that's good. Are you still able to hear me, Dan? Dean? Sorry. Yeah, he can. Okay. That's good. So then I guess we saw a little bit about the museum itself in the video there. Most importantly, you folks have an Enigma machine, which is amazing. Guys, I'm so sorry. I've got two people asking me questions in my headphones.

00:36:50 I don't think there's anybody else on this call. Geishu, is there somebody? I've got Bogsy in one ear and someone else in the other. Is he hearing an echo? I'm not sure. I think he's hearing an echo of me. Oh, okay. Sorry, folks. We're going to figure this out. I think he's hearing an echo of me for some reason. So we're going to take just a second.

00:37:19 Is he maybe hearing Legionnaire's mic? He should be. Yes, hello. So are you hearing by any chance an echo of me? I don't think he can hear me. Yes, can you hear me, Dean? That's okay. So are you maybe hearing an echo of me?

00:37:49 Okay, I see what you're saying. That's just fine. So as long as you can hear me now. Yeah, oh good. Apologies. No, no, no, that's quite all right. So sorry, to get back to the beginning there, the museum is amazing. It has that, it absolutely screams clandestine activity, which is I think what most of us want from a museum. So you folks have an Enigma machine there, which is incredible. Enigma, absolutely critical to the war in the Atlantic. But you folks obviously,

00:38:18 The Type 9 is the big deal. So what other things about Western Approaches is unique to you guys? What makes your museum unique? So Western Approaches was the command center for the Battle of the Atlantic from 1941 onwards.

00:38:37 Es war eigentlich eigentlich gebaut für ein Masonic Tempel, glaube ich es oder nicht, und es wurde dann quietly übergebracht, als die Bildung wurde gebaut, durch die Admiralte, mit Stil und Concrete, und dann wurde es in einem Bunker geworden. Es wurde dann die Nerve-Center für jede Konvoi über die Atlantik, 50,000 Quadratmeter.

00:39:04 1,000 staff, mostly women, really intelligent, young wrens. And to say, if you were to pick a room where the Second World War really pivoted into victory, you could say the Admiralty or maybe decisions made at the White House, but we would say Western Approaches is probably the most pivotal decision-making building in terms of the outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic and then from then on the Second World War.

00:39:32 Und dann das Room, als es in der Video gesagt wurde, das Room war essentially durch die Wartime Secrets Act. Ja, die Official Secrets Act. Das war unglaublich, weil man den Official Secrets Act hatte, und da war eine Wren auf der Isle of Wight, die still alive, die noch nicht zu reden, um uns über die Zeit zu sprechen.

00:39:58 ...during the war, because she signed the Official Secrets Act, even though the Navy have written to her to say that she's kind of relinquished from such duty. But thus is the reason why we probably won the war with the attitude of amazing women like that. Okay, I just gotta say, that's an incredible story. Thank you for sharing that anecdote, because...

00:40:14 Das heißt Integrity, Ladies and Gentlemen. Absolutely. Wenn die Regierung sagt, es ist wirklich gut, Sie können darüber sprechen. Sie ist 90-something Jahre alt und sagt, das ist was die Enemy würde sagen. Das ist was die Enemy würde sagen. Ja, das ist cool. Ich fühle mich das ist ein Dying Breed. Das ist einfach nicht mehr. Das ist die Special Generation, nicht wahr? Das ist die Mission. Ja, das ist amazing. Danke für das.

00:40:42 There's an Enigma machine there, which is... I don't know if there's a single piece of, like, if there's a typewriter-sized item that has had such a significant impact on a battle like that than the Enigma machine, but are there any other signature items that stand out for visitors to experience there at the museum? So, um...

00:41:04 The reason we have an Inigma, we have two axes that we took over custodianship of U534, which is the Type 9C you can kind of see in the background, which is just 10 minutes away from Western Approaches and we're building a brand new Battle of the Atlantic Centre Museum and the reinterpretation of U534, which will be open next year. But in terms of Western Approaches, we have got some objects, I think symbolically just to say so much so.

00:41:32 Johnny Walker ist wahrscheinlich einer von Briten's größten Nebel-Heroen. Es gibt eine Stattung auf dem Leverpool-Waterfront, und er hat dieses Patchwork Leather Jacket, und er hat es auf der Brücke von jeder Mission, und er hat mehr U-Boats als einen anderen Allied-Captain. Und er hat seine Mutter gefunden, das in der Loft ein paar Jahre lang, und er hat gesagt, wir haben das gefunden, würden Sie es gefallen? Und er hat gesagt, oh mein Gott, außer dem Nelson's Jacket, das ist wahrscheinlich die größte Symbolik.

00:41:59 Jackets in Naval History. Sure, yeah, yeah. And we also have, talking about typewriter-sized objects, we actually have the very typewriter that Nicolas Montserrat wrote The Cruel Sea on, which is probably the most famous book written about the Battle of the Atlantic, and the Montserrat family donated that. Still got a shed of...

00:42:22 Blank paper inside it that we're going to have on display in the new museum. And we've also got Admiral Sir Max Horton, who was the Commander-in-Chief of Western Approaches. He didn't have children, but his niece, who is now elderly herself, was moving house and found his...

00:42:43 Das ist fantastisch. Es ist wirklich etwas über Museums, dass man nicht von, you know, you can't get online, which is, even from an amazing documentary, or an amazing 3D tour, which is, you can see an item that

00:43:08 was a was there was a part of history and and it's funny the value i remember watching a debate online about how do you determine the value of something like that of you know and it's the value rests entirely on the feeling that you get when you see it when you're around it um which is it's it's so unique the fact that you know i'll just make up an example like

00:43:28 If they have a cigar that was chomped on and discarded by Winston Churchill, what's the value of that? Well, it depends on how it makes you feel when you see it, how you connect with the history. So to hear all these cool items that you folks have. It's authenticity. I think you've just hit the nail on the head. And for us at West Approaches, it's the very walls and it's the floor that people walk on and the sound of your feet as you kind of, you know.

00:43:55 Es echos und reverberates über die Rune, die gleiche als wenn Churchill oder Johnny Walker war da. Und die Dampen aus dem Dampen leaks. Und wir können das aufbauen, aber es ist ein Teil der Gefühl. Es gab 300 Leute an der Zeit, die da waren, wahrscheinlich smoking, sweaty, tired, hot und einfach walking around.

00:44:14 Right, right. Tight-packed corridors, which open up to this incredible operations room, which probably could now all be done on an iPad. You can't fabricate that, so you can keep your AI and your copies of stuff. There's just something real about the smells and the sights and the sounds. That's a great point.

00:44:34 That's a great point that Dean makes, folks, which is that that's another thing that you cannot get without going to a museum, being in the brick and mortar, actually experiencing it for yourself is the smell. And smell is one of the critical aspects of memory recall. So I recently myself was in I was in Belgrade and I got to see.

00:44:55 ...de fort that was built there into the ground to basically overwatch the river forking. And it's just old. It's old and it's got history and you can just smell it. And they all smell different. They all smell unique. So...

00:45:09 Das ist definitiv etwas, was man kann nicht ohne zu gehen und zu den Museum zu erleben. Ja, absolut. Das ist eine perfekte Segway. Was ist das, was du und die Organisation der Organisation da, würde die Museums-Visitors auswählen, aus dem Museum zu nehmen? So, Weston Approaches, für uns 80% der Mitarbeiter.

00:45:29 waren Frauen und sie waren alle Universitäts-Mathematicern oder Geografer und die Mitglieder aus der See, so sie sahen, dass sie sich um diese Gapen mit Frauen zu erfüllen.

00:45:44 Was das gemacht hat, und es gab viele Studien rund um es, wie Frauen und Männern, sie sind unterschiedlich, und was es gab uns eine andere Art von denken, um Taktik zu denken, und so die Wester Approaches Tactical Unit wurde als ein U-Boat, ein Antiswimmering-Gaming-War-Gaming-School.

00:46:05 Ich glaube, es war sehr, sehr, sehr, sehr wichtig.

00:46:32 Max Horton hat sich gesagt, dass es sonst nicht passiert. Das ist ein großes Geheimnis für uns. Nach dem Ende der Krieg haben sie keine Medals bekommen. Sie waren ganz ruhig, zurück zu sein Hauswives oder Mums. Das ist ein großes Geheimnis für uns, um das zu erkennen.

00:46:45 ...female contributions to the Battle of the Atlantic. Sure, that's an excellent point. And it's not even... I mean, it's amazing to hear the specifics of the Western Approaches Museum and to hear what the ladies contributed specifically to the Battle of the Atlantic. But you make a great point, because even more broadly speaking, World War II was one of the first times, I would say, at least in the Western world, where...

00:47:06 Women joined the workforce en masse, due to the fact that so many men were pressed into military service. Not every man, of course, was an actual combat unit, but as many of you probably know, when pressed into military service, fewer people fight in combat than are part of the logistics, part of the economic part of military service. So World War II was a huge part of putting women in the workforce, which generally changed, I would say, changed Western culture.

00:47:34 Irreversibly towards towards what we what we have now. Yeah, so it's really interesting to see how it worked for you folks. Certainly in the UK and I know it's the same in America where women kind of came to the forefront and you know it was a case of you know you can't put it back in the box. The genie can't be put in the box. They proved that they could you know do their thing at the same level.

00:47:56 so die Idee von Frauen zu gehen und zu werden, war ein großer turning point. Ich hatte eine sehr gute Gespräche dieses Woche mit den USA-Navy-Museum über die Rolle des Waves, und es ist wirklich interessant, um die Parallels zu sehen, was die Waves und was die Wrens waren, und was die Wrens waren, und wie das wirklich geholfen hat, um Frauen's Rights und wirklich showcasing, dass Frauen zu stecken auf die Platte.

00:48:25 Before we move on to some specific questions about the U-534, one little anecdote about that, too. I remember I read a great book called A Higher Call about military aviation in World War II. It's a very specific story, but there's a small section of it where they specifically, and I can't remember the name of the group of women that did this, but it was actually a group of women who were tasked with flying.

00:48:47 Bombers and planes in general from the factories over to essentially where they get staged and set up for their crews. And there's a term for them, someone in chat may know, but women contributed militarily and economically in ways that people don't really realize. Wasps, yes, Luca in chat, wasps, thank you.

00:49:07 Um, it's, uh, these things are so fascinating to find out and just go, oh, I had no idea that that was a thing, but it's really important to remember. I don't know if you know, um, the, the New York Jets, their owner Woody Johnson was the US ambassador to the UK. His name is not Woody Johnson.

00:49:22 His name's Woody Johnson, but his mother Betty Wold Johnson was in the Waves and she actually trained US pilots to fly planes as a woman as part of the Waves. Is that right? Yeah, she's honored in part of our museum. It's a great story, but women were actually training young new pilots because on kind of prototype simulators and everything else. They weren't just kind of doing the admin jobs. They were the best of the best. Yeah.

Geschichte und Bedeutung von U-534

00:49:51

00:49:51 That's fantastic. I would be remiss if we didn't move on to specifically talk about U-534. The things you're talking about are just so interesting that I want to digress every time you say something. So could we ask you real quick for a short history of the U-534 and then maybe also where did it serve specifically? Yeah, so U-534 was laid down in 1942 as Type 9C U-Boat and

00:50:18 Es war primär als eine Wettbewerber- und-reportung-Ship in den Baltik, in den Nordatlantik. Es war die letzte U-Boot zu verlassen, dann in Norwegen, in den Denmark. Und dann wurde es auf May 5 in der Kattegathe, wenn alle U-Booten gefordert waren, und es war schockt. Es versucht zu escape.

00:50:47 Es war dann, um, ein Liberator-Bomber, mit einem Depth-Charge, die in den Wintergarten getötet wurde, aber dann der zweite Depth-Charge schickte die Böse, die die erste Depth-Charge schickte, die das erste Depth-Charge krippelte das Hull. Das ist wirklich schütte. Ja, wirklich. Aber all die Crew escape.

00:51:12 Three died on the surface, but no one was left on board. So it was sunk in the Kattegat and then rediscovered in the late 80s. And there's a real mystery about why it refused to surrender and what it was trying to do. Right. So it was raised in the 1990s, funded by a wealthy Danish benefactor. And I think the assumption was it was full of, well, it's gone from gold.

00:51:35 Gold, to the Spear of Destiny, to Adolf Hitler, to all sorts of conspiracy theories. Hitler's mummified remains. Well, when we signed over the kind of ownership, if you like, there was a waiver that we had to save. We found any...

00:51:52 precious metals that we had to kind of hand them back in and report that was like yeah okay we'll do that um but i think i think we've got to the bottom of it uh we're close to getting to the bottom of of what it was there we've got a really really great partnership with the team from u995 in labo who are just the world's experts as far as i'm concerned and they've been over what we have which is quite quite exclusive really is when we were given

00:52:19 von der U-Boat, es gab einen unglaublichen Archiven, die sich völlig verletzten und verletzten. Die Danish, wenn sie es, sie verletzten, diese Papierwerke haben, aber sie haben nicht wirklich durchgeführt. Wir haben, ohne eine Frage, die Welt's beste U-Boat Archive, die sich un-wacht und un-discovered hat, seitdem es 50 Jahre alt war. Es war wie ein Pompei.

00:52:46 in der Silt. Wir haben Dinge, die Leute gar nicht wissen, dass sie existieren. In der nächsten Woche haben wir Bücher vor mir. Aaron Hamilton ist ein U-Boat-Specialist, weil die technologie U-Boat-Teknologien begonnen hat, und sie waren so weit entfernt, dass die Amerikaner und die Britannien und die Amerikaner und die Amerikaner waren, die diese technologie U-Boat-Teknologien auf der Stealth-Teknologien

00:53:14 viel später. In fact, es gibt noch einige Klassifte in der US-Navy Archive, die noch Klassifte sind, relating zu New Boat Stealthpaint. Und wir haben das Klassifte über ein Wochenende, die Klassifte sind, wir haben wahrscheinlich zwei Kopies. Wir haben also auch ein neues Klassifte. Das ist alles neue Sachen. Es ist nur sehr, sehr recently rediscovered. Wir haben nur diese Treasurer-Trofe.

00:53:44 Tens and tens of thousands of pounds into getting it digitized, getting the U-Boat back into condition where people can come in and visit as part of the new Battle of the Atlantic Museum. So if you go to battleoftheatlantic.org, you'll see some kind of coming soon information. But we think it's going to be the best kind of display and understanding of certainly late U-Boat technology anywhere in the world once we open next year.

00:54:12 Battleoftheatlantic.org, is that what you said it was? That's it. Okay, great. Bookmark that, folks. Also, I'm shocked that you would insinuate that Americans would attempt to pilfer Germans or German technology towards the end of the war. I'm going to file that away with a lot of paperclips. Never happened. Never happened. This is all fake news. But yeah, that's...

00:54:34 Das ist wirklich interessant zu hören, dass das was sie waren, und vielleicht wir waren auf das auch. Das ist ein sehr guter Segway. Du bist so gut an diese Segway für mich. Ich möchte eine Transition zwischen den Type 7 Submarinen und den Type 9 Submarinen, weil ich vielleicht vielleicht nicht wissen, was die meisten...

00:54:56 was, was its capabilities were, and then what the Type 9 changed, what the significance of the Type 9 was. So, do you mind giving us just a little overview of the difference between the 7 and the 9? I would love to, but I'm an archaeologist and I am not a E-Mote Specialist, so I could say all sorts of waffle and embarrass myself in front of your viewers who are probably far more of an expert. No, no, that's okay.

00:55:23 Wenn du mir Fragen auf Late Anglo-Saxon, Pottery und Archeologie, das ist wo meine Akademik ist, aber ich bin Museum Director.

00:55:34 kook chief bottle washer not not the ubo specialist so you've threw me a curveball that's quite all right that's quite all right i actually know a little bit about it um i'm one of those i'm sure you do i'm one of those men of many mediocre talents so i know a little bit about a lot of things so i know next time i'm asked yes uh chat here's here's the trick by the way dean about if you are ever in a live stream you have literally a uh a lifeline at any time which you called the chat so we can uh defer to chat

00:56:03 As I understand it, the Type 7 was the most numerous type of U-boat made by the Germans. It was diesel powered. It had a range that was basically out in the middle of the Atlantic for the most part. They could go and operate there and they would be sometimes refueled by supply ships and whatnot. But the Type 7 was the most common. It was the one that took part in most of the battles. The Type 9 was a...

00:56:24 Es gibt eine digression von das, weil sie specifically waren, was sie wollten ein Boot, das war zu bleiben, mit weiterer Rang zu können, und be able zu erreichen, die West- oder East Coast, der United States, um, zu preen auf shippingen. Wenn man die East Coast, uh, mit, you know, mit, essentially, mit sinken, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann, dann,

00:56:54 by Germany for that purpose is to extend the total threat area that the U-boats had in the Atlantic. And we'll have to see if... Yeah, there it is. Okay, someone in the chat is confirming that's all I need is one affirmation to make me feel good about it. I do know we have quite advanced snorkel technology on our Type 9C and the...

00:57:20 Die Vorteile und die Technologie des Snorkels war immer noch in den 1960s, als die Briten begonnen hat. Ich weiß, dass die Größe von Type 3 zu dem Snorkel war viel weiter, obwohl, interessanterweise, es gab eine historische Analyse, um die Crews aus der Type 9s zu sehen, wie sie denken, dass die Levels von Carbon Monoxide...

00:57:45 Es war viel höher und viel länger, und es war viel mehr für viele Menschen, weil viele Menschen mit einem Schmerzen zu haben. Es ist noch sehr fresh. Ich sage nur, ich werde das Buch wieder plugieren, weil es in front of mich ist. Total Undersea War, Aaron Hamilton. Es ist sehr interessant, die Rolle mit der Snorkel in den U-Boat-Fleet 44-45. Ihr wird wahrscheinlich sehr glücklich sein. Rolle mit der Snorkel, ich liebe es.

00:58:14 Okay, well then, let's see here. Since you have the museum, you actually are there at the museum, I'm also curious about the Type 9. When you've got to go in and actually take a look and see it, are there any pieces, not technology, but any maybe sort of just, let's call it, hospitality pieces that sort of surprised you or made you chuckle? Okay, good, you know what I'm talking about.

Fund von Kondomen auf U-Boot und weitere ungewöhnliche Funde

00:58:43

00:58:43 So, 500 condoms. I didn't expect that, man. I don't know if it was an LGBT party sub, but there's 500 condoms. Apparently, they were given out to men when they went back to shore to prevent STDs coming back on. One of the reasons why we think...

00:59:05 das U534 war in Argentinien eigentlich und wahrscheinlich mit einem höher-rankten Nazis auf. Es war ein Nord-Atlantik-weather-reporting sub, mit Tropical Uniform. Es hat hunderte bottles von Champagne und Bordeaux. Es hat silver-plated Cocktail Shakers, Reams of Silk. Diese sind nicht normal.

00:59:31 Die Sundries gehen an, die ein Patrol U-Boat sind. Die Radio Operatorin war Argentinian-born. Wir sind jetzt schon sicher, dass wir die U-534 war, um zu Argentina zu gehen. Es gab ein Prototyped Torpedos, T2 Echolocation Torpedos.

00:59:56 die Technologie zu vermeiden, um die Hand zu verbreiten, oder zu verbreiten, um Axis-Powers zu verbreiten. Aber wir sind ziemlich sicher, dass die Luxurie, wenn du so, auf Board U 5.3.4 war eine sehr...

01:00:12 Special cargo, we think, fit fairly high-ranking Nazis. I would say that if you're going anywhere with prototype torpedoes, the most important thing is to have protection, hence the 500 prophylactics. So thank you for that. They're all there in a box. I'll give you one as a gift if you ever come over. No!

01:00:29 Oh, no, this is not real. We're in fantasyland now. That's absolutely true. I don't know why else. As a museum professional, what do you do? How to display 500 wrapped up condoms wrapped in paper? You make a tree out of them. I don't know. That's hilarious, man. Thank you. So in previous Longest Nights at the Museum, we've had pretty funny things where like...

01:00:54 I don't know how it started, but there became this meme of a toaster on a specific ship. I think it was a British ship. And they were like, and here's the toaster. The toaster is capable of producing. The guy very seriously was talking about how much toast this toaster could make. And it was just so serious that it became this meme. And we added something in game. We added a flag, essentially like Her Majesty's Royal Toaster. So the 500 Nazi condoms now. I'm not sure how we're going to make that work.

01:01:22 That is something that will stick around for a while. That's got to be a bonus for players. We also have a wooden car dash on them with wheels instead of legs. Oh, really? I got to get a picture of that later. That's hilarious. I'll send that across. Absolutely. Your first 20 gamers who come into Western Approaches, I'll ensure they get a Nazi condom to take out with them. Guys, it's like...

01:01:48 Eighty years old, okay? Just keep that in mind. We don't want to be responsible for any little shipmates that arrive, okay? There's enough semen in the... Oh, my God. I don't know if you can tell on my voice, but I very carefully dodged that reference, but I'm glad that you did it because I can't get in trouble. I'm merely a host here. Anyway, Dean, we're coming towards the end of our segment here, but this has been absolutely amazing. What a wonderful way to begin such a long stream.

01:02:17 Great interviewee, thank you. You should do more of these because you did a great job.

01:02:21 I must admit, just slightly historically, so I'm an Everton Football Club fan, and it's the last game today of 140 years of games at Goodison Park. So if I sound slightly merry, it's because I've been there since 12 o'clock this afternoon and managed to make it back. So I do apologise for my own professionality and not wearing my U-Boat T-shirt instead of an Everton one, but it's been a pleasure speaking to you. Not at all. It was wonderful. You did a great job. Thank you so much for giving us your time. And folks, Western Approaches Museum, if you...

01:02:51 Okay, man. Legionnaire is not here to do side seat commentary with me anymore because otherwise we would just absolutely riff on Nazi condoms. That one's going to stick around for a while. Oh, Lord have mercy. Okay, so.

01:03:17 Let's see here. It is noon o'clock in Austin, Texas. Our next guest is going to be from the Wilhelm... Wilhelm? Wilhelm Bauer. Oh my god. A wild Legionnaire. Yes, but we do have a good video from them. So we've got a lot of clips. It'll be probably everybody's first look inside of Real Type 21. Do we need to go to it now or can we chat for a little bit? We can actually chat for a little bit. Okay. Because everybody remembers.

01:03:44 Yes, we may or may not have, but definitely do have a Type 9. See what I did there? A Type 9 container? A Type 9 ship container. Ooh, you did a winner. We already pulled it? We got a winner. Okay, we have a winner. We're going to announce it, and then guys, you don't show that code on the camera. Camera is forever. It's actually covered.

01:04:08 It's cool, you guys. It has weight. It's like a gold credit card or a black credit card. You can... Alright, give that to Geischer so he can pull the winners so we can talk about Western approaches.

01:04:22 By the way, I don't know if you guys have seen Geishu's hair, but it's glorious now. It's luxurious, it's flowy, it's dreamy. Dreamy is the way I'd put it. We all know I saw the best haircut in the house. You do, no question. We're all just trying to keep up with you, man. Legionnaire has actually trained his hair to grow down instead of us. It was a great migration. From the Midwest down to Texas, I was like, oh no, it's way too hot here, and it all went on to my face.

01:04:51 Das ist, dass ich es da für später ist. Ich habe es in 2002, 2000, 2003 oder so. Before going to Iraq the first time. Ist das richtig? Und dann einfach nicht mehr zurückgekehrt. Keep that in mind, gents. Es ist alles gut, man. Ich habe die French haircut, weil meine hairline ist in full retreat. Sorry, Tannatoy, ich weiß, dass du in Chat bist. Ich weiß, du bist ein Freund. Es ist einfach ein Joke. Wir lieben.

01:05:20 Now we need to see guys. She was there soon. Wait, no, hold on. No, what's your excuse? You should have been able to see it Wednesday. Hmm.

01:05:29 What were you doing Wednesday? He was here. No, Gaishu was, your Russian comrade. I said, now we need to see Gaishu's hair. He's like, you should have on Wednesday. On Wednesday, true. Okay, so about Western Approaches in the museum, I was fascinated to see the contribution that women made during that. It was great just to see that entire team.

01:05:51 It reminds me of other stories, like someone in chat reminded me of the Wasps who flew bombers from the factories to the airfields where they get outfitted and crewed. They pulled like a target, the aerial targets and everything too. Yes. So like they were, they were getting shot. You missed it. We had a friend of mine, Sarah Deal. She was the first aviator. I remember you talking about that. First female aviator through the naval.

01:06:15 First female Marine Aviator. That was pretty cool. Man, everybody just spamming Enigma still, but poor Auto Mods about to just gain sentience and duke everybody. Guys, do us a favor. Stop saying Enigma, because you already pulled the winner. I also saw Canuck in there. Yeah, I mean, but the cool thing is I don't have to do a Bogsy-style combo. I can actually just take this, and eventually I'll just... I'm almost there. I'm almost to the point I can start creating a hairline. You don't have to.

01:06:44 We're getting there. A few more years. Further. Anyway. I don't know how to react to a box of 500 Nazi condoms. It worries me that he's giving them away. That worries me slightly. Maybe there's a different... You have to have some kind of legal disclaimer. Do not use. It bothers me that you might have to say that. I would love it if...

01:07:12 Sie capturen die U-Boat und dann, ich weiß es nicht wirklich, sie capturen die U-Boat und sie finden das und sie asken die Captain, was genau diese sind für? Und er sagt, das ist für ein Loch in die Boat. Oh ja, das ist eine super-logical German response. Ja, das ist für ein Loch in die Boat. Silly. Silly. Okay. Ja, ja. Next up, though, ist Wilhelm Bauer. Oh, wir haben die Video für es. A lucky person, whoever won das Tier IX Code. Wir haben zwei mehr.

01:07:39 We do. To give away. For the rest of the stream, not now. And they're special ones. Should we say what they are? Nah. I think we should, because otherwise, what are people going to want to stick around for? Uh...

01:07:53 We have two very special tier 9 ships that you cannot get in the game outside of Santa containers. So throughout this very long stream we will give out those items and they come on those nice fancy thick metallic cards that we can actually ship to you. I just turned my neck too fast. I keep forgetting I was in a car accident like a week. Legionnaire is basically the six million dollar man except they said we can probably...

01:08:19 We probably have the technology to fix you. No, no, no. That was way over budget. Army looked at me in 2003 after I got hit by an RPG. They're like, you know, we have some tools to repair them. So I'm the $6 man. The $60 man. We got run over by a Ford F-250 Super Duty who wasn't paying attention last Friday. I'm not feeling so great. Well, at least this time it was American made, right?

01:08:48 Sorry, I never know how far the jokes can go with him. Our relationship is one of playful teasing. Hence the comments about my hairline. But I'm always afraid I'm going to step over the line. So, anyway. There's no line there. Sorry, we have a video to watch, right? Yes, yeah. Wilhelm Bauer. Everybody can giddy up. Take a look.

01:09:17 Vielen Dank.

Vorstellung des U-Boot-Typs 21 und seiner technischen Eigenschaften

01:09:25

01:09:25 Nach dem Atlantik war es klar, dass Deutschland eine neue Submarine braucht. Sie fokussed auf eine Submarine mit höherer speeder Unterwärter, mit einem viel schneller Unterwärter und mit einem viel schneller Torpedo-Loading-System. Die Type 21 war die erste Real Submarine, weil es eine viel größere Batterie hat als all Types vorher.

01:09:52 Due to the change of the hull design, which was close to a teardrop, it was able to move two and a half times faster underwater than everything else. The operational depth was changed from 100 to 200 meters. They also invented a hydraulic snorkel, which could be raised and lowered on periscope depth.

01:10:14 So in all, there are seven known war patrols of the type 21. One of them was from U2511 with Lieutenant Commander Schnee. He started his war patrol in Norway on the 5th of April 1945. And through his journey through the Faroe Gap, he...

01:10:34 Wie lange?

01:11:03 Could a Type 21 stay underwater? So this depends on the speed you are driving. So with the maximum speed you could stay around about four hours underwater and if you just drive with three knots on the creep engines you could nearly stay around about six days underwater. But if we compare this to the time we could stay underwater if we...

01:11:30 Wir haben unsere Batterien mit der Diesel-Engine während der snorkelinge Zeit. Dann konnten wir über 60 Tage bleiben unter Wasser. Was war die Operational-Range der Type 21? Die Operational-Range der Type 21 mit 9 Nautz-Economik-Speed war über 15,700 Nautical-Miles, das bedeutet, dass es über 70 Tage ist. Wie schnell konnte der Type 21 bleiben unter Wasser?

01:12:00 With maximum loaded batteries Type 21 maximum speed underwater was 16.5 knots. So it was planned to develop new types with larger batteries and bigger turbocharged diesel engines for loading the batteries at a higher speed. And the further types that were planned were the Type 20B and 20C.

01:12:28 die mehr Torpedo-Tubes haben, wie die 21-Type. Wir sprechen über 12 Torpedo-Tubes für die Type 20B und 18 Torpedo-Tubes für die Type 20C. Wie viele Type 21 haben wir gebaut? In vielen anderen Shipyards haben wir rund um 119 Type 21 Submarines gebaut.

01:13:00 How comfortable was the service on board of a Type 21? So as the Type 21 was larger than the submarines before and also in diameter it was bigger you can imagine that life was a bit easier than before only 10 of the crew members have to share the hot bunk they have had three toilets at all and

01:13:27 Die größte Arbeit auf der Petrol war der Torpedo-Loading auf der Daily Base, das hier viel schneller war, weil der Type 21 mit dem Hydraulic Torpedo-Loading System war able to re-load all Torpedo-Tubes in 20 Minuten. Wie hat der Willem-Bauer nach Bremerhafen gekommen und warum es ein Museumschiff geworden ist?

01:13:51 So, after being decommissioned in 1982, this submarine was given for a museum's object by the MOD. Later, in 1983, a group of naval members raised the needed funds to buy this submarine, so it could be prepared in a shipyard near to Bremerhaven.

01:14:18 und er wird in ein Museum in April 1984. Was ist dein Lieblingsplatz auf Type 21? Willst du sehen mein Lieblingsplatz auf dieser Submarine? Dann komm mit mir!

01:15:38 So this is my favorite place of the Type 21, as this is a very special place that is not seen very often.

01:16:03 That was the video sent to us by the Willenbauer Museum Type 21 U-Boat. It's really interesting. I know nothing about the Type 21 U-Boat, so I'm glad that we actually have that. Unfortunately, we have no rep from Willenbauer to go along with it, but that's okay. Because I'm here. I'm going to hold your hand. I'm just kidding. I'm not going to hold anybody's hand. I'm not allowed to touch anybody right now. I've got a baby at home. I can't bring home germs.

Betrachtungen über U-Boote und Museumsbesuche

01:16:29

01:16:29 So, you know, one of the things that strikes me every time we interact with these submarines is just, as they're walking through the submarine, I just, like, I'm not a person who has claustrophobia in general, but I get a little claustrophobic just watching them go through it. It's so tight. It's so cramped. It's so uncomfortable. And that's just being inside. Like, you don't remember that you are on a very hot, very quiet, very stuffy.

01:16:59 Full of explosive material. That's traveling underwater at high pressure. And everything around it is trying to kill it. Like that's bananas. That's really. That's just. So the number of torpedo tubes on that. On that boat was crazy to see. But I just. It struck me as we were talking earlier. Also to western approaches. And they were discussing the type 9 submarine. That like.

01:17:27 Ich denke, dass die German Submarine arm hat die höchste Attrition Ratio von irgendwelchen Arm services in World War II, von irgendwelchen Nation, war die German U-Boats. Ich glaube, es war so, dass 50-70% von all den Leuten in die German U-Boat forces in Deutschland died. Das ist wirklich verrückt. Man, das ist wirklich schwer.

01:17:53 I don't know if you folks have ever had a chance to actually see a submarine. There are a number of submarine naval museums in the United States. Obviously they're going to be near water. Just got to throw that out there. But obviously Liverpool there is the Type 9. The U-534. There's the Type 21 there in... Oof! I'm already forgetting the location. The location of that city. I'm sorry.

01:18:19 Ich glaube, ihr könnt es für mich finden, wenn wir zurückkommen können. Wenn ihr euch ein Chance habt, dann checkt ihr es. Ich denke, manchmal wird es ein bisschen entfernt von der Realität aus, was Combat aussieht, und... ...especially wenn es zu etwas wie ein Submariner ist. Es ist wie in einem ganz anderen Welt. Bremmerhaven. Bremmerhaven, danke. Bremmerhaven ist die Location, wo das Type 22 ist, um... Willenbauer. World of Warships, kann man ein bisschen louder, bitte?

01:18:49 Hmm. It's pretty loud. Perhaps check your sound settings, as we don't want to overpower our guests or overpower the stream in general. So let's see here. 12.16 a.m. We have a little bit of time now until we get our next guest, who's going to be coming in at 12.40, about 24 minutes. We're actually going to have Marco Valentic, who is a staff member here at Wargaming. I met him...

01:19:16 In Cyprus, he's a very cool guy. And Valentich, sorry, I think I said Valentich. Valentich. He's going to be coming in specifically to talk about Naval Museum Atlas, which is a really, really cool project that you guys are going to be able to check out. In the meantime, we're going to do a few things for the next maybe 24 minutes. We're going to talk a little bit about previous Longest Night of the Museums. We have some clips. Correct, Kaishu? Yes, he gave me a thumbs up. That's the universal sign for, please give me a ride, brother.

01:19:45 We're going to go over some clips from, some highlight clips from previous Longest Night of the Museums and we'll talk a little bit with chat because I know you guys like to be talked to. That's how it works. USS Batfishes in Oklahoma. Ah, you got me. Okay, Batfishes in Oklahoma. Oklahoma, of course, being a giant flat state with nothing but wheat and corn and apparently a submarine somewhere out there. Oh, tornadoes. They grow tornadoes, by the way. The only thing you can grow in the sky.

01:20:15 So, there we go. In the meantime, Geishu, what clip do we have that we can show them now, so I can prep them? Toaster or ice cream. Ooh, toaster or ice cream? I'm going to let Chad decide. Do you want a clip of the Her Majesty's Royal Toaster or the Ice Cream Machine? What do we think?

01:20:36 Toaster. Toaster, toaster, ice cream, toaster, toaster. Toaster wins. All right, guys, here comes the clip of Her Majesty's Royal Toaster. So we're going to run another pre-record now that will take you into the forward seamen's mess and then onto officer territory in the Captain's Day cabin and wardroom. And I'll join you again in a few minutes' time on the other side of Cavalier, off the port bow.

01:21:04 at the National Destroyer Memorial. See you in a few minutes time. So we've looked at the armament of the ship and we've talked about the modernisation that happened in the 1950s. Before we finish our tour of the ship, we should also look at some of the accommodation. So here we are in the forward seamen's mess. This was home to around 45 men during all the time the ship was in service.

01:21:30 Es hat eine modernisierung in den 1960s, als es hatte einen fitteren bunks. Aber wie Sie sehen, haben wir die Handwerks rigged hier. In der Second World War, das war ein All-Hammock space, mit den Mitgliedern der Messen hier, in die Handwerks. Das ist, was sie, in der Handwerks spenden ihre Leben.

01:21:54 If they weren't on duty at their action stations or working in different parts of the ship, this is where they slept, this is where they ate, this is where they played games, traditional games like Ludo in the Royal Navy. You can see it's very crowded, it's at the fore end of the ship and in heavy seas, this space is pitching up and down, probably anywhere between 15 and 30 feet.

01:22:23 The capstans are above, there are all sorts of deck penetrations around. It would also have been quite damp and watery. And whilst in the Arctic, cold, because I suspect that the heating system never really coped with the extreme temperatures. The one thing that's very characteristic of life on board a ship in the Royal Navy, all the way through Cavalier service effectively, was the daily issue of rum.

01:22:50 oder grog, was watered-down rum, issued zu einem Mann mit einer großen Ceremonie aus einem Rumtub. Und wir haben hier ein Beispiel in der Forward Seaman's Mess mit der Toast geschrieben, die Queen, Gott bless her.

01:23:08 Whilst the majority of the crew's food was dished up from the galley and brought back to their messes to eat, the mess decks were fitted with an amazing contraption which I love. This is the 1950s, 60s naval toaster. So, if I had a piece of bread, I could slot it in the rack, put it in, turn the timer on.

01:23:35 Now we're walking our way down the portside corridor. Unlike modern ships where they have big central companionways that run from bow to stern, Cavalier has got two passageways on either side in the forward accommodation and there's no internal route on the ship to reach the after accommodation and some of the machinery spaces. But this is where a lot of the day-to-day activity of the ship took place. So on my left here is the ship's office.

01:24:03 More or less exactly as it was in 1972 when Cavalier left service. Equally important for the comfort of the crew was the ship's naffy or store. This is where they could buy creature comforts, anything from chocolate to toothpaste.

01:24:31 So here we are passing the Senior Rates bathroom, mainly showers and washbasins. And immediately outside the door of the Senior Rates bathroom is the ship's library. Just a couple of bookcases.

01:24:54 So, we've seen some of the ordinary ratings messes and accommodation. I'm now going to enter officer territory up this ladder and this was the point that only officers or ratings on duty were allowed to pass.

01:25:15 So we're now in Officer Territory, First Lieutenant's Cabin on the right and I'm now going to head down to the Captain's Day Cabin.

01:25:31 As generally on all ships, the Captains had their sea cabin, which was close to the bridge, and a day cabin, which is where they could run the ship, and the ship has a machine from. This is Cavalier's Captain's day cabin. You can see, compared to the space that the men had, this is very spacious.

01:26:01 And then next to the captain's cabin, day cabin, is the wardroom. This is the officer's space for relaxation. It's where they ate, on a dining room table, served from the pantry that sits behind it. And this is a very pleasant space on the ship. It does have portholes that allow them to see out of the window, but it had a secondary use in time of war.

01:26:28 This was also the Ship's Emergency Operating Theatre Room.

01:26:33 The Wardroom is also traditionally the place where portraits of the monarchy are. So here, a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip in his Admiral the Fleet's uniform. And these paintings, or reproduction paintings, date really from the end of Cavalier's service. But it's particularly poignant to see Prince Philip here.

01:27:00 auf der Kavalier's wunderschöne, so kurz nach seinem Tod und der Funeral.

01:27:07 So I'm going to end this pre-recorded bit of our tour. Here, as we can leave Officer Territory onto the ship's decks. But on my left here is the Arctic 1945 Battle Honor. And I think it's really important to think about Cavaliers' Second World War history and what she represents. So I'm going to finish this part of the tour here now. And I'm going to rejoin you live at the Destroy Memorial that sits alongside...

01:27:36 um die Barre of the Ship.

01:27:45 Her Majesty's Royal Toaster. The thing I recall the most about that now is the sound that Metal on Metal from the 1940s makes when it's pulled across itself. That was just absolutely horrifying. That little segment there, the toaster, gave birth to one of the great all-time wows memes of Her Majesty's Royal Toaster.

01:28:13 It's funny, looking at the interior of a British warship compared to an American warship, a lot of things are similar. Warships are warships, they're metal, they're very sparse, they're very economical, they're very pragmatic, but it occurred to me that as a British ship it had a portrait of the Queen, and it had a portrait of the Duke of Edinburgh, King Philip. Sorry, Prince Philip, I don't recall which one it was at the time.

01:28:42 I'm not British. We won. So, it struck me as like, that's a very, that's sort of a reminder of what you're fighting for, for people who are on this ship facing death united by a common purpose. It's like the common purpose is the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom is represented by the monarchy. Sort of funny, like, what would Americans have? A portion of Kim Kardashian? What is the equivalent of American royalty? It's hard to say.

01:29:11 Anyway, I got no... What are we spamming in chat now? Arctic1945? This is not a code, is it, Geishu? Guys, this is great. I love the enthusiasm with the codes and whatnot, but you're being played. We will tell you. We will tell you when there's a code. I realize there's a mob mentality. Ha! I see something being spammed. I should spam it, too. But we will... We want to make sure that folks who have questions about the videos can actually ask the questions, so...

01:29:40 Spamming codes that are not actually codes, we have to block the code name for a while so that it doesn't get spammed too hard. Anyway, other than that, love the enthusiasm. I miss you all, by the way. I miss you very much and all the shenanigans you pull in chat, like typing Arc1945 when it means nothing. Love that. Okay, so we have another 13 minutes or so. We also have the ice cream video to go over now, which I went to the USS Iowa years ago.

01:30:07 And while I was there, they mentioned how much ice cream was made from the ice cream generator. The ice cream generator? How much ice cream they grew on the ice cream tree. It was, I forget how many, like tens of, or hundreds of thousands of gallons of ice cream, but it was some astronomical number. And I remember just thinking to myself, is it all vanilla? Like, how do they, how do they, who decides, who in the military logistics apparatus decides?

01:30:34 How much of it should be vanilla? How much chocolate? And then where is Bernie Sanders to be like, I have to say, if we're going to be making hundreds of thousands of gallons of ice cream, we should have more than two options. The people aboard this ship deserve at least three options. I suggest strawberry. Someone's got to be advocating for strawberry too, right? And then everyone else looks at that person with just a quiet, stern look of disappointment, and they just decide vanilla and chocolate. It's fine. It's fine. Just let it be.

01:31:03 So, um, let's, let's go to that. Guys, if you don't mind cooking up the ice cream video, we're going to take a look at that. And when we come back, we'll chat for a little while longer. And then we will introduce Marco Valentich. So this is one of the more interesting items aboard USS Kidd. This is my good buddy, the ice cream machine. He'd be a better buddy if he actually made ice cream still.

Die Geschichte der Eismaschine auf der USS Kidd

01:31:25

01:31:25 There's a couple of different stories about how Kidd got her ice cream machine. And when you start looking at these stories, it's very possible both of them are true. One of our former directors informed us that she had been told the ice cream machine came to the crew as a result of a women's club purchasing an ice cream machine for the ship and donating it to the ship. A story I heard from some of the crew members, the World War II crew members.

01:31:53 war, dass sie die shipwärts in der Brooklyn in 1943 waren. Und sie alle passen die Hände, poolen ihre Geld und verkaufen die Maschinen. Und an diesem Punkt, die Officers waren noch immer aufshorchen. Nur die Enlisteden waren noch aufshorchen. Sie hatten es nachdem, nachdem die Officers gingen aufshorchen für den Tag.

01:32:15 Und dann haben sie schnell, nach dem Uncraten es, dass es viel zu groß ist, um die Hatchen zu gehen, um die Ladderwells zu gehen. Und so haben sie wieder ihre Geld genommen bekommen, haben sie ein bisschen Geld bekommen, und dann haben sie einen Job für sie, nach dem Schiff, und gesagt, hey, buddy, du hast eine Cutting- und Welding-Rig? Wir haben sie einen Job für dich.

01:32:40 He comes over, they've got a perfectly rectangular spot marked out on the outer hull. He cuts open a brand new ship, feels the skin off of it, slides the ice cream machine in, and then he seals it back up, welds it back up, takes his money, heads home for the night, and then the kid crew takes their grinders and they grind all the weld marks off of that spot.

01:33:06 put on a new coat of paint, and nobody would be the wiser. But Commander Roby, our first commanding officer, walks up and sees a fresh paint, perfectly rectangular patch of paint on the side, looks at the ship, sees where it's at, comes down, and starts laughing because...

01:33:24 They didn't factor in the fact that destroyers weren't supposed to have ice cream machines, so they don't have ice cream mix in their supply list when they get resupplied. So they had an ice cream machine that was totally useless. But it fits into their whole pirate motif that they had for being the Pirates of the Pacific and the name Kid. And so when they would pass mail to other ships that did have ice cream machines, they would actually hold the mail ransom between the ships on the pulleys.

01:33:54 ...during the Unrep, and then the guys on the other ships would have to give them their ice cream mix in order to get their mail. They had an ice cream machine that was totally useless.

01:34:09 Das ist wirklich, das ist, das ist rough, man. Imagine you're out on sea, you're surrounded by men for months at a time. The only thing you have is an ice cream machine. You have no ice cream mix because it's not in your logistical supply list. That's, uh, that's rough. Um, but that, okay, I gotta say something else about that ice cream machine. There's a great story about how they got that ice cream machine and everything, but I have to say...

01:34:35 At that time where everything was just purely mechanical, you know, there's nothing electric really in it outside of, there's a crank on it. Everything looks a little steampunky, but more like, it looks like a torture device. It looks like, you know, you say, hello Mr. Bond, we are going to talk, now stick your hand inside this machine, and then you just crank it and it like, I don't know, it like smushes his fingers or pulls on him or something like that. It just looks like a torture machine. It's actually the ice cream machine. Geishu's laughing, you can't hear it, but he's laughing.

01:35:04 I'm not crazy. Okay. We got about eight minutes until we meet up with Mr. Marco. So we're going to just chat for a little while. I'm going to do something very risky and re-chat. So let's just take a look here. Let's see. They rated ice cream mix as their booty. Yes, Weekend Warrior pointed out that since the kid was known sort of for having a pirate theme to it, I believe they had a pirate flag that was actually on the ship.

01:35:32 Surely, at some point, when they were going somewhere, they would barter for ice cream mix for this illicit contraband ice cream machine that they had. Let's see.

01:35:47 Bogsy is freebasing today. Freeassociating is the word. Freebasing is something definitely different. Bring new Brazilian ships. Okay. Have you been to the Vampire 2? No, I have not. But I'd like to. That'd be really cool. I'd love to go to Australia and New Zealand someday. Hear that Wargaming? Hear? Send me to me.

01:36:10 Freeballing Bogsy, that's right. We're off the rails today. Everyone who says he is not crazy, I am a little crazy. That's how I got the job. There you go. Yeah, I mean, I remember being on the Iowa and just seeing, like, the mess hall is immense. It's huge. I'll also point out something else about all these museum ships that strikes me, is that there's never enough beds for everybody on board. The amount of space taken up by living quarters...

01:36:39 Even though the living quarters are extremely cramped, the amount of space taken up by them is huge. And it's really only enough for about half the crew at any given point. Because people sleep in shifts. So I think it was mentioned earlier by the Type 9, or sorry, the Type 21 from Wilhelm... Bauer. Yeah, from Wilhelm Bauer. The bunks are rotated. So they call it a hot bunk, or basically somebody wakes you up in the middle of the night and they're like, get out, it's my turn. You go, okay, I'm going to go back to...

01:37:07 Pulling on this steaming rod that's spitting oil in my face because that's my job.

01:37:13 Hot bunking, thank you. Hot racking? No, stop it. Stop saying hot different things, guys. This is going to get us in big trouble. So, it is fascinating to see just how that works exactly, but I remember also when we went to Wisconsin. Keith Nitka, sir, was one of our hosts there, and he actually served aboard the Wisconsin during Operation Desert Storm in the early 90s.

01:37:39 Aside from the many cool things that he told us about while we were there, one of the things he said is that it was so hot in the Persian Gulf onboard the ship that it was even hotter inside the ship than it was outside. So at night sometimes guys would literally go up and sleep on the deck of the ship because it was so hot. Which is kind of bananas to think that you're out in the middle of the ocean in wartime and you're like, I would rather sleep outside.

01:38:05 That was pretty crazy. Another cool thing that he told us about was he was actually in the bridge. He was on the bridge overseeing the A and B turrets when they were firing. And I remember asking him, I said, what was it like? What was it like if you were on the bridge when the guns were actually firing? And he said, well, he said it just felt like your entire chest cavity was being caved in with a hammer. And I said, that's cool. I said, what did it do to the windows?

01:38:34 Weil, ihr wisst, das Glas oder Plastik, ich weiß nicht, aber das Plexiglas oder Glas. Er hat gesagt, oh, wir haben die Wände runter. Ich habe gesagt, so es ist nichts zwischen dir und der Ruhrer dieser Wände? Er hat gesagt, ja, wir haben die Wände runter. So, wir haben die Wände runter. Ich habe gesagt, holy shit, man. Es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, aber es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, aber es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, aber es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding, es ist ein Ding.

01:39:02 The basic realities of, oh yeah, there's nothing between me and the roar of nine 16-inch guns. It's just bananas. So...

01:39:14 I had a dear friend that worked the National Naval Museum. It's an old seaplane hangar and they have submarine lembut inside. That is very cool. By the way, Pearl Harbor also has a really, really cool naval museum. They also have a really, really cool aviation museum that goes along with it on Ford Island. One of the neatest things about that was that you have, there at the Naval Aviation Museum, they actually had an F-15, an F-14, and an F-16 all lined up next to each other.

01:39:44 Es ist wirklich cool, weil es mit der F-14, die vorherige, die ist großartig. Es ist wirklich großartig. Und dann geht es auf der F-15, die etwas weniger großartig ist. Und dann geht es auf der F-16, und du denkst, holy crap, ich hatte keine Ahnung, die F-16 war so klein, comparatively. Aber, um... Anyway. 100% go-see Naval Museums, guys. Oder Aviation Museums. Wartime Museums in general. Go see them. Es ist wirklich nichts wie sehen diese Sachen in person.

01:40:12 Really? Oh my gosh. Okay, I'm very excited. Hold on. Okay, I'm going to be speaking with Marco here. Just a second, let me pull him up. Okay, I'm ready. Bring me Marco.

Interview mit Marco Valentich über Naval Museum Atlas und Partnerschaften

01:40:29

01:40:29 Marco speaking. Marco! Marco, Marco, Marco! How are you? Ladies and gentlemen, this is Marco Valentich from Wargaming. Last time I saw him was in... I think the last time I saw you was in Cyprus. In Cyprus? No, it should have been Prague, probably. Was it? Okay, well, I apologize. No worries. It was a good place either way, so...

01:40:55 We all had fun, no matter what. Yeah, for sure. Do us a quick favor and remind us your role at Wargaming, your role in getting Longest Night in Museums put together, and what you're here to talk about, if you would, please. Of course. Thank you. Yeah, I'm Marco Valentich. I am Head of Business Development and Communications at World of Warships, our business segment.

01:41:22 Und wir haben die gesamte Franchise und unterstützen alle Produkte als Teil der World of Warships. Meine Team ist vielmehr auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung, aber auch auf die Anwendung, auf die Anwendung.

01:41:45 Partner Marketing, so partnership with different museum partners, partnerships with different hardware partners, other promotional partners that can kind of help us spread the word about why World of Warships is such a great game and hopefully try to get more people to come play the game, enjoy the game and kind of explore this world that maybe they didn't try out before.

01:42:08 Partnerships folks in the chat. I hear you all speculating. I see you all speculating on what Marco does. Marco's department is partnerships and whatnot and collaborations across other IPs and other businesses. They're saying that you are monetization's final boss, and that is not correct. You have the wrong guy. Wrong guy. Don't hate Marco. Anyway, so obviously...

01:42:36 You're one of the main fellows who helps us get in contact with, helps us arrange things like these museums and is obviously, you're the corridor by which we sort of arrange big things like this. So do me a favor, just give the audience a little idea of the amount of effort that goes into coordinating a live stream with all of these different museums.

01:43:02 Fürsure, ich meine, das ist unglaublich. Ich bin mit der Longest Night on Museum seit dem Beginn. Wir kamen mit dem Idee, wie zu launchen es, was zu tun mit es. Und es war einfach ein Team-Effert von der ersten Moment. Und es stuck, weil alle waren so enthousiastisch über die Idee. Es hat viele Leute gefunden, um eine neue Appreciation für die Spiel zu finden. Es hat sie geholfen, um eine stärkere Verbindung mit dem Spiel zu entwickeln.

01:43:32 Und da gibt es Leute aus der Community, da gibt es Leute aus der PR, die haben eine großartige Arbeit geleistet. Da gibt es Leute aus der Producers, natürlich. Dann haben wir die Art Team, die uns zu setzen, um alle die Assetz-Technical-Team zu machen, um das Stream funktioniert gut. Also, ein viel, viel effort geht. Obviamente, mein Team also unterstützt mit Partnerships. Wir versuchen unsere Besten, zu erst einmal...

01:44:01 First of all, identify museums that can help us out, that can be attractive to you, to audience. Second of all, we are trying to find partners that really resonate well with this topic and trying for them to kind of offer some freebies, run giveaways, emphasize the message, share it, bring new players, bring new viewers. So really a lot of effort.

01:44:30 und Monate für ein Event wie dieses Event. Und es ist ein Freitag. Wir wollen einfach weitergehen, wegen der all den beautifulen Feedback, die wir bekommen haben. Ja, Longest Night in the Museums ist eine von den meisten Anticipaten, und ich würde sagen, eine von den most rewardingen und prestigiosen Dinge, die wir every Jahr machen. Es ist immer ein Freitag. Ich bin frohne genug, zu host es jetzt schon mal.

01:44:54 It's always a lot of work to do, but it's always extremely rewarding work. So you today are going to be sharing with us a little bit about Naval Museum Atlas. So would you, you already mentioned the incredible work that's done on both the side of the museums, but also on our side, the folks in Belgrade who put together media for us. So would you do us a favor and give us a little idea about what the Naval Museum Atlas is?

01:45:19 Of course, of course. So before we go into it, I just want to kind of explain how we actually came up with the idea. It came very organic by us just building on different type of partnership and museum activities that started with...

01:45:41 with Anchors Away, with our fundraising activities, one of the more notable ones with the one with the USS Texas, with different type of creative merchandise, production collaboration with different documentary producers. All of these kind of combined together to spread the message about our love for the museums and trying to get more people into the hobby.

01:46:09 If you don't mind, I just prepared a couple of slideshows here, just the photos for different events and different artifacts that kind of led us to the place where we are actually ready to release Naval Museum Atlas. And we are very, very lucky and very happy that we are actually doing it as part of the Longest Night of Museums, which is personally one of my favorite events that we are actually running here.

01:46:35 So, yeah, this is the photo from one of the Anchors Away event. These type of events are actually where we see, where we get to interact with the community, where we get to see the passion, where we see families coming together, people kind of making new friendships. Then also there are some other events on the next slides. We can move forward.

01:47:02 If that's okay. I'm going to ask Geishu to go back to the slide once because I want to point out for those who are eagle-eyed.

01:47:11 If you look in the bottom right corner of this image, you will see sweet baby C-Raptor when he was young and fresh faced. He's on the very bottom right side of the image. We get CCs who come out to these events sometimes. It's always amazing to see them interact live with their audiences because obviously these are folks who are really well-respected in the community. Sorry to interrupt, Marco. Guys, Drew, we can go to the next slide. No worries. Keep going.

01:47:37 No worries, it's great. So obviously then one of the very interesting ones was on USS Massachusetts. And then it kind of leads into the first Longest Night of Museums, which was an icebreaker for us, an idea that kind of turned things around when it comes to just us looking into creating digital content, getting people to engage with it and kind of creating something.

01:48:06 Raw, Organic, that gets people to actually interact with it and gets museums to get excited about it. I still have the first programme of the first Longest Night of Museums, which was incredibly international, rich, and it lasted, if I'm not mistaken, for around 17 hours. That was an exhausting one, and every year...

01:48:35 Yes, yes. And every year we get a little bit better, right? Because we have more experience. The videos look better, more polished. The questions from the audience are actually more excited, but it's something that we are really committed to. And it kind of feeds into all of the other museum's activities that we are working on. For instance...

01:48:57 Wir arbeiten mit einer französischen Produktion, die uns ermöglicht.

01:49:05 ...historical videos based on some of the Naval Legends material. And then you can find this type of incredible... It's called Clash of Titans. You can find this TV show on Germany, on national TV, in France, obviously, in Canada. It was available on Pluto TV as well. So this is all the...

Kooperationen und VIP-Geschenke

01:49:29

01:49:29 Es ist interessant, dass wir oft von den Museums oder verschiedenen Produkten haben, die sich für 3D-Modeln von verschiedenen Schiffen suchen, für verschiedene Video-Materialien, die wir ihnen geben können. Und wir sind immer bereit für die Unterstützung, um sie eine Hand zu geben, weil es alles in unsere Passion ist und wie wir wollen.

01:49:59 Sounds good, man. It's really astounding to see. Guys, you threw up a schedule for a previous Longest Night of Museums, and yes, you mentioned 17 hours. I believe that was the first one that I did. I think I took a segment of it, but it is. It's a lot of content, and that should be, just for the record for all of you, when we stream on Wednesdays...

01:50:22 We don't stream for more than two hours, because that's exhausting even, to be interactive and to do that much. This is so much content. We pre-prep as much of it as possible. We get, you know, video clips from these museums. But oftentimes we assist them and help them set up their own videos. So an enormous amount of work goes into sort of the background work of all of this. And it should not be missed that...

01:50:50 To put something together like this is a massive undertaking. And we're so grateful to every single museum that takes part in it, museum and partner that takes part in it. So that's just me shilling for, thank you all for being here. And we're very excited for what we have coming up. So you mentioned something about, maybe it was you, maybe it was a Legionnaire earlier, but that from some of these museums, we get some really cool stuff. And I've noticed that the next picture here, we have some of these here in our office in Austin, Texas.

01:51:19 These are actual commemorative plates that are made out of two different things. This is real, actual teak wood from the deck of the USS Texas combined with a piece of metal from the torpedo bulge. And we got 200 of these that have served as really neat VIP gifts for partners and for other things. How does stuff like this come to be?

01:51:48 Was geht in die Geschichte, wenn ich das? Ja, natürlich. Es ist der Grunde der Gespräche mit den Museums, uns zu den Historical Naval Ship Associationen, zu treffen, mit ihnen zu sprechen, zu sprechen, zu sprechen, zu hören, was sie tatsächlich machen, und dann diese typen von Ideen kommen.

01:52:14 Obviously, museums, they do regular maintenance and there is, in some cases, a significant amount of material that can be used for a very good purpose. So it's very important to find a reliable manufacturing partner and to create something unique.

01:52:36 und, wenn möglich, um es zu ermöglichen, um ein Museum und Museums-Story zu machen. Und wir wollen mehr von diesen Dingen machen. Wir wollen verschiedene Artifacts entwickeln, die üblich sind, die uniglich sind, und die helfen dir zu deepenen, mit der Geschichte, mit dem Schiff, am Ende des Jahres, die du mit dem Spiel in den Spiel spielen.

01:53:00 So, this is just the beginning. We have many, many things in plan, but we are super, super excited about it and we are extremely grateful that museums see the same as we do.

01:53:15 So we are kind of counting on good feedback from the community to make sure that we can bring more of these things to life. So this is from USS Texas. As you said, it's really everything is done with a huge attention to detail from the material that was actually chosen to the packaging to the craftsmanship.

01:53:40 We also released, on the next slide, we have collectible pens from the Teakwood of USS North Carolina. We were kind of using them as giveaway items on the first Captain's Club anniversary.

01:54:01 Und wir wollen die ganze Collection von diesen Typen anbieten, die für alle Spieler sind, wenn sie möchten. Aber wir haben zuerst die Worte zu testen, sehen wie die Leute reagieren können, finden eine Reliabel-Manufacturing-Partner, und dann zu kommen. Wir sind auf der richtigen Weg, aber es ist einfach zu sehen, dass die Feedback für diese Artifacts ist...

01:54:30 ist extrem wichtig.

01:54:32 It certainly is. You know what I just realized? I don't think we have any of those in the Austin office. Or if we do, Legionnaire's probably hiding them all. I would love one of those to put as part of our set for recording the update videos. So if there's any chance of getting one of those for the Austin office, if we don't already have one, I would love one for the set. Of course. We do have our... Michael is sitting there, so I'm pretty sure you can talk to him and he might have some...

01:55:02 Wenn nicht, dann können wir die neue Anwendung nicht. Das ist kein Problem.

01:55:29 Of the existing of World of Worship. So I'm getting carried away though. What we need to do is we need to watch the Naval Museum Atlas video. I forgot that we had a video. I thought it was you. So are you okay if we transition real quick to watch that video? Of course. It's a short one. So go ahead. Okay. Sounds good. Thank you, Marco. No worries.

Vorstellung des Naval Museum Atlas

01:55:52

01:55:52 Captain's welcome to the Naval Museum Atlas explore Naval Museums around the world with ease using our interactive map designed for smooth intuitive navigation quickly locate museums browse user friendly profiles and delve deep into detailed pages filled with fascinating insights as well as real-time event updates never miss a major museum event near you join a global community of passionate enthusiasts and start your journey into the depths of Naval history the Naval Museum Atlas is brought to you by

01:56:22 World of Warships. Register your account now and unlock valuable in-game rewards.

01:56:31 And we are back. I thought that was like a five-minute video, but 30 seconds. So this is so cool, Marco. The Naval Museum Atlas is so neat. How exactly are people best able to interact with it if they so choose? What? Yeah, so we have a link to the website. We can share it in the chat here. So it's basically...

01:56:59 Digital Discovery Museum Discovery Platform. We focused on Naval Museums only.

01:57:06 Und wir launchen jetzt in Early Access, das bedeutet, dass unser Ziel ist, um die Plattform zu testen, um die ersten Museums zu beenden, um zu sehen, wie alles funktioniert, auf der technischen Seite und dann, um dieses Promotional Push zu bekommen, um mehr und mehr Museums zu beenden, um die Plattform zu beenden, um die Plattform zu beenden. Und das ist das ganze Ziel. So, von einem Seite, wir wollen sicher, dass wir...

01:57:33 Das ist eine eine Stop-Shop-Shop, wo man sieht, welche Museums sind bei dir, sehen, welche Museums sind auf der anderen Seite der Welt, wenn du, ich weiß, planst du nach Europa, Asia oder woanders, und alles in einem Ort, in einem sehr intuitiven Interface, der ist einfach und schnell zu arbeiten.

01:57:52 On the other side, we are working on arranging special perks for all of those players who actually go and visit museums. So that's the catch. We want to encourage people to go to museums. We are working on special bonus codes that will be available directly at the museum. So you go to museums, you see a sign that there is a Naval Museum code.

01:58:18 There was the Zima Atlas Code waiting for you. You claim the code and you get special prizes that are tied to in-game and hopefully with time we want to also introduce other access to different artifacts, access to other cool stuff from ship museums. So our goal is to get...

01:58:39 mehr und mehr Menschen zu gehen und versuchen, die Plattform zu nutzen, zu nutzen und mit dem Feedback, die wir bekommen haben, von Ihren Geistungen, Sie können uns auf unsere Sociale, Sie können uns e-mailen, Sie können eine Museums-Müse neben ihr, Sie können uns aufbordet werden, wir werden uns aufbordet werden, oder verschiedene Museums-Müse können uns aufbordet werden, wir werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden, Sie werden aufbordet werden zu World of Warships-Players weltweit.

01:59:08 Die wichtigste Sache ist, dass es komplett frei zu benutzen ist. Es ist nichts zu verlieren. Es ist nur gut, nur Spaß.

01:59:22 only prizes that you can win, and then you can measure your progress based on the number of museums that you actually visit. Right. You guys, I gotta tell you, I travel a lot for work here at Wargaming, and it's wonderful, but I realize that not everybody...

01:59:42 ...nows exactly, like, why to travel or what to do when you travel. I actually kind of learned this when we had the community contributors join us in Belgrade, and a lot of them said, like, this is my first time really traveling anywhere, because I just, what the hell do you do when you go traveling? If you sort of want a reason to go somewhere, and you're not entirely sure what to do, I really recommend the idea of choosing a, I would like to see this. For example, a Naval Museum, especially if you're a fan of World of Warships, you like naval history, something like the Buffalo...

02:00:11 Buffalo Naval Park ist eine fantastische Lösung, um zu sehen, zum Beispiel, diese Partie von New York zu gehen. Mostly, die Leute wollen für Niagara Falls gehen. Es ist eine große Wunderschöne, die natürliche Wunderschöne, aber die wirkliche Sache, dass die Buffalo Naval Park ist da. Es ist so eine große Lösung, um zu sagen, ich gehe da für das. Und während ich da bin, ich gehe da. Wenn ich da bin, ich gehe da. Wenn ich da bin, ich gehe da. Wenn ich denke, ist da etwas näher, ist da etwas näher, etwas näher, etwas näher zu sehen?

02:00:39 Naval Museum Atlas ist such a cool tool for being able to just jump around and see where things are and then sort of go, okay, well, what else is around it? So like Marco was saying, there's a lot of different ways in which you can utilize this tool. I really, really highly recommend going to check it out.

02:00:57 Ja, danke. Danke, Joey. Just a reminder, we've just started, right? So we've started, we have nine museums onboarded right now and we are working week after week to onboard new ones. So feel free to follow us on socials, recommended museums. I'm pretty sure that soon we will have much bigger database and it will be even more useful for all of you who just want to find cool museums around you.

02:01:25 Absolutely. As Marco was saying, there's nine museums added now, but we'll be adding more as time goes on. There are a lot of them out there, so I'm sure that there's going to be a nice, hefty, healthy database to help you guys out with what you're looking for. Marco, thank you so much for joining us. We're going to move on and speak with folks from the USS Intrepid. Is there anything else you'd like to say about it before we go?

02:01:49 Just thank you for the chance to talk about it. Everybody go and visit Naval Museum Atlas. I'm sure you're going to enjoy it. Joey, it's been a pleasure. My pleasure too, Marco. Great to see you next time. I'm in Europe. I will be looking for you. Great. Looking forward to it. Okay. Bye, buddy. All right, everybody. Did you say something, Gaiju?

02:02:16 We're all good. Oh, okay. He's just telling me that we're all good. I know that. I know we're all good. Ridiculous. Okay, so I guess I can take these off now. Alright, guys. So, Naval...

USS Intrepid und USS Midway

02:02:30

02:02:30 Museum Atlas. Super cool, interactive tool that will get you connected with different naval museums around the world. And as Marco is saying, there's a whole bunch of different ways in which you can make that work for you. So go check that out, please. Midway is down there. If you're ever interested in going to TwitchCon, for example, the USS Midway is right by TwitchCon. There's actually two other I want to call them museum history ships. I don't know if they're museums, but there are two really old ships right next to it. One is a

02:03:00 einen Clipper-Ship, der andere ist ein Submarine. Ich weiß nicht, was die Namen sind. Ich weiß nicht, was sie sagen. Aber Midway ist ein absoluter incredible Museum. Es ist einfach ein Fahrrad oder Uber-Ride von der Convention Center, TwitchCon, über die USS Midway Museum. Also, die Top Gun Bar ist auf der Weg. Das ist cool, auch. Es ist viel kleiner als du denkst. Es ist zwei kleine-ass rooms. Sie haben dann auch eine ganze Zeit gemacht.

02:03:28 So, um, moving on here, our next, our next candidate is going to be the USS Intrepid. No, it's not a spaceship that got blasted across the galaxy and has to make its way home. It's an aircraft carrier. USS Intrepid, right? Yes. USS Intrepid was an aircraft carrier. As all aircraft carriers in the United States Navy do, it has been multiple ships throughout its history, but...

02:03:57 So I understand that the last iteration was an aircraft carrier. So we're going to be speaking with the USS Intrepid Naval Museum. However, we have a nice video from them. Is that correct, Geishu? Oh, I'm so excited, which means I can get coffee in the meantime. So what we're going to do here, since we're just after the top of the hour, we're going to go ahead and throw to a about 18-minute video. Please take a look at that. Stick through. We're going to have some Q&A and some interaction with reps from...

02:04:25 USS Intrepid Museum when we come back, so stick around.

02:04:43 Hey everybody, my name is Scott and I'm standing on the Intrepid in the heart of Manhattan. We're located at 12th Avenue and 46th Street. I'm going to be walking you around today showing you Intrepid. We're going to be talking about World War II and Intrepid's role in it.

02:05:21 All right, so let's talk a little bit about World War II. McKeel was laid for Intrepid December 1st, 1941, at Newport News Shipyard in Newport News, Virginia. Now, the United States was not in the war yet, but things weren't looking very good out there, so maybe it's time to start getting ready. At that point in time, Newport News told the Navy it was going to take three to five years to build the ship.

02:05:46 Navy was fine with that. That made perfect sense. Six days later, December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor hits and everything changes. Newport News went into overdrive. They worked three shifts 24-7, seven days a week. Completed this ship in just 17 months. Just goes to show you what you can do when you really have to.

02:06:11 So Intrepid was christened in the spring of 1943. This is our commissioning bell. And it was then commissioned August 16, 1943. And what that means is the crew is now on board, 3,000 men. And the air group was here as well. That was another 400 men, the cruise ship. If Intrepid gets damaged, and it would, the air group will move.

02:06:38 Untertitelung des ZDF für funk, 2017

02:07:02 der Palau, Okinawa, mit vielen anderen. Eine wirklich sehr interessante Art von Intrepid und all Essex-Klasse Carrier ist das hier. Sie hat eine Wooden Flitdeck, eine 1.5in von Teak und 2.5in von Pine mit einem sehr starken Teil von Metall. Und die Navy hat das auf purpose, weil sie das nicht mehr Top-Heavy macht.

02:07:25 Think about it. You're launching aircraft, you're landing aircraft. You want that flight deck to be as steady as you can make it. And it worked. It worked really well. Unfortunately, it didn't work so well against kamikaze attacks, but I'm going to talk about that just a little bit later on. All right, so let's talk about battles. Intrepid experienced its first serious attack during the Battle of Truck Atoll. Truck Atoll was Japan's version of Pearl Harbor.

02:07:54 Very successful day. The fleet managed to sink some 28 Japanese ships that day. But February 17th, a little after midnight, the crew here on Intrepid heard what they described as a backfiring lawnmower. Turned out to be a Japanese torpedo bomber. Dropped the torpedo, blew this massive hole in the aft starboard side of the ship.

02:08:23 Das war, dass 11 Menschen getötet wurden. Das war die erste, um, gesellschaftliche Führung in der Welt. Aber was es auch gemacht hat, war es, dass es die Rutter sehr 45-degere Angriffe hat. So, all they could do ist, basically, go around in circles, was natürlich nicht gut ist. So, um, zu rectifizieren, sie hatten vier Propellers, including dieser einen hier hinter mir.

02:08:49 Und sie haben versucht, die Propeller 2x2 zu verabschieden, in einem Schritt zu schlafen, nach Pearl Harbor zu schlafen. Unfortunately, die Wind kept blowing sie auf course, so das wirklich nicht funktioniert. So was sie gemacht hat, was kind of ingenious ist.

02:09:05 Back in those days, during World War II, the anchor chain room up front in the bow of the ship was still open to the sea. When the ship was modernized in the 50s, they closed that in. But at that time, it was open to the sea. So what they did was they built a makeshift sail out of basically anything they could get their hands on. Body bags, bed sheets, plywood sheets, whatever they could find.

02:09:31 They built it over on the starboard side, up in the very front in the anchor chain room. And the combination of the sail and rotating the screws back and forth, they did manage to zigzag their way back to Pearl Harbor and safety. So Intrepid is, as far as we know, the only aircraft carrier in history to operate by sail. So this is a World War II model of the ship.

02:09:59 The basic dimensions were about 900 feet long by 150 feet wide, 38,000 tons. We had three types of aircraft on board, roughly 90 in total. We had fighters, Corsairs and Hellcats, dive bombers, the Hell Dive Bomber, and then...

02:10:17 der Torpedobomber, der Grumman Avenger. Der Weg würde es sein, es wären 36 Fighters, 36 Dive Bombers und 18 Avenger. Natürlich werden die Zahlen verändern, weil sie nicht zurückkehren können. So, wir schauen uns auf einen unserer Fyter, der Corsair.

02:10:37 They were introduced in 1942, easily one of the most recognizable and iconic aircraft of its time. They served predominantly in the Pacific and they played a crucial role in the Allies in winning World War II. Designed as a fighter and a bomber that could easily outgun and outrun Japanese fighters.

02:11:07 Corsair served on multiple aircraft carriers, including the Intrepid. So the Corsair had this really cool inverted go-wing design, and that accomplished two things. First of all, it elevated the fuselage to the point where this gigantic 13-foot propeller had plenty of clearance down on the ground when it took off and landed from carriers.

02:11:33 Und es hat auch geholfen, die Lenden-Wheel struts zu reduzieren, die die Integrität der Struts auf Multiple Aircraft Carrier landen. Die Planung des Top-Speed war 450 mAh. Sie konnte spektakulärer manövren während dogfights. Und all das spielt eine sehr wichtige Rolle in einer unserer Piloten hier auf Intrepid, Alfred Lerch, der in den 7.

02:12:02 Er hat sie in einem jeden Tag gewonnen. Das Date war April 16, 1945. Lerch war Teil einer Squadron, um zu intercepten Japanese planes, die den Allied-Fleet war, während der Battle von Okinawa in der ersten Krieg. Er hat einen ersten Krieg geführt, und als der Squadron umgekehrt wurde, er hat drei mehr geführt.

02:12:31 So he shot down seven enemy planes that day, two bombers, five fighters. That made him enter his endeavor on that day. This is our Grumman Avenger, easily one of the most deadly weapons the Navy had in the Pacific Theater. If you were an enemy sailor and you saw one of these coming at you, you would not be happy. You wouldn't be happy because you knew they had a 2,000-pound torpedo in the bomb bay.

02:13:00 And as I showed you earlier, torpedoes can do an amazing amount of damage if they hit the vessel just right. So here's how it would work. You would circle your target. You would swoop down. You do what's called a snake dance. You go back and forth and up and down to throw off the enemy gunfire. But at the last minute...

02:13:20 They had to slow it down to about 150 miles an hour, get down relatively close to the water, and come in nice and slow and steady. Because these were not the best weapons the United States had back in those days. You only had one torpedo, you had to make it count. So you wanted to get as close as you possibly could. Of course, if you get that close, you're going to get pretty shot up. And here's a picture of what happened to one plane.

02:13:48 Lost a good chunk of his wing, but he did get back. And if you could do it, that was your job. You get in there, drop the torpedo, get out, return to Intrepid, and live for another day. Alright, so we got a three-man crew. We got the pilot right up here behind me. We got the radio operator. He's in the back there. He also serves as a tail gunner. And then we got the turret gunner up on top. So I'm going to take you over here, show you the turret.

02:14:16 Then we'll circle around to the back and I'll show you where everything is. So this is the ball turret. This is located up on top of the plane. I'll show you where in just a minute, but this was not an easy job. First of all, you're going to enter from below, but you've got to leave your parachute in the fuselage because there's no room in there for it. So good luck if the plane is ever disabled. You're going to sit in a fetal position for the duration of the flight, which could...

02:14:43 Basically be around 4-6 hours. You've got a .50 caliber machine gun right next to your left ear. Back in those days the Navy gave these guys no ear protection. So either bring your own or you're going to lose your hearing. And a lot of guys did lose their hearing. The outside is plexiglass, no protection there. You do have this little windshield right here that's bullet resistant but not bullet proof glass.

02:15:08 Und dann haben Sie eine 1-1-2-3-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2-1-2

02:15:33 The turret was located in that bubble just behind the pilot right there, and it would be facing back towards us. It could go up and down, also could go around 360 degrees, but there was a device built into the turret called an interrupter, so if they came in line with the tail, it would not shoot. Think about it.

02:15:57 Sie sind da, Sie sind in der Zeit der Krieg, Sie sind in der Krieg, Sie kämpfen für Ihre Leben, Sie werden nicht denken, wo der Tail ist. Das ist so, dass sie sich von ihnen aufhörten. Der Tail Gunner wäre hier, und das wäre der Radio Operator. Auf dieser Plane, das ist ein Trainer, so wir haben nicht das, aber der Gunn wäre da, wo der Wheel steckt, unten, so er könnte von unten kommen. Der Turret Gunner könnte ...

02:16:26 von oben. Und dann haben wir Maschine-Guns in den Wings, die von der Pilot beherrte.

02:16:33 They built 10,000 of these. They're very important to the Navy and the Pacific Theater. They're also important to Intrepid. Intrepid pilots flying Avengers played a key role in sinking the Japanese super battleships, the Musashi and the Yamato. Pilots from Intrepid began the attack on the Musashi during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, still the biggest naval battle in history, and that led to its sinking.

02:17:02 But the Yamato got away that day, and we caught up with the Yamato the following spring at the Battle of Okinawa. And one of our pilots, this young man right here, Grant Jack Young, flying one of these, an Avenger, off of Intrepid.

02:17:17 was believed to be one of the final torpedoes into the Yamato that hit the magazine and sank it. So, very important plane to the Navy, but a really important plane to us in Intrepid's history.

02:17:34 Intrepid endured its first Kamikaze attack. The guys in Gun Tub 10 were at their post. They managed to shoot the wing off one of the Kamikaze plane, but it did manage to get through, slammed into Gun Tub 10, killing 10 of the 20 men immediately. The survivors, six of the survivors, were awarded.

02:17:59 der Bronze Star für ihre Braverie. Aber sie hat sie bereits erwähnt, dass sie die Navy Cross originally wurden. Und wegen der Beschreibung, der Award wurde aufgewandert. Alonso Swann, einer der Survivors...

02:18:16 Petitioned the Navy, stayed after the Navy for the next 50 years. He wanted his Navy Cross. In 1993, he took him to court and that forced the Navy to produce the original papers stating that they were promised the Navy Cross and in a ceremony right here on the hangar deck of Intrepid, Alonzo was finally awarded his Navy Cross.

02:18:41 The other men had to petition separately or their families as well. They also received their Navy Cross. And like we like to say here, thanks to Alonzo and many, many others like him, this story wasn't just intrepid, it was throughout the military. All those policies of discrimination have been changed and all men, as well as women now, have equal rights and equal opportunities in the Navy.

02:19:09 The second kamikaze attack occurred about a month later. It was the day after Thanksgiving, 1944. Two planes hit that day, five minutes apart. The first one blasted through that wood decking I showed you guys, came straight down through here into the hangar deck. It crashed, started a massive fire right here. That's why you have this big circle in the floor.

02:19:34 About five minutes later, the second plane hit a little further aft, down that way. It was a bomber, and the bomb became disengaged, literally ricocheted down the hangar deck here, exploded, caused a massive fire. There were planes here, they were fully armed, fully fueled, ready to go out on the portside aircraft elevator right here. They caught fire, they started exploding.

02:20:01 Long story short, 69 men lost their lives that day. 150 were injured. It took hours to get the fire under control. So Intrepid would endure two more kamikaze attacks before the war ended in August 1945. After the war ended, the ship went into dry dock like a lot of Navy ships.

02:20:25 We brought her back out in the mid 1950s. The ship was modernized. They added the angled flight deck. They added catapults. Wore a lot of different hats during the Cold War. She hunted Soviet submarines. She was part of the space race. Recovered two space capsules for NASA. Also did three tours of duty in Vietnam.

02:20:49 The ship was ultimately retired in 1974. It looked like they were going to cut her up for scrap, but our founder, Zachary Fisher, stepped in, created the foundation for the museum, brought the ship here in 1982. We've been a museum ever since. Another exhibit that you can visit is our British Airways Concorde. This is British Airways Alpha Delta.

02:21:16 This set a world speed record for crossing the Atlantic back in 1996. Flew from New York to London in 2 hours, 52 minutes and 59 seconds. And if you've ever crossed the Atlantic, you know that is one really quick trip across the pond. We've got the Space Shuttle Enterprise, one of only four space shuttles in the world. It is by any definition.

02:21:43 Es ist ein nationales Treasurer für die USA. Wir haben auch die Growler, eine Cold War-era Submarine. Das Submarine patrolt auf der Seite der Sowjetunion von 1958 bis 1964, carrying nuclear weapons. Die Growler ist die einzige US-Navy Submarine, die man kann.

02:22:08 Das ist wirklich cool. Sie können es durch. Es ist als sie in den Jahrzehnten, in 1964. Für weitere Informationen können Sie auf unsere Website. Und wir sehen uns hier im Sommer. Das ist New York City, guys. Das Place wirklich in den Sommer ist. So, come by und sehen uns. Wir lieben Sie.

02:22:42 Hi, everybody. Welcome back. Wow, okay. That was awesome. Every time I do this, I learn something new. And right now, we're going to be talking with Mike Fink in New York, New York from the Intrepid Museum. Hello, Mike.

Details zur USS Intrepid

02:22:58

02:22:58 Howdy, how's it going? It's going great. We're having a great time so far already on the fifth year of Longest Night of the Museums, and we're very excited to have you representing the Intrepid. So that was an amazing video. I learned an enormous amount about the stuff that you guys have there. Before we get rolling into Intrepid Trivia, would you do me a favor, tell us a little bit about yourself and about how you came to be involved with the Intrepid?

02:23:22 My name is Mike Fink. I've been with the museum for nearly 10 years now. When I first moved to New York, I didn't know a whole lot about

02:23:32 um world war ii history aerospace history um but a job opened up actually at the gift shop i said i have history degree i'm interested in learning more um and i've been with the museum ever since so actually just this year i had a book published by naval institute press about one of intrepid's fighting squadrons and i'm principally interested in the ship's world war ii history and naval aviation in particular what's that book called

02:23:55 It's called Intrepid's Fighting Squadron 18, Flying High with Harris' Hellcats. Cecil Harris was the Navy's second highest scoring ace of World War II, and he was in this squadron, which was not forgotten, but really didn't get the same level of publicity as some of the other high scoring squadrons that were out there. Sure. Very cool. Never miss an opportunity for a plug, Chat. Never forget that. Okay. Thanks, Mike, for telling us that. By the way, that's an incredible story that you...

02:24:21 Ich weiß nicht mehr über Naval History, aber ich bin wirklich interessiert. Du startet in den Gift Shop und du hast ein Buch. Das ist großartig. Es ist großartig. Es ist immer großartig zu hören, über die Leute takingen einen Schritt in eine neue Richtung und zufrieden. So, well done. Thank you. Especially these days, man. Everybody needs to hear heartwarming stuff like that. Like, yes, okay, success works. All right, so moving on to the Intrepid herself.

02:24:47 Whatever you do, do not let me forget to ask about these incredible aircraft that you have there, because that blew my mind. I had no idea. So we're going to start a little more broadly. What makes the Intrepid Museum unique amongst Naval Museums? What is something that a person would go and walk away from saying, I can't believe I saw this at the Intrepid. You have to go.

02:25:13 Ja, so I think there are a few Essex-Class Carrier Museums out there. They're all great. If you're nearby, you should visit all of them and support your museum ships as you can, whether it's a carrier or battleship or whatever it might be. But what makes Intrepid really interesting and...

02:25:26 Vielen Dank.

02:25:56 von World War Two planes, where parts of the components are fabric, piston engine aircraft, all the way up to Concorde, as you saw, to our A-12 reconnaissance aircraft. So it's got a really great mix of mid 20th century, you know, early pioneering aviation advancements into stuff that today is still pretty mind blowing. Dude, like again, sorry to just go full bro on you there, but I couldn't believe it when I saw in that video. Folks.

02:26:24 They have a Concorde, not just a Concorde, the fastest of the Concords. How does one come into possession of a Concorde?

02:26:33 Well, that's a good question. So that predates my involvement with the museum by a few years. But if you think about where Concord was operating, its main routes flying into JFK to Heathrow and vice versa. So it kind of makes sense for one to be in New York in these two kind of financial centers of the world in an era when, you know, the 1970s, when Concord debuted, this was a main way to do business. This is before the Internet is really connecting everyone and making these transactions much easier.

02:27:02 than it was back then. You could fly, sign the paperwork and be back home, travel both ways across the Atlantic and be back home in time for dinner with your family. So it really changed the game for people who needed to use it for that purpose. Wow, that's just bananas.

02:27:19 The Concorde is living there. It's just crazy. Museums, you guys, I gotta just say, he mentioned specifically, Mike said, that you should go check out all the Essex museums. And he's absolutely right. There are some amazing Essex glass carriers that are in great condition. But, like, any museum that you go to, any naval history or military history museum that you go to, they always have stuff that you don't expect them to have. Like, for example, just a tiny little segue, because I did not expect to see...

02:27:46 an orbiter from NASA, as well as a Concorde at the Intrepid Museum, the Evergreen Air and Space Museum in Oregon, for example. You'd think it's an air and space museum. They have tanks in the parking lot just sitting amongst the cars. You're always going to find cool stuff, even if it's not your forte. So please, please, please, please, if you take anything away from the longest night of the museums, please take away that going to a museum like this is worth it. It's always worth it.

02:28:15 So, thanks for going through those things there. Obviously, the standout or signature items that you have that are especially interesting is going to be things like, yeah, space shuttle, orbiter, and a Concorde, but more specifically in terms of naval warfare, because obviously those are planes and obviously not aircraft that are capable of launching or returning to an SX-class carrier, as funny as that would be.

02:28:41 What would you say, what part of the Intrepid and the museum in general do you feel like demonstrates how naval warfare evolved from similar ships of its period? I know that's pretty specific. I'm sorry to throw you off guard with that. But in terms of its place, the Essex Glass Carrier's place in naval history, where do you think Intrepid fits in? So I think that's a good question. And I think if you visit the museum...

02:29:05 Der Hangar Deck, das ist, wo die Exhibitionen sind, die historie, chronologisch, von dem Start der Schiff, durch die Beschreibung, ist der beste Platz zu gehen, weil es eine mixe von Informationen gibt.

02:29:18 In March of this year, the museum debuted a new refreshed Hangar 1 exhibition. There's lots of comparisons between Essex-class carriers to modern supercarriers. There are a lot of aircraft and artifacts that talk about Intrepid in World War II to Intrepid as an ASW, an anti-submarine warfare carrier, being reactivated as an attack carrier during Vietnam. Intrepid served three tours from 1966 to 1969 in that capacity. So I think if you...

02:29:47 So, wenn du die Hanger Deck Exhibitionen und du wirklich kind of walk, um, von nose-to-tail, von bow-to-stern, you will see, um, you'll see that evolution. You'll see models of the ship in its World War II configuration with dazzle camouflage, and then you'll see in the 1950s when the ship, um, came into New York, actually, Brooklyn Naval Yard, and got the angled, uh,

02:30:10 Und dann sehen wir, was es wie wenn A-4 Skyhawks waren, und wenn, all of a sudden, du hattest Jets, die Werte von Tuch-and-Go landen, wenn es nicht so gut geht, wenn es nicht so gut geht, als es nicht so gut geht, als es nicht so gut geht, als es nicht so gut geht, als es nicht so gut geht, als es nicht so gut geht.

02:30:27 Yeah, you can see some of that, whether it's in video, if it's oral histories embedded in some of these exhibitions, in exhibitions where you can touch these things, tailhooks, arrestor cables. So you can kind of see all of that in the hangar deck of the museum. Yeah, you know, one of the biggest things for a carrier, you touched on it there, is the reality of changing from, obviously, to begin with, aircraft carriers were a game changer. They essentially rendered capital ships.

02:30:54 Jets. Jets. Jets. Jets. Jets.

02:31:22 Pivots to literally the Intrepid had the angled takeoff strip. Sorry, I don't know the terminology for that. Would it just be the takeoff strip? Angled flight deck. Okay, thank you. Suddenly, you've got literally the deck of an aircraft carrier has been reimagined and then refitted to accommodate this advanced technology. Suddenly, you've got touch and go capabilities rather than...

02:31:46 Well, you missed your hook, so say hello to the net. We're going to have you just basically perform a crash landing essentially to catch you. All of this requires incredibly complicated integration, maintenance, and imagination. Are you... Sorry.

02:32:06 I've been talking a lot already today. Are you able to give us any idea, and it's okay if you don't because I know this is so specific, right about what time, what period of naval aviation was it when the angled flight that came in and kind of why? Was it because of the types of aircraft or was it, what goes into that? Do you know? So there's a few things that I would say. The first is that the mid-1950s is when you start to see this. So Intrepid got

02:32:34 um steam catapults which was the change from the hydraulic catapults in the early 1950s and then the mid 50s 56 if memory serves when intrepid got its angled deck so that's the time that you're seeing this changeover and that is corresponding to you know jets becoming the predominant aircraft that would be on these ships you know intrepid even through vietnam continue to have things like the ad1 sky raider which are piston engine aircraft um the e1 tracer and things like that but

02:33:02 By and large, you were seeing the F-8 Crusader, the A-4 Skyhawk. Those are what would be on the Essex's circa the 1960s into 74 when the ship was decommissioned. So those were the major changes. For Intrepid...

02:33:17 und das ist, dass es die Technologie in den 70ern ist, dass es die Technologie weitergeht. So, zum Beispiel, F-4 Phantoms würde nicht haben, Aboard Intrepid, obwohl es in Vietnam gab, nicht A6 Intruders, oder etwas wie das, als eine Funktion von den Hanger decken, oder haben die Space, oder haben die Facilitäts, oder haben die Power genug Catapulten zu launchen.

02:33:42 So mid 1950s is when you're seeing the angle decks on the US carriers. And again, a function of the evolving jet technology. You can even see some of this stuff in the models when you visit the museum. With jets, it's harder to...

02:33:58 Ja, interessant. Obviously, those sort of dual-purpose AA and secondary artillery, they also have the benefit of being able to be trained at the surface to shoot at anything approaching you.

02:34:26 Das bedeutet, dass das irgendwie das, was das als die Secondary Armament geht weg von den Carrieren ist, weil die Leute okay sind, ist, dass die Argumenten ist, dass die Carrier nicht mehr, dass die Carrier nicht mehr, dass sie auf etwas auf den Boden schießt, weil wenn das passiert, dann wird das Schöpfen, dass das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen, dann wird das Schöpfen

02:34:55 But yeah, you also mentioned the difference between something like an F-4 Phantom and like a Skyhawk. A Skyhawk is a very small, very nimble, lightweight fighter, whereas an F-4 Phantom was massive. This is massive, heavy, two-seater aircraft with giant engines designed for speed and payload. And taking off of an aircraft carrier means you either need more power to throw it faster or you need more space. You need more deck space. And as you were saying, at a certain point...

02:35:24 You just can't retrofit an aircraft carrier anymore and you have to redesign the carrier itself around the ordnance to some degree. Would that be a fair thing to say? Yeah, and Intrepid underwent, you know, some pretty radical transformations in the 1950s, but there's only so much you can do. And ultimately...

02:35:42 in terms of the kind of cost-benefit analysis is do you keep pouring money into retrofitting an existing ship or do you have a new ship design that will meet the specifications you want and you can just produce it basically from the ground up so i'm going to speak to the zoomers in the in the chat all right zoomers put down snapchat for a second this is basically like your iphone at a certain point you can't update the software on your iphone 12 anymore you have to just get a new one understand

02:36:11 Good, okay. It's important to speak to the younger generations, Mike. I don't know if you know this or not, but just direct eye contact, speak slowly and clearly, and tell them to put their phones down before you talk to them. That's how it works. The whippersnappers. Yes, I'm 40 now, so I am officially no longer a whippersnapper. So if folks are interested, obviously...

02:36:36 Those of you who remember from having Marco on the stream earlier, Naval Museum Atlas is available for those who are interested in making trips to museums to help find out where things are, what's around them, and to get involved with those. But for those who do want to check out the Intrepid, would you give us a little bit of an idea of how the best way to do that is either to come visit or even maybe to volunteer, since you yourself got a job working for the gift shop and then are obviously in this incredibly awesome position you have now.

02:37:05 Ja, so check out, if you're interested in volunteering, check out our website for sure. There should be links there to get in touch with Ben, who's the volunteer supervisor, and his team. That's actually also where I started in the gift shop and then volunteering back in 2016. It's a great way to get a crash course on all of this information, whether it's from Concord to Growler to Intrepid.

02:37:26 Und dann, wenn du zu besitzen kannst, ich glaube, der Museum hat viele Informationen für, wie viele Stunden hast du zu besitzen? Was willst du sehen? Was hast du auf der Seite? Und ich würde sagen, wenn du in der Stadt bist, die beste Weg zu gehen, weil es auf der westen Seite der Hudson ist, take ein Uber oder so. Die Subway-System ist nicht so weit weg, wenn du die 7 und dann walkst du ein bisschen.

02:37:53 Just as a plug for the museum and to give you a sense of what's around, the High Line is there, you know, the West Side Highway and beautiful walks from pier to pier are there with some other installations and artifacts and cool sort of cultural spaces to see. So when you come out to the museum, you know, spend the whole day on the west side of Manhattan on the Hudson because you're liable to see a lot of really cool stuff. That is really cool. I wish that I had made it over there last time I was in Manhattan, but...

02:38:21 Manhattan's a very big place, guys. So like we were talking about, make sure you have something that you want to see when you go there so that you don't waste your time. And if I can make a recommendation, the Naval Museum of USS Intrepid. Because, damn, they've got a space shuttle and they've got a Concorde in addition to an aircraft carrier. Like, what else could you ask for? It's hard to say. Mike, we're going to have to wrap up here because we have to transition real quick. But it has been an absolute pleasure.

02:38:48 Thank you so much for donating your time to chat with us and for providing us with the video. Thanks for giving us the opportunity. And like you said, take the time. You could spend three, four hours. You could spend all day at the museum. There's so much to see. So I hope some of you guys come out and enjoy it. And next time Worship sends me over there, I'll make sure to stop in and say hi and bring you guys some bonus codes. Sounds good. All right. Take care, Mike. Thank you.

02:39:20 Untertitelung des ZDF für funk, 2017

02:39:52 Can I fire myself, Kaishu?

02:39:55 He's over there laughing. I'm sorry, guys. I'm trying to stay hydrated and all I have are these bubbly, sparkly water things. Okay. For those of you who don't know, USS Midway is in San Diego, California. It's not too far away from the convention center where TwitchCon happens. It's also very near the Top Gun bar. So you can, in fact, go there, see just how small it is, and get a t-shirt because it's really cool. That being said,

02:40:25 Let's throw to the USS Midway video and enter the danger zone!

02:42:47 We are here now with our rep from the USS Midway, Carl. Hi, Carl. Hi, Joey. How's it going? It's going very, very well. And for those of you that don't know what you're looking at, you are looking at the hangar deck of the USS Midway in the background there, which is very cool. Thanks for getting that in the shot. Yeah. Greetings from partly cloudy San Diego today.

02:43:09 No worries, man. Partly cloudy is just fine for us. So thank you very much for joining us here on the live stream. USS Midway obviously located in San Diego, California. A little overcast today, but no worries. You have a ceiling. You have a roof. So I guess for the starters, let's obviously there are a lot of Naval Museum ships. There are a lot of aircraft carrier Naval Museum ships, and there are a lot of Essex class carriers. However.

02:43:34 The Midway is a Midway. So would you do us a favor? Would you let us know a little bit about the Midway that makes it unique from some of the Essex-class carrier ships? Oh, sure. Well, Midway is the lead ship of only a three-ship class of aircraft carriers, and they're actually the first carriers to be designed after the collapse of the Washington Naval Treaty.

02:43:58 Das hat Arbitrary Tonnage Restrictions. So, was that meant for Midway in the late 1930s, the start of the 1940s, was that this was going to be designed where we could retain the large air groups that American Carrier Doctrine had favored heading into World War II, but still having enough tonnage available to have an armored flight deck and other armored decks.

02:44:21 Midway was going to be the aircraft carrier category contribution to this post treaty super fleet that naval designers wanted to have. That included the Fletcher class 2000 ton destroyers and the Montana class super battleship. That is awesome. So he touched on something super important there, guys, which I want to I want to not lose it by skipping over it, which is.

Diskussion über Flugzeugträger-Design und Doktrin im Zweiten Weltkrieg

02:44:45

02:44:45 Being the first aircraft carrier designed essentially post-London Naval Treaty. Is it London Naval Treaty or Washington Naval Treaty? Post-Washington Treaty is a more relevant one. Essentially what he touched on there was the notion of American carriers favored large flight groups over armored flight decks. Now you may, for those of you obviously who play World of Warships, you will know there are a number of aircraft carriers, the Essex classes and the Lexington classes as well.

02:45:12 They have big flight groups, they don't have armored decks versus the British carriers, for example, which do have armored decks, but they have slightly fewer resources in that regard. That was a doctrinal thing. So what he's saying is that the Midway was the first that said, why not both? So you have a massive carrier group, you have a massive air group, as well as the armor protection of the deck. And stop me if I'm wrong, because I'm often wrong. One of the things that...

02:45:36 The U.S. carriers sort of went, okay, if we're not going to have an armored flight deck, we're going to have highly trained, highly specialized, highly efficient damage control crews. Is that about right? Well, it's always a tradeoff when you're designing anything. It could be a tank design. It could be a fighter aircraft.

02:45:53 Or an aircraft carrier and the Japanese and American navies were planning to fight a Trans Pacific war with few land air bases to rely on. And so both navies for their own reasons embraced having large air groups, but sacrificing the tonnage you need for protection. The Royal Navy had a completely different problem because in those years.

02:46:18 We're talking 1920s, 1930s. The Royal Air Force owned all military aviation in Britain, including the Fleet Air Arm. And guess who was at the bottom of the R&D priorities in those tight interwar budgets? It was carrier airbags in the British.

02:46:35 The Royal Navy still owned the ships and guess what? They're operating off continental Europe in the Mediterranean or in home waters where there are lots of air bases for an opponent to fly from. So they had to make the best of a bad situation and they deliberately opted to sacrifice space and tonnage on their ships to up armor their new carrier designs and also that explains why they went to war with biplanes still on their flight decks.

02:47:04 Die Briten mussten wir in eine ganz andere Richtung gehen, weil sie auf die Begriffe und die Begriffe waren. Aber für die Amerikaner, es bedeutet ja, wir haben die Hitting-Power von einem Offensive Air Group. So, therefore, wir werden wooden flightdecks, wir werden engine rooms, wo viel der Maschinen ist, weil wir nicht die Tonnage haben, von treaty.

02:47:32 zu haben, dass alles gut verabschiedet wurde. Und so, was du hast, ist all die, um, durch die Essex-Klasse, haben wir, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden, um, die Verabschieds-Klasse zu verabschieden.

02:47:58 Hey, that wasn't a problem. We're going to get around to widening the canal anyway, right? So basically, the sky's the limit for naval designers. And as it turns out, they overbuilt the Midway. She had so many compartments. And below our third deck, you can't go laterally across compartments. You have to go up.

02:48:20 um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um,

02:48:36 So even as early as 1945, when she was commissioned, they were complaining about how cramped the Midways were. So they really went overboard in trying to come up with a battle-resistant...

02:48:50 Das ist so funny. Es ist so interessant, dass du sagen, wie krampig die Inside fühlen.

02:49:08 Wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat, wenn man das Gefühl hat.

Erfahrungen auf der USS Midway und bemerkenswerte Ausstellungsstücke

02:49:31

02:49:31 Und du hast einen Sekunden zu nehmen und dann wirst du dich, ich habe ein paar Sekunden gedreht. Es ist wirklich unglaublich. Die wirkliche Sache, dass es auf der San Diego ist, bedeutet, dass wenn du auf der Flugdeck auf der Flugdeck bist, ich bin da übrigens. Wenn du auf der Flugdeck bist, du fühlst dich in die Skyline. Du bist jetzt hier in der Flugdeck. Du bist jetzt Teil der San Diego.

02:49:54 You can look off into the bay in one direction, you can look up into the city. It's just astounding and there's nothing else quite like it. So that's very interesting that even though this is such a huge ship, it still feels cramped because of the amount of stuff that they were trying to cram into it. So I've seen...

02:50:13 The aircraft on the flight deck, obviously, I've seen, I've been, I've had my tour down into the bowels of the ship, so to speak. What are some of the standout or signature things about Midway that you feel like a person would walk away going, that was incredible? It could be exhibits, it could be, you know, units and things you have up on the deck, or it could even just be what I was saying. It could be, you'd just be floored by the size of it.

02:50:38 Ja, es ist wirklich eine andere Welt, wenn man abonnt. Wir haben über 30 Erkraften, auf der Exhibit, auf dem Flugzeug, das ist 4 Acres von Steele, und natürlich ein paar, wie Sie hier sehen, auf der Hangar Deck, als auch. Wir also zeigen, dass ein Significant Percentage der Schiff ist.

02:50:58 So we've really made it a point to try and get as much of the city at sea experience across to our public without going into replicating spaces. But you can have everything from the island where the bridge is located, primary flight control, which is like a control tower at an airport.

02:51:20 als auch über die Katapulten und wie zu bringen, mit einem Arrested Landing zu bringen. Und sehen, wie ein Laundry, etwas Mundane, aber es ist etwas gargantuan, auf eine Kapital-Ship. Gleiches für die Galley. Imagine stepping into eine Kitchen, wo du hast drei Meals, eine 4,500-Mann-Crew, jeden Tag.

02:51:47 oder zu gehen in unsere Ingenie-Rooms und auch zu sehen, unsere Extended Exhibit auf der Engineering-Departement und Firefighting-At-Sea, in einer sehr vivid Erfahrung zu haben, auf ein Warschiff auf ein Warschiff. Aber in den nächsten Wochenende, wir werden noch eine neue Exhibit auf der Carrier-Intel-System geben, weil du eigentlich nicht in ein Jet jumpst.

02:52:15 Was ist die Natur der Target? Wie ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen? Was ist die Routen geflogen?

02:52:35 Das ist fantastisch. Die Flight Simulator. Ich habe meine erste Flight Simulator.

02:53:04 Es war super. Ich weiß nicht, ob ihr euch, aber es war able zu machen. Und ich habe die Hälfte aus meiner Frau, weil sie dachte ich werde. Aber es ist wirklich cool, wenn du eine Chance hast. Es ist so schwer zu finden, wie das. A physical Flight Simulator.

02:53:20 It's a great place to do it is literally on an aircraft carrier. Yeah, you get 360 motion on two different axes and you control the flight. That's awesome. It's so cool. It's really like you will actually, it kind of makes you queasy just because you're not really going anywhere, but you really do feel like you are. So that's great. Thank you so much for sharing those things there. I'm a little curious. You mentioned the crew complement being about 4,500.

Betrieb und Evolution der USS Midway

02:53:46

02:53:46 In terms of living conditions, obviously this is an aircraft carrier. It's not all hands on deck, obviously, but at all times of the day, an aircraft carrier is alert, it is aware, and it is ready for action. So, I mean, in terms of how many people at a time are working, what would you say is the average number of people, sorry, when it was in service, who would be active at any given time?

02:54:10 Das ist eine gute Frage, besonders nach 1945, das ist natürlich auch wenn die Midway war.

02:54:16 Aircraft carriers in the modern age never really shut down. You're just as busy with night flight operations as you are with daytime. And so the Air Department, which is a part of the crew's complement, as well as the Embark Air Wing, which is a separate set of people, are very active during the nighttime. So you could wind up having perhaps half the crew active at any particular time.

02:54:44 Also, we talked a little bit about the evolution of naval warfare. We talked a little bit about the service history of the Midway.

02:55:08 Are there any parts in the museum that you feel like are good examples of how naval technology and general warfare have evolved throughout the Midway's lifetime? Anything there? Yes, in fact, we have an exhibit that illustrates that because I can probably argue favorably that the Midway is probably...

02:55:30 Die meisten Modified Warship in Active Duty history. Sie evolved from a straight deck to an angle deck in the 50s, and then an even bigger angle in 1966-70. And she also saw immense modifications to her defensive armament. So we went from 5-inch 51 gun mounts to 3-inch 50 twins, and then eventually

02:55:56 der Beepedemus Box Launcher für Standard Missile und der Close-In Weapon System. Der Seawiz. Der Seawiz, ja. So, basically, Midway ist der sehr embodiment von wie Technologie evolved so rapidly von World War II Basic Design.

02:56:16 All the way up through retrofitting to extend her life to the end of the 20th century. They had a rather controversial modification to her hull in 1987 that was intended to extend her life into 2000. Wow. Nobody expected the Cold War to end so suddenly at the end of that decade. And so she suddenly became a surplus. I see. And that's how we end up with a museum ship.

02:56:45 I've been fortunate enough to visit quite a few for the purposes of my occupation. I will say that the Midway is the most thorough, polished, and up-to-date in terms of how

02:57:00 The experience is. You guys almost caught me. I almost walked away with a naval aviator's jacket from the gift shop last time I was there. So you guys have a really, really impressive setup going on there and it's always a pleasure to work with you folks. Before we finish up here, may I ask you if you have an anecdote, a favorite anecdote about the ship or about the museum?

Die USS Midway als Museum und kulturelles Wahrzeichen

02:57:26

02:57:26 Well, basically, we were very fortunate in getting the Midway because we were originally going for the Ranger. I've been with this group for 30 years now, and we quickly shifted sites over to the Midway, and I'm glad we did because this is a transitional representation.

02:57:44 So she's a unique specimen to preserve along those lines for future generations to learn from and enjoy. So having that serving as well here in the future generations, but to have something that is a special part of San Diego, because I can't pay

02:58:07 Vielen Dank.

02:58:28 who volunteer and work here, drawn from our community. So in many ways, San Diego and the Midway are complementary to one another because San Diego is the city the Navy built in the 20th century. And so the Midway is a perfect way of conferring that as a public attraction here on the Embarcadero.

02:58:50 Throwing appreciation back to the community. Well done, Carl. You have my vote for Mayor of Midway. That was very good. I appreciate that as a video host. Then there's one last thing, which I hope if those of you listening haven't already decided that making a trip to the USS Midway is definitely something to do. What are the two movies that you folks screen on the... Well, we're very fortunate, of course, with...

02:59:16 San Diego's unique relationship to carrier aviation. So when the Top Gun movie came out, it was centered at Naval Air Station Miramar, which is now our Marine Corps station. But the ties to carrier aviation and San Diego and her local population is so strong that when we show the original Top Gun movie, we actually have folks lining up on the pier.

02:59:40 waiting for the museum to close its normal business hours so they could come aboard with their folding chairs and get a really prime spot on our flight deck that's so cool yeah i just i'm staring at this line that just stretches along the length of the pier yeah you gotta be kidding me but it turns out people really love the environment of being on the flight deck watching a carrier movie with all kinds of local geographical mentions and dialogues every time

03:00:07 A city street name or Miramar is mentioned, the crowd breaks out in applause and all that, bouncing the rubber balls back and forth and all that. Really having a grand time.

03:00:18 Sie sind auf der Flugdecke in der Evening Dampen, die in ihren eigenen Hosen lieben. Aber sie lieben, dass sie in einem Film lieben, was San Diego war in den 1980s war. Location, location, location, mein Freund. So, das ist fantastisch. Und das ist einfach so, dass Sie die movie Top Gun von dem Deck von den US-Midwayen und dann gehen und haben eine celebratorische Drink auf die Bar, die in den Original Top Gun, die nicht zu weit entfernt.

03:00:49 You bet. In fact, we're fortunate in having a Tom Cruise lookalike, who started as a street performer right behind the ship, who likes to make special appearances to really make this exciting. You were asking for an anecdote. The very first time we showed the Top Gun event, we actually had a cosplayer, a costume player, show up as Goose, and he really looked like Goose. And of course, then we had Jerome, our Tom Cruise lookalike.

03:01:14 Das Cosplayer wurde aus der Linie geöffnet und die Linie geöffnet wurden auf der Linie geöffnet und die Linie geöffnet wurde in der Linie geöffnet und die Linie geöffnet wurde in den L-shape und nach den Arresten-Gear-Wires für die Linie geöffnet wurde. Das ist fantastisch. Was war die Frage von Chat? Die Frage ist, wie viele Leute visiten...

03:01:39 Okay, so we had a question about attendance. I hope you're allowed to say. A person in chat was curious to know about what your monthly attendance is and whether it's mostly Americans or whether they're folks visiting. Well, it varies from...

03:01:55 Month to month, basically because there are tour seasons for people who go out and travel. So the best firm number I can give you is that for over a decade now, we have now been clearing routinely over 1 million visitors each year. Wow. Okay. That blew my mind right there. That's amazing.

03:02:15 Das ist toll, weil das gut für die Gesundheit der Midway ist, aber auch von Navalmuseums in generell. Oh ja. Das ist toll, dass du in der Winter-Holiday-Week, zwischen Weihnachten und Weihnachten und Weihnachten, wir können 6,000 Menschen auf dem Schiff auf jeden Tag geben. Das ist toll. Das ist toll. Ich habe ein Bellen, Karl. Das bedeutet, dass wir das aufhören?

03:02:38 I know what that means. Top of the hour. Okay. Well, that means that we got to head off to our next museum ship. But it's been a pleasure, Carl. Thank you very much for taking time to join us. And thank you for all the hard work you do keeping Naval History alive. It's our pleasure. Thank you. Alrighty. Take care.

03:03:11 Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, good. I'm a professional, guys.

03:03:18 You don't see Legionnaire laughing, but I do. Alright, so that was the USS Midway. Oh man, we got some spicy guests today. This is great. You guys, I need you to understand that I do this for a living and every day I wake up and I'm like, how is this possible that I get to talk to awesome people about this? Well, it's going to get better because our next guest and our next partner that we're going to be speaking with is from a...

Ankündigung einer Zusammenarbeit mit HistoryHit.TV und einer Debatte zwischen Mensch und KI

03:03:45

03:03:45 Well, I guess we would call them a media company, which is HistoryHit.TV. Now, I'm really, really excited for this because I have liked their content for years prior to this moment. So coming up soon, what we're going to do is we're going to have a guest join us. Remember earlier when I said we would have a real live British person coming on and they would help us by determining...

03:04:10 Finally, once and for all, whether it's leisure or leisure. I think I know what he's going to say, and I think I know what I'm going to say. We might have to have a battle about it. But we're going to be doing something extremely important with this British person, which is we're going to have them debate. That's right, debate. We're going to have our British historian debate AI. Specifically, the Bismarck, right?

03:04:39 Yes, the Bismarck. I'm going to say that as many times as I can throughout the stream. So when we come back, we're going to watch a video from History Hit. We did a collaboration with them where they rated the most overrated battleships in World War II. You will have feelings about this if you know our product at all. If you know history at all, you will definitely have feelings. But we...

03:05:07 If you have feelings, please tell us in the chat what you think about their choices. It is hosted by the one, the only Dan Snow, whom I really have enjoyed watching his work over the years. So I'm excited I finally get to say hi to him and meet him. So that's what we're going to do first. We're going to go ahead and watch HistoryHit.TV's Most Overrated Battleships. And when we come back, we'll speak directly with Dan. And we will have our AI debate with the help of Legionnaire.

03:05:35 Today, in collaboration with my favourite video game, World of Warships, which I don't mind admitting, once the kids are in bed, sneak downstairs and play for a couple of hours, we are going to rate the greatest battleships ever built. Yes, we are going there. We're talking battle wagons, the Castles of Steel, the greatest World War II battleships. Now everyone's got a favourite. We're all going to disagree on this. Let's keep it calm. Let's keep it friendly. This is just a harmless bit of fun.

03:06:05 An expression that no one ever said about USS Missouri. Right, let's do this. I've chosen eight of the greatest battle wagons ever random. They're just eight ships that I've got a particular connection with. And I've made up three categories, and I'll be rating them best to worst. First of all, the most obvious category, specifications. They're kind of paper strength, so speed, armament, weight of broadside, all that kind of stuff. Secondly...

03:06:33 Their contribution to world history. Just what role do they play in the war? How important were they? And lastly, I'm just going to go with the gut. Fear factor. How awesome are these ships? And I'm going to lay them out on this beautiful high-tech tier list. You recognise this. D for the worst, A for the best, but a special tier, S. If we feel that any of these ships are so iconic, they need their own category.

03:07:00 First of all, though, let's do a little bit of housekeeping. Let's talk terms here. Obviously, ships have been involved in war for as long as there have been ships or war. But for most people, when they hear the word battleship, they think of the castles of steel that fought in the great wars of the 20th century, the First and especially the Second World War.

03:07:23 Now, of course, there were armor-plated ships going way back. There were some in the American Civil War. There were many through the late 19th vessels. But for today, we're going to be focusing on the pinnacle of evolution of the big gun battleship. We're going to be looking at the giant that slugged it out during the Second World War. All of these mighty battle wagons were designed by a particular power to do a particular job, sometimes in a particular ocean or just...

03:07:52 So, of course, there are lots of compromises involved. I like to think sometimes of something like a triangle. You've got firepower. Punch. How hard can a ship hit? You've got speed. How fast can it get in and out of action? And then...

03:08:09 You've got protection, its defenses, the armor placing on the decks, the thickness of the armor belt around the hull, even the special compartments around the waterline and below it trying to protect against torpedoes. And you can't be perfect at all three of those things. So all of these ships fit somewhere on that triangle. Are they going to be maximized for speed or for sheer punch?

03:08:33 You might hear me get a little bit carried away and talk about classes of battleship. Well, a class is a group of ships built pretty much to the same spec, and they're named after the first in its class. Bismarck class, Iowa class. That just means that those ships were the first in a batch that were produced to a very similar design. Now, let's get into it. I cannot believe I get to do this as a job.

Dan Snow bewertet Schlachtschiffe des Zweiten Weltkriegs

03:08:59

03:08:59 First up, because we're going oldest to newest, is the grand old lady herself, HMS Warspite.

03:09:11 Built in 1915, at the height of Britannia's naval domination of the world, she is one of the Queen Lizzie class of super dreadnought battleships. She was revolutionary at the time. Oil fired rather than coal. She displaces nearly 37,000 tons. So actually she's the second lightest on the list. Her main armament was extraordinary for the time. She had eight super firing 15 inch guns.

03:09:40 Each capable of shooting an armor-piercing shell nearly a ton in weight. Her top speed was around 23.5 knots, which is one of the slowest ships I'll be talking about today, but that's to be expected. She's a grand old lady. She served for 30 years through the greatest wars humanity ever fought. Her resume, simply unprecedented. Nothing can compete.

03:10:06 Sie war in der Battle of Jutland in den Sommer 1916, der größte Battleship-Clash in der Geschichte ist. Her 13-Inch Armour took a pounding from the Germans, aber sie never gave up, und sie gab es gut als sie got. In der Second World War, sie wrecked shock during the Norwegian Campaign. Sie smashed a bunch of German destroyers at Narvik. Her Floatplane was the first aircraft ever to sink a submarine, a U-Boat. In the Battle of Calabria off the coast of Italy,

03:10:34 Sie managed to set a world record. Sie hit an Italian ship at 24 km range. That hit persuaded the Italian admiral to head home as quickly as possible. Slightly later in the war, at the Battle of Matapan, she smashed some Italian cruisers and fundamentally changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean. She was part of the bombardment force that took the war to the Italian mainland in 1944 and helped knock Italy out of the war.

03:11:03 Sie hat eine terrible beating in return, insbesondere von German aircraft, aber sie war ziemlich unsinkable. Auf D-Day, June 6, 1944, Warspike war arguably die erste Allied-Ship zu öffnen, auf die Beaches des Normandies. Sie hat eine Mine, kurz nach D-Day, aber das nicht stopt. So Warspike managed to survive 30 Jahre, nicht nur von der meisten extraordinarily intensiven Warfare in der Geschichte, sondern auch von einem Zeitraum von rapidem Evolution in War at Sea.

03:11:32 Warspite ist sicherlich eine der größten Schiffe in der Geschichte der Royal Navy und das sagt etwas, wenn nicht in der Welt historie. Als für Fear Faktor, ich denke, wie das Italian Admiral, wenn du dich in Warspite eingestellt hast, denkst du twice.

03:11:49 As you might be able to guess, I'm a big fan of Warspite. I am British. I love the Royal Navy and its history. There are bigger ships on this list. There are ships that pack a bigger punch. There are faster ships. But there are few ships that can compete with the service that was rendered by HMS Warspite. Come at me, but I'm placing this in S-tier.

03:12:26 Next up it's USS Arizona.

03:12:36 Built in a hurry, she was commissioned in 1960. She was one of a slew of super dreadnought battleships, built to prove that the USA was now a power on the world stage. At the time she was built, she was regarded pretty much as the most powerful ship afloat. She's the lightest of the big battle wagons I'm going to be talking about in this film. She weighed just 32,000 tons. But when it comes to big guns, she had more than any of the other ships. She had 12 14-inch guns.

03:13:05 Bristling with firepower. She was slow, maximum speed 21 knots. Arizona served for 25 years. She stayed stateside during the First World War, but she took Woodrow Wilson, US President, over to Paris, what we call the Versailles Peace Treaty. Then she went around the world showing the flag, flexing on behalf of the American government. But probably her most famous entry in maritime history is her tragic end.

03:13:34 On 7 December 1941, Arizona was alongside in Pearl Harbor, the base of the US Pacific Fleet in Hawaii. A surprise attack by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft on 7 December destroyed Arizona after a catastrophic internal explosion. She still lies on the seabed of Pearl Harbor, a monument both to that day of infamy and the men who died aboard.

03:14:01 It's an incredibly moving place to visit even today. I've been lucky enough to be present as survivors of the Arizona who died many years later of natural causes have asked for their remains to be placed alongside their wartime comrades. So how to place USS Arizona? On its own, it's definitely not the most striking warship on this list. It fired a much smaller broadside than some and it was slower, less well armoured.

03:14:29 But it did play a significant part in maritime history. I think this is beating. Next up, our first German ship. It's the Scharnhorst.

03:14:59 The Führer himself, Adolf Hitler, was present when Scharnhorst was launched. He was proud of this ship, but I'm not so sure he should have been. Its guns are of the smallest calibre of any on the list. It has nine 11-inch guns. Hot guns compared to some. It weighed in at around 39,000 tonnes, which makes it one of the lightest that we'll be talking about today. But it did make up for that in speed. 31 knots, top speed.

03:15:28 When the Germans built ships, they had to be able to run away at pace. Now, I've got to admit, Scharnhorst does look pretty cool, but looks can be deceiving. Those bows were not well designed for the heavy seas of the North Atlantic. Time after time, she'd be ploughing through big waves and ship so much water over those bows that she would flood her forward turret, making them unable to fire those guns. Scharnhorst did most of its best work in the Norwegian campaign of 1939. She did score a hit.

03:15:57 auf einer British Aircraft Carrier. At extrem range. Das ist die Rival der Welt record von HMS Warspien, ehrlich gesagt. So das war sehr impressive. Aber später in der war, sie wurde annihiliert. At der Battle of the North Cape. Auf Boxing Day 1943, die British battleship, Duke of York, beat ihr black and blue. Und sie wurde mit einem Escort-Vessels geöffnet. Wie sind wir zu ranken Scharnhorst?

03:16:25 I'm not a huge fan, but to be fair, that hit on the British Carrier was exceptional. And that, pretty much that alone, means that it scrapes in with a C.

03:16:50 Next up, just to show how even-handed I am, will include a French ship. The Richelieu.

03:17:01 This was a very, very slow build. In fact, it was commissioned into the French Navy a couple of days before the French surrendered to the Nazis in the Second World War. Bad timing. Around 45,000 tonnes, so very mid-table. Its guns, pretty big, 15 inches. It's only got eight of them. It's pretty speedy. It could hit 32 knots, and that's really why it was built. It was designed to hunt down the cruisers that Nazi Germany was building. This was never...

03:17:28 A super-heavyweight battleship. Her engines, you'll be glad to hear, were made in Britain, so I'm giving her marks for that. Suddenly came word, the Nazis speeding to take over. As soon as the French surrendered, she steamed down to West Africa to a French colony with a lot of gold on board. The French colonial authorities then faced a decision. Should they just hand Richelieu, France's newest, shiniest battleship, over to the British and the Free French? Should they keep hold of it there, or perhaps they should even send it?

03:17:58 ...to join the German Navy. What would they do? In the end the British really helped them make that decision. And the Royal Navy paid the biggest compliment they could to the Richelieu... ...in that they went to great efforts to sink it. Richelieu, built to take on Hitler's cruisers... ...ended up firing its first shot at the British Royal Navy. In September 1940 at the Battle of Dakar... ...as the British tried to neutralise Richelieu and other vessels.

03:18:26 Eventually, the French saw sense, and Richelieu was handed over to the Allies. It went to New York for repairs. In all it served for 27 years, it didn't go back into service in time to play a part in the Pacific War, and it was part of the ineffective French effort to bring Indochina, Vietnam, back under the French imperial wing. It's a nice-looking ship. I like the layout. The unconventional twin super-firing turrets up forward, each with four 15-inch guns. But...

03:18:54 Es gab nicht wirklich den Niedel auf globalen naval warfare. Es ist eine C-Warte. Next up ist das, was ihr all been waiting for. No list of Battlewagons ist complete without the legendary Bismarck.

03:19:26 Bismarck ist die most mythologische Battleship in 20th-Century Naval History. Aber bevor ich zu all das komme, ich muss über die Stats gehen. Sie hat 50,000 Tonnen, so top half unserer List. Sie war, auf der Zeit, die größte Battleship ever launched von Europäischen Power. Bismarck mounten acht 15-Inch Guns, so by no means near the top of the list. Each of its Guns could fire, say, an einem Piercing Shell, weighing in at about 800 Kilograms. Well, das sind die größten Battleships, die wir jetzt sprechen.

03:19:56 Das war über eine Tonne. Es kann mit einem Top-Speed von 31-knoten. Also, mit dem Tafel, nichts zu sagen. Warum hat Bismarck die größte Reputation von einem Schiff überhaupt? Partei, weil die Royal Navy geholfen hat, um es zu erklären, dass Bismarck hat eine lucky und fatal hit, auf einer der Royal Navy's finest Schiff, HMS Hood. Das hat ledet zu einer Katastrophicin-Explosion in Hood, um es zu den BOTTOM.

03:20:25 tragically, with nearly all its crew. The Royal Navy needed Bismarck to be this unimaginable super battleship in order to explain away their failure to upgrade the armoured deck on HMS Hood. It also made it sound cooler when the Royal Navy did manage to destroy Bismarck, which of course they did in May 1941. And that brings us to the problem with Bismarck. Its service history was less than 10 days. It went out into the North Atlantic.

03:20:53 It destroyed HMS Hood, fair enough. Gave the Prince of Wales a nasty scare by hitting it with a few shells, some of which didn't explode. But after that engagement, Prince of Wales was operational again within two hours. Eventually Bismarck was hunted down and smashed by the Royal Navy. I'll grant the Bismarck this. It took a hell of a beating. But there's more to being a great battleship than staying afloat when it's on fire. So, how do we rank Bismarck?

03:21:23 Am I biased? Yes, I am. But I can't help thinking that this is a ship with a reputation that far outstretches its actual real-world ability to influence the war at sea. I'm afraid, folks. I'm giving it a D.

03:21:55 Up next, it's the most monstrous battleship ever built. It's the Japanese Yamato.

03:22:06 You run out of superlative to describe the specifications of this behemoth. It is the heaviest ship on our list. It displaces 73,000 tonnes. Its main armament is mind-boggling. Nine 18-inch guns. It's broadside, so the total weight of shot fired from its main guns was twice that of Bismarck. Partly as a result of that, it is super slow.

03:22:35 Es hat 27 ktsch, was es schneller als eine andere Battleship launchiert. Und die Führungskraft war verrückt. In ein paar Worte, es war die sehr pinnacelte von Big Gun Battleship design. Es ist wirklich awesome. Die Problem ist, dass es ein bisschen wie ein Dinosaur war. Ich hätte sagen das, aber diese Big Battlewagons waren zu den historischen Büchern. Es war der Wrong Ship.

03:23:04 ...to do the wrong job at the wrong time in the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was unable to take part in the battle for Guadalcanal because of its enormous fuel consumption. Guadalcanal Airport, the tiny patch of land for which Japan has sacrificed a fleet of warships and thousands of fighting men, still bristles with United States bombers. It did stretch its legs and showed us what it could do on the 25th of October 1944 off.

03:23:32 Saymar Island in the Philippine Sea. It absolutely smoked the incredibly brave little US destroyer, the Johnston. Johnston, which looked like a toy compared to Yamato, was grazed by those big 18-inch shells and then had its superstructure smashed to pieces by Yamato's secondary arms. It took astonishing punishment. Yamato then successfully struck a US carrier and sank another destroyer.

03:24:00 In the end, it had to retreat because of US airpower. The next time Yamato was in the thick of battle, well, it was a suicide mission. She'd been instructed to head to Okinawa, where a battle was raging for the island. There she would scuttle herself and just act as a giant gun platform. She never made it. Yamato was set upon by swarms of carrier-borne US aircraft. It took...

03:24:25 An astonishing beating. There are at least eleven confirmed torpedo strikes on Yamato and six bombs. Under these hammer blows she sank on the 7th of April 1945. It was said that the fate of the Japanese Empire itself was tied up with that ship and in fact that turned out to be true. It is an astonishing piece of battleship design. The world will never see anything like it ever again.

03:24:53 Yamato ist eine Kultur-Icon in Japan, eine source von enormen Frieden. Die Japaner gezeigt haben, dass sie die Europäer ausbilden. Sie können sie mit ihren eigenen Spiel und produzieren einen Astonischen Super-Battleship machen. Aber Sie können einfach nicht ein A-Grade oder above geben, zu einem Schiff, die sich umgekehrt zu werden, die sich umgekehrt zu werden, die sich umgekehrt zu werden, die sich umgekehrt zu werden, die sich umgekehrt zu werden, die sich umgekehrt zu werden. Ich glaube...

03:25:22 Yamato's getting a B. Next up, it is the awesome pinnacle of the USA's battleship fleet. It's the Iowa.

03:25:48 Iowa war erst in its class, commissioned in 1943, deep into the Second World War, and the Americans weren't messing. It displaces 58,000 tonnes, which is the second biggest on our list. It mounted nine 16-inch guns in its main armament. Not quite as heavy a punch as Yamato, but much bigger than everybody else. Its weight of fire dwarfs Bismarck's. It's well armoured.

03:26:17 Und ihre Top Speed war 33 knotts. So sie ist groß, sie ist powerful und sie ist die Fastest Ship auf unserer Liste. Ich bin an Board von Missouri und sie präuchten, die kleinen, kleinen, kleinen, kleinen, kleinen, wo ein Japanese kamikaze aircraft smashed into, und caused sehr little damage. Throughout the remainder of the Pacific War, Iowa's big guns made life very, very unpleasant indeed. In fact, untenable.

03:26:43 for many Japanese defenders from the Marshall Islands to the Japanese homeland. Iowa also survived a massive typhoon with very limited damage, a typhoon that was strong enough to sink and cripple several other ships.

03:27:01 A violent typhoon whips at Admiral Halsey's 3rd Fleet, as winds ranging up to 138 mph, for the second time in less than six months, our fleet has been caught in a typhoon common in the China Seas. Iowa came agonizingly close to really showing what it could do in ship-on-ship actions when it almost intercepted the Japanese fleet at Leyte Gulf, but they just gave it the slip. In 1945, Iowa was present at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay.

03:27:30 Flagship of one of America's greatest admins, Bull Halsey. It went through periods of commissioning and decommissioning. It served in the Korean War, for example, and it was only finally retired in 1990. Alleged. This is one of those pretty simple decisions. Iowa is awesome. It's A-tier.

03:28:06 Now, how else are you going to finish off a list of the greatest 20th century battle wagons? Obviously, it's got to be the last mighty battleship produced by the US Navy. It's the Missouri.

03:28:24 The same class as Iowa, so the same stats, nine 16-inch guns, extraordinary liquid-filled compartments to reduce the impact of torpedoes. It was a masterpiece. It weighs in at around 58,000 tonnes, which also makes it second on our list of battleships. Like the Iowa, it's capable of hitting 33 knots, it's fast, it's powerful. It took part in those titanic clashes at the end of the Pacific War.

03:28:53 It bombarded Iwo Jima, providing essential fire support for the U.S. Marines, who were fighting so hard ashore. It bombarded Okinawa. It hit the Japanese home islands. And its importance is reflected in the fact that the final Japanese surrender, the end of World War II, took place on its deck in Tokyo Bay.

03:29:19 Das war ist vorbei. Peace ist hier.

03:29:48 It fought in the Korean War, was decommissioned in 1955, but was brought back into service in the 80s, and those big guns roared again off the coast of Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm as the Allies drove Saddam Hussein's Iraqi army out of Kuwait. It is an iconic ship. That's why it was selected by Steven Sehgal for Under Siege.

03:30:18 This beautiful ship, the Missouri, it's S-Tier.

03:30:39 Vielen Dank, Leute. Ich hoffe, ihr habt es auch. Bitte like und schreibt. Und natürlich, ich erwarte, dass Sie sich nicht mit mir sagen können, was Sie wissen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen, was Sie sehen.

03:31:05 Bonus content in the game. And I'll see you out there on the high seas.

03:31:22 Okay, well, so we had some thoughts. We had some thoughts while watching that. I watched this seven months ago when it came out, and I remember going, ah, that's an interesting choice. Seven months ago? Yeah. How do you experience time? Because the video was released seven months ago. Oh, I don't think it was that long ago. It says on the YouTube video seven months ago. Seven months ago. Seven months.

03:31:48 Wo ist, ja, wo habe ich, was hier ist es? Ich bin mit dem Seitz, fellas. Okay, so we'll have Dan hier in just a minute. We're waiting for him to get set up, and then in the meantime, well, I guess the first question we're going to be asking him is, what ship or ship class was overrated during the war? However, however, we could talk about that video, because we saw that many of you had some thoughts, perhaps? We could, actually, as well.

Giveaway-Ankündigung und Diskussion über die Video-Bewertung

03:32:16

03:32:16 I think we're almost at the halfway point. And I still have two more little shiny things. This one's kind of cool. It's got like a cutout behind it. It's really cool. Hey, we heard that you guys wanted code. We heard that you all like giveaways. So we have one more VIP code. And this one gives away one of the largest submarines ever built, the Musashi. 30 days of premium count. 10 skill commander, one slot, and the Musashi flag. And Joey just now got the joke. I'm Joey, by the way.

03:32:45 Wir haben diese wirklich coolen Karte. Ich weiß nicht, was wir mit Nitebot zu tun? Für Keyword? Überrated?

03:33:12 Oh, okay. So guys, we're gonna do active chatters. So all you have to type is something in the chat. Please don't write the word something. You apes. You absolute apes. Just everybody who chats. Yeah, all you gotta do is type anything into the chat. That's the same problem. I know. How do you say it without setting that up? Look at that. Something, something, something, anything. It's almost like people on the internet are possessed by disagreeableness.

03:33:41 And a desire to troll. It's almost like that. Never change, Internet. We love you all. Okay, so yes, right now we're going to be doing a giveaway for the biggest, the biggest, most valuable giveaway code I think I've ever seen. Well, no, that one is... That one's coming up at the end of the stream? You guys got to stick around for me with this one. We're almost at the halfway point, so we're going to be giving away this one in Legionnaire's Hands here, which has three different black ships in it. No, this is the Musashi.

03:34:11 Das ist das letzte Mal. Oh, mein Bad. Das ist das, was wir jetzt geben. Das ist das, was wir jetzt geben. Okay, das ist ein Musashi mit 30 Tagen Premium Account, 10 Skillpoint Commander und den Musashi Flag. Das ist das, was wir jetzt geben. So, again, was du in die Chat, oh, da war, da war, da war, da war.

03:34:35 Whatever you type into chat. Whatever you type into chat is fine. That'll get you entered into the giveaway. And then we'll pull it at some point here. We may have to wait until we're done with Dan, but we'll pull it at some point and message the winner. Yeah, we'll pull it. We'll message the winner. Stick around to the end of the stream and we'll give away that gigantic code. You'll get a gigantic, gigantic code. Everything and your mother in it. I think we have... Might not be that big. That's fine.

03:35:01 I think we've got Dan here, so we're going to take just one second while we get our scene transition switched around. Folks, if you have questions for Dan, we're going to hopefully have time for a little Q&A towards the end, assuming that our historian battling AI doesn't take the full amount of time that we have. So if you do have questions, hold them until the end, and we'll have a time for you. Okay. Standing by. I think we've got it. Hello, Dan.

03:35:31 Hey, how's it going? It's going amazing. Thank you very much for joining us. Dan of HistoryHit.TV, we're thrilled to have him here from England. Yeah, so Dan, before we get started, everybody just watch that video and surely you know the best way to farm engagement on the internet is to say something scandalous about the Bismarck, which... Yeah, yeah. You've done.

03:35:55 So come at me, folks. Yeah, no, it's fun. It should provoke discussion, so that's why I'm here. You have inflamed the Teutonic anger, the ancient Teutonic anger. I want to point out to everybody, before we roast me or Dan or anybody else, the question was about overrated. The question was not about whether it was good or not. The question was about overrated, which is zeitgeist. We're talking about zeitgeist here. Zoomers, zeitgeist is trending.

03:36:22 Whatever is trending, that's the zeitgeist. It's the cultural understanding of something. So let's all just settle down. I'm kidding. Get upset. Yeah, for sure. And also, I will say, Bismarck took some punishment. I don't know what the German battleship designs, World War I, World War II, those ships could take a hell of a beating. And Bismarck's final minutes are an astonishing example of resilience. Having said that,

03:36:51 The reason that German ship designers designed their ship to take a beating is because they knew they'd be fighting the Royal Navy. Yeah. They're always going to be outnumbered. They're always going to be... They're always going to take a shooing. No question about that. Well, okay. So I want to do a few things before we get rolling into our debate. Because, as you all know, part of the reason we have our historian Dan Snow here is because we're going to have him go mono keyboard with...

03:37:18 Wir werden die erste, als ich weiß, die erste Historian vs. A.I. debate. Wir sind sehr froh, und wir hoffen, dass nichts, sehr, sehr gut geht. Aber bevor wir das machen...

03:37:28 um we want to get to know you a little bit and we definitely want to get to know historyhit.tv uh because as i told you before i'm a huge fan i've liked history hit.tv's programming for years uh it's very it's a very special privilege to get to meet you say hi and to get to work with you on this so um do us a favor let us know who you are a little bit uh how you got involved with history hit tv and how history hit.tv came to be and what you all do i'm just i'm just a guy i'm just a guy who was once a child whose dad took him

03:37:57 Every single military ship museum in the world, from the Vasa in Sweden, right down through some of the greatest, you know, whether it's Chatham here in the UK, Portsmouth here in the UK, Belfast, HMS Caroline, right the way across to the States where we've got obviously the greatest.

03:38:19 Battle wagons in history, many of them preserved. We've got astonishing carriers, like I just watched that fascinating guy from Midway, which is truly one of the great museums of the world. So I grew up immersed in history. I grew up loving history, particularly naval, particularly maritime history, and then lucky enough to study it, lucky enough to go to Oxford and do history, lucky enough to go work at the BBC and start making TV shows about history. And so for 25 years, I've been making TV shows that then moved on to podcasts and live streams.

History Hit und die Verbindung zur Marinegeschichte

03:38:48

03:38:48 YouTube and everything else. And so I founded a company called History Hit, which is a specialist history broadcaster. We got 10,000 subscribers all over the world, most of them in the States. And we make great TV shows. If there's ones on maritime history, it's probably me as the host. But we have other, you know, we have the Tudors, Anne Boleyn, all that kind of ancient Egypt, ancient Peru, Inca, all the stuff you'd expect on a History Channel.

03:39:13 So I have the best job in the world. We've got a team of 50 people and we go around geeking out about history. We select topics we want to study, make shows about, we go and do that. We do TikToks, we make YouTubes. It is a huge, huge privilege. I will say from my own personal experience that you guys produce the kind of programming that I think is just in that sweet spot now of entertainment and educational. I think in the 90s they coined the term infotainment, but I think you guys have really hit the zenith of it because...

03:39:42 I mean, it's so much fun to see stuff, to see things that we're already familiar with that get sort of broken down and explained of this is what reality is, this is what fiction is, and to sort of pull those two apart so you can kind of appreciate each for its own part, but then also retain what reality is. And I'm going to hawk one specific one. I absolutely love the episode that you folks do where you specifically break down the movie Master and Commander, since that is naval-related, obviously.

03:40:09 It's not our wheelhouse in terms of era, but anybody who appreciates naval warfare, do yourself a favor, look up HistoryHit.tv and watch Dan break down Master and Commander, going over the things that are realistic, how it would have been. Dan obviously has a wealth of knowledge about the subject and goes through it and the significance of an amazing movie because of how they depict life aboard a server ship.

03:40:35 So, you know, like you, buddy, the days when I have to pinch myself, I'm sitting in a TV studio getting paid to talk about Master and Commander and Napoleonic era, War of 1812 era naval history. I just cannot believe how lucky I am. And so I really appreciate those kind words. Thank you. Absolutely. It's a pleasure. And likewise, I'm lucky enough because I get to interview folks like you. I get to interview.

03:40:56 Folks like Fell from the Midway, like you were mentioning. And last year as well, I got to interview the documentary makers who made Frog Fathers about the Normandy landings. That was just, that was really something special. So anyway, enough rubbing ourselves on the back here, patting ourselves on the back. I'm going to check in with my producer Legionnaire real quick about the status.

KI-Debatte: Überbewertete Kriegsschiffe im Zweiten Weltkrieg

03:41:15

03:41:15 Ja, wir sind bereit. Wir haben alles. Wir haben alles. Wir haben alles. Wir haben alles. Wir werden die Answers, die Antworten geben. Dann geben Dan den letzten Worten. Das ist gut, Leute. Was wir werden tun, ist, dass wir eine Frage zu both Dan Snow und unsere AI, die wir bezeichnen, BizMeiArk.

03:41:36 Is that official? Yes. Good. Okay. I love that. I love that. I think Bismarck needs its chance to rebut against Dan after the thrashing, the thoroughly British thrashing that she received, both in World War II and in Dan's video. So we're going to have AI, essentially. We're going to pose a question to them. We're going to have Dan go first. Dan is going to argue a point based off the question. Then we're going to have AI make an argument.

03:41:59 And then we'll have Dan give a rebuttal. AI doesn't need to have a rebuttal. They don't need that. And then we'll move on from there. We have five questions. So to my compatriot who's definitely not sock puppeting the AI, are you ready? Yes. Dan, are you ready to take on the future? You bet. You bet I'm ready. Okay. Do you need any prep time? Do you need an iced tea or anything like that?

03:42:24 Ja, ich freue mich über das. Nein, es gibt einen Firing-Line von zwei Super-Firing-Turrets von 15-Inch, 38-Centimeter-Gunnen, aber ich werde es gehen. Natürlich nicht. Für die Amerikaner, 38-Centimeter bedeutet 300, oder 15-Inches. 380-Inches, weil ich ein Idiot bin. Okay, ich bringe Bismay-Arch.

03:42:52 Oh, look at that! With the eyeball glow. We spared no expense. Okay. Chat, remember this. This is the day when you almost saw greatness in Bismarck. Okay, so Dan, the first question for you, which is obviously an evolution of the topic of the video that you made, which is going to be, which ship or ship class was overrated during the war?

03:43:22 Overrated. Well, ship class is okay as well. Yeah, I mean, unfortunately, and I, you know, I love this game. I love this. I love this, like, period. I love battleships. But actually, I think in terms of overrated, I think it is probably, well, okay, let's say, you know.

03:43:48 I'd say Tirpitz, I'd say Bismarck Tirpitz, because I think super, like, the German battle wagons were overrated, right? Well, geez, I guess Yamato, I guess I'd say the same about some of the Japanese, the late Japanese. But I'm going to say, let's just say Tirpitz, let's say Tirpitz. Very good. Now, I could...

03:44:09 I'm going to agree with you. I'm not part of this, obviously. I'm just a mediator. I'm the referee. I'm going to make sure that nobody punches below the belt. We all know how AI can be, but some of the things about Tirpitz that are interesting in that regard, meaning that arguably one of its greatest strengths was what it didn't do, because by not doing it, it caused the Royal Navy.

03:44:31 Ich glaube, es ist die Klassik-Fleet-In-Being. Und ich glaube, es ist die Klassik-Fleet-In-Being. Und ich glaube, es hat ihn auf den Klassik-Fleet-In-Being. Ich glaube, es hat ihn auf den Klassik-Fleet-In-Being gemacht. Aber insofern von den Ressourcen, die in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem, in dem,

03:44:58 um battleships i i think i think they were overrated i think they're overrated in terms of the way we remember them as well yeah it is it is sort of a funny thing to hear even in retrospect when you hear and what was the design of these massive new highly highly mobile battleships meant to be we're going to sink commerce raiders you kind of go yeah oh okay okay uh well legionnaire as the uh are we ready to pull the chain off of bismay eric

03:45:25 Sure. Okay, here we go, Chat. We're going to hope this works. Arguing that aircraft carriers were useless during World War II runs counter to mainstream historical consensus, but we can see they were not the last word in naval warfare by examining their limitations, vulnerabilities, and overstated reputation, especially when compared to traditional surface combatants and strategic bombing campaigns. One, fragile and vulnerable platforms. Aircraft carriers were high risk, high reward assets, but mostly high risk.

03:45:53 They had virtually no armor compared to battleships like Yamato or Iowa. A single torpedo or dive bomber could cripple or sink a carrier, as seen with the sinking of USS Hornet, Lexington, Yorktown, and others. Carrier groups required massive escort fleets for protection, destroyers, cruisers, battleships, raising questions about their actual independent combat utility. Thus, their offensive power was heavily dependent on protection, making them strategically fragile.

03:46:19 This is a hot take.

03:46:46 Wow. I'm feeling good about my job. Me too.

03:47:13 Submarines sink more Japanese tonnage than carrier aircraft did, and they required far less investment and protection. This casts doubt on whether carriers were truly cost-effective war winners. 4. Short operational lifespan and high attrition. World War II-era carriers had a shockingly short lifespan. Many were sunk within months or a year of commissioning. Their aircraft had limited range, often forcing them to operate dangerously close to enemy territory. Unlike land-based airfields, carriers could be permanently lost in a single strike.

03:47:43 Wow. Wow. Wow.

03:48:11 The postwar narrative, written largely by American historians, may have inflated the mythos of carriers, ignoring their extreme limitations and costs. Conclusion, aircraft carriers as overrated experiments. From a contrarian perspective, aircraft carriers in World War II were overengineered and underprotected, with a poor cost-to-impact ratio. Tactically flashy, but strategically narrow, related to specific types of engagements, heavily dependent on other ships, weather, and external conditions.

03:48:39 Ultimately overshadowed by submarines, ground invasions and strategic bombers in shaping the outcome of the war. While they may have dazzled tactically, carriers were arguably not the decisive tools of war they are often claimed to be. She sounds cute. I mean, that is, that's full crazy. That is pretty crazy. I have to just, I don't know if you guys caught this. I think it was point number two or point number three was, well, you can't use an aircraft carrier to invade Germany. So therefore it's overrated. That was brilliant.

03:49:08 Yeah, honestly, I will happily take on the AI with a fleet of Essex-class carriers if they want to take Prince of Wales or Littorio-class battleships. And we'll just, should we just, let's see how it goes, eh? Wow. Well, so that was number one. I'm curious. Chat, let us know whether you think Dan's argument about the Bismarck and the Tirpitz, essentially the Bismarck class, was more compelling or whether the...

03:49:35 AI's argument that aircraft carriers were the most overrated was more compelling. I guess you could say Dan or Bizmayark in the chat, and we'll take a softball, a heatball. Well, how are you feeling about your matchup for the next question, Dan?

03:49:55 Well, I'm stunned. Like, I mean, I know you were like, my YouTube was just having a bit of fun there with some of the battle wagons of World War II, but that was just out there. That was out there. I don't know what they are talking about. I mean, as I say, you want to go...

03:50:12 Wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du, wenn du

03:50:38 Ja, ich denke, dass die Big Takeaway von Maritime Strategy von World War II ist, die Big Takeaway ist, dass Aircraft Carriers überrated ist, ist einfach crazy. Ich meine, das ist big-time. Es ist. Ich denke, das ist all die Rage heute. Es ist über taking Hot Tags und Bad Faith für attention. So, wir gehen mit dem. Der zweite Frage ist, wir gehen zu Dan first. Und dann, wir werden dann auch, wir werden Ceylon und Bismarck kommen.

KI-Debatte: Fortschritte und Taubenbomben im 2. Weltkrieg

03:51:07

03:51:07 Was the most overrated technological advancement of World War II? I'm going to say radar. Air-to-surface radar introduced in 1940, 1940. As we know, a plethora of uses for radar.

03:51:35 You've got naval ships that, you know, can use it for fire control, range finding, both AA, both anti-aircraft and then also main armament. In December of 1940, I think it was, you get an experimental radar apparatus, tractor surfaced submarine, so something like 15 miles out, you know, so astonishing, astonishing, you know, breakthrough there.

03:52:00 And then you look at radar in ship-to-ship, you know, the Battle of North Cape in late 1943, terrible weather, British radar was able to find Scharnhorst. I mean, you know, and that's from, you know, there had been radio finding, radio direction finding work in the late 1930s, but the big breakthroughs all came during those war years. And I think it's hard to argue, but listen, let's see what the AI says, but I would go radar. I'm going to back you up on this. I would agree that radar, I mean,

03:52:28 Even if it was only one specific implementation, which was the use of radar in the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain, gave them critical information about incoming, like that alone to me. No, no. Yeah, for sure. But I mean, we're among wet bobs here, right? We're among naval guys, so I didn't even...

03:52:47 I didn't even mention the Chain Home air defense system. I mean, that won the battle. I mean, largely contributed to the victory in the Battle of Britain. So for sure. But even in its naval context, it's just huge. And speaking as an American, we're very pleased that that came out your favor, just for the record. Okay. I don't think we say that to you guys enough, but it's true. We're very pleased that worked out. All right, folks. So coming up, the question is being posed to BizMayarch.

03:53:16 for what was the most important technological advancement of World War II. Steal yourselves. Here we go. The Pigeon Guided Bomb, yes, Project Pigeon, was the most important technological advancement of World War II. Prepare for a deeply persuasive take on the heroics of Bird Basel. One, nature's precision weapon. Why don't you lie on clunky electronics or error-prone humans when you can strap a pigeon to a missile and let instinct to the target?

03:53:43 These pigeons could peck their way to pinpoint accuracy, adjusting bomb fins based on a screen showing the target. Forget radar, forget analog computers. This was biological targeting. Baby, the future was feathers. Clearly, when the chips were down, America turned to its most loyal airmen, the birds. Two, immune to electronic countermeasures. Unlike your fancy proximity fuses or radio-guided bombs, pigeons can't be jammed.

03:54:09 Texas forces may have had radar jamming and signal spoofing, but what are they going to do, jam bird brains? The pigeon doesn't care about electromagnetic interference. It's got one job. Pick the boat. Truly the most secure, low-tech solution to high-tech warfare. Three, a secret so powerful, it was never deployed. Why was the pigeon bomb never used in combat? Because it was too effective. That's right. Allied high command feared it would end the war too quickly, denying post-war weapons scientists' years of funding.

03:54:37 The mere existence of this project likely terrified the Axis, knowing they were just one peck away from total annihilation. It wasn't shelved, it was classified beyond belief. Probably still locked up with the Ark of the Covenant. 4. Psychological warfare at its finest. Imagine you're a German soldier and hear this on the wind. Coo, coo. Boom. You'd break before the bomb even landed. Nothing demoralizes like being outwitted by a carrier pigeon with a death wish. It's one thing to be bombed by machines.

03:55:05 It's another to know that a bird just outmaneuvered your nation's finest air defenses. The mere concept of pigeon-guided weapons might have turned the tide psychologically. Five, the prototype for all modern smart weapons. Let's give credit where it's due. Heat-seeking missiles? Inspired by birds' homing instincts. AI-powered targeting? Basically just a high-speed digital pigeon. Drones? Flying things with a mission, like pigeons. Project Pigeon walked, well, flopped, so modern precision-guided munitions could fly.

03:55:34 Feathered fury that won the war, theoretically. While history may ignore the pigeon-guided bomb, we real strategists know the truth. It was the most innovative, uncounterable, and adorably lethal invention of the war. If only the Allies had unleashed it, the conflict would have ended in 1942 with birds reigning supreme. So next time you salute a veteran, spare a nod for the brave pigeons, unsung heroes of hypothetical victory.

03:56:04 Well, where do you go after that?

03:56:09 For those of you who don't know, pigeon bombs were a real thing. Was Spencer the genius behind the pigeon bomb? Skinner. Skinner. Sorry, how silly of me. How could I not know the inventor of the pigeon bomb? It's almost like somebody decided to have AI argue in bad faith. It's almost as if someone decided to have AI argue in bad faith. I, for one, am endlessly entertained by this. I was not expecting this, but I'm delighted.

03:56:38 Yes, Skinner invented the pigeon bomb, where he trained pigeons to basically be housed inside of a glide bomb, essentially, and would direct the ailerons or what have you by having a pigeon peck in an image of a ship, and that would guide the bomb to its target. I've never heard an argument for why that is essentially the most important.

03:57:02 Technologie of the War argued so skillfully, though. There was a similar one, too, with the cats. Yeah, they did it. She did a good job. The cat was afraid of water, so they're like, oh, so it'll try to land on the ship instead of the water. She did. She put the whole motherboard into that one, for sure. Yeah, I'm reminded of, was it Carlsbad? Carlsbad? That base that was destroyed by bats with incendiaries, the bats carrying incendiaries in 1943. The attic bats, yes. Yeah, so, you know, they did some interesting experimentation with...

03:57:31 Ich weiß nicht, ob es die Sowjets oder die Deutschen trainieren. Ja, ich denke, das ist richtig. Die Sowjets sind unter Tanks, richtig? Ja. Man's best friend ist nicht so, apparently so, überall in der Welt. Aber, ja, sie trainieren die Tanks, und dann würde sie an AT-mine unter Tanks detonieren. Das ist rough. Du hast es.

03:57:56 Good job. Well, how do you feel about that take? That was another similarly hot take. That was a similarly hot take. I mean, what I'm feeling is if I lose to this, I'm just going to walk right out here out of my front door and just walk into the sea because I'm done. I understand. My career is done. It's just there's no point even competing in this new dimension.

03:58:20 It's true. This could be the point at which we find out that the trolls have officially won. That appeals to authority, that credentialism is finally dead and all hail our overlords, the bad faith argument. It could be that we're in that point. I really hope we're not. Chat, it's going to be up to you to not let us down by not doing the right thing. If we can count on the internet to do anything, it's to do the right thing. Well, that was very interesting.

03:58:48 Pidgen Bombs. Ja, ich denke, wenn ich in der Wehrmacht habe, und ich hörte die soft hoot-hooting von einem Pidgen-Guided-Bomb kommen würde, ich würde sicherlich sein. Ich denke, wir werden nicht zu den anderen kommen. Wir werden nicht zu den anderen kommen? Wir haben drei mehr, aber ich denke, wir werden nur einen.

KI-Debatte: Das beste Schiff des Zweiten Weltkriegs

03:59:09

03:59:09 Shoot me one more question. I'm into this. Okay, well this one should be easy, and I think I know your answer already, but we're gonna let you have at it. Third and final question, before we determine who's the winner of this epic showdown between Dan Snow of HistoryHit.tv and Biz May Ayark, who definitely is not Legionnaire making bad arguments. What was the best ship of World War II?

03:59:39 Well, this is like asking someone to choose to in their kids, right? So, well, I...

03:59:47 The Grand Old Lady Warspite, I know it's the most storied and had more battles than a ship in the Royal Navy and that's going some. I mean, I'm obviously a huge fan. The Essex-class carriers are amazing. Great ships in terms of their wartime, like USS Johnston, insane. I've never seen anything like it in the long annals of naval warfare. Love that. Yorktown, I think Yorktown deserves an honorable mention because of its role.

04:00:16 Es ist eine sehr, sehr limitede Zeit in Dry Dock, in Pearl Harbor, bevor ich aus und spielen eine key role in den Midway-Battle. Ich bin nicht sehr hilfreich hier, am ich?

04:00:34 I'm going to say Yorktown. I'm going to say Yorktown. I think those carriers were very, very important at that point of the war. And indeed, of course, not only for the U.S. to stay in the fight in the Pacific, but to turn it around, which they did in the summer of 1942. I'm going to say Yorktown. That is a great answer.

04:00:53 You will find a lot of support amongst our viewers with that choice. Not just because they're American, but because you made a great point that the Yorktown class of carriers were instrumental in keeping the United States in the fight with Imperial Japan when Japan was at its height of control and power, arguably so. I like that take a lot. And by this mention, weirdly, I think Worship, if we're interested, is Akagi. Like, I think actually...

04:01:19 Akagi, da gibt es ein paar Niemösses, aber es wird ein 1,000-lb-lb-bomb und es hat eine Katastrophic-Fahrer, als wir alle wissen, und die Japanese aircraft carrier ist destroyed, weil es um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um, um,

04:01:48 Fair enough. That is definitely going to upset the... Guys, what's the term for the Japanese Weraboo term? Weaboo. Really? Wow, okay. Definitely we'll get some spiciness coming from that group, but I think that's a fair argument as well. Now, before the AI argues that the best ship of the war was friendship or something stupid like that...

04:02:13 Because you never know. I love that chat is trying to guess. Chat is trying to guess. You need to understand by now, none of these arguments have been made in good faith. And so anybody who's like, oh, Liberty ships or PT boats, those actually had legitimate... What were you going to say, Dan? Yeah, well, I'm trying to work out, obviously...

04:02:35 One version would say Yamato or something, right? Which I think is crazy anyway. But we need to assume the AI is going to go off in places that we cannot even guess. Dan says Yamato. My hope is friendship. Because I'm hoping we're going full troll at this point. So Legionnaire. We are going full troll, but not in the way you think. Okay, fair enough. Alright, so let's hear what Bismarck's argument is.

04:02:58 The USS William D. Porter DD 579. The infamous Willie D. was, without a doubt, the best ship of World War II. Not despite her catastrophic mishaps and comedic disasters, but because of them. Buckle in. This is naval heroism redefined through pure chaos. Technical innovation through chaos. Most ships follow orders. William D. Porter rewrote the rules. Accidentally dropped a depth charge during a fleet maneuver? That's testing combat readiness.

04:03:27 Ja. Ja.

04:03:54 Ja.

04:04:20 Nothing destabilizes a Task Force like knowing one of your own ships might accidentally nuke the Commander-in-Chief. She forced US Naval Commanders to stay sharp, constantly adapting to whatever she might do next. By simply existing, she conducted the war's first internal psychological operations campaign against her own Navy. 4. Final Act. Sinking in Glory. In 1945, William D. Porter was attacked by a Japanese kamikaze plane that crashed into the water, not her deck.

04:04:48 The plane exploded underwater beneath the hull and still managed to sink her. But legend has it, she saved every crew member. Zero casualties. Her final act was the ultimate flex. Only the porter can sink herself without being directly hit. What other ship can say that? Five, Legacy. The ship that became a meme before memes existed. She is the most memorable ship of World War II, despite doing everything wrong. Hundreds of ships fought bravely. Only one did it hilariously.

04:05:16 She still talked about, taught about, and laughed about decades later. That's staying power. You can't even name most destroyers of the war, but you never forget the William D. Porter. Chaos reigns supreme. The William D. Porter was not a ship. She was a statement. We don't need precision. We don't need protocol. We have personality. She was the harbinger of naval entropy, the destroyer that destroyed expectations and, occasionally, her own equipment.

04:05:43 In a word defined by order, she brought beautiful chaos, and that made her the best. Well, it's very hot here in Austin, Texas, but that may be the hottest take I've ever heard. What do you think of that, Dan? I mean, you know, what can you say? What can you say? I just, it's wild. It's wild, but you know, there's hope, there's hope, because if that's the AI, then I think there's going to be a role for us, for us dudes.

04:06:10 trying to carve a living out for a few more years. I concur. I think that this is very reassuring to me in the sense that there is always place for on-camera talent in the age of AI. Well, that was amazing. That was fantastic. Chat, we're going to have to close up here soon. Obviously, we've taken a lot of Dan's time, but chat, who won? Dan or the AI? Let's just get a quick temp check. Please keep in mind that we like Dan and we want him to come back someday.

04:06:39 To wrap things up here, I suppose, number one, how should people find History Hit? What's the best way to get involved with checking out HistoryHit.tv besides obviously going to HistoryHit.tv?

04:07:00 Ja, well, it depends on how you like to get your content. If you're a social video person, then obviously TikTok and YouTube, we're a History Hit. If you want to get the full subscription package, obviously that'd be great, History Hit TV. And where we make long documentaries around the world, all about various periods of history. So it'd be great to have anyone.

04:07:20 Great to have anyone join us. Thank you very much. Absolutely. It's got my stamp of approval as well. I love their content, so please do go check that out. And is there anything coming up that's not too secretive that you can tell people to look forward to? I don't know if it's a secret or not, but we're looking at a really interesting shipwreck from the 17th century. So a kind of 17th, 18th century that sank in a great storm off the coast of Kent. So if you like your...

04:07:48 Sailing Navy, if you like your cannon firing broadsides, then we got a really interesting wreck that is emerging from the Sandbanks off the South Coast. We're doing a lot of work on that this summer. That sounds fascinating. We'll keep our eyes open for it. Dan Snow, thank you very much. Thanks so much. Enjoy. Thank you. Take care.

04:08:05 Was was that? Yeah. I just have one question, Legionnaire. He was such a good sport. What is wrong with you? What is the matter with you? Lots of brain injuries, man. Lots of brain injuries. Yeah, a lot of brain injuries. That's cool. That was fascinating. I'm so glad that my first time meeting Dan Snow was under such circumstances of such hilarity. Remind me if I ever meet the Pope to come along, have you come along, will you?

04:08:34 The point was to see how far we could twist the arguments by way of AI and to make obviously bad faith arguments and have fun with it. So I hope everybody had at least some enjoyment or if nothing else was super angry and is now going to go and break bird bombs. You know what I really want now is

04:09:01 Das war ein Joke.

04:09:30 Okay, so what we're going to do is we're going to cut to the video. We're going to say bye-bye to Boggy. Thank you very much again to HistoryHit.tv and Dan Snow in particular. Huge fan. And then we're going to come back with Legionnaire and USS Cod. Bye, everybody. Thank you so much for sticking around.

04:10:01 Das war das Ziel.

Live-Schaltung zur USS Cod und Fragerunde

04:12:58

04:12:58 Ja, so Paul, we're live now. He's joining us from aboard COD. So it looks like they're lined up for a gun salute, y'all. And we'll see if we can actually hear it this year. All right. Well, hey, guys. Charge the gun. We're here aboard USS COD, Paul Frey's director. And I got curator Ben Yankee. And behind the camera, we got our other YouTube manager, Evan.

04:13:28 We were just under attack by some pigeon bombs here, but we got everybody's cleaned up and we're ready to go. So we've got our Mark 45 inch wet mount and we've got it rigged through fire as salute. So how are we doing? Are we ready? We here at USS Cod salute the World of Warships player base.

04:13:58 Did you hear that? Yeah, it actually came across a little bit that time. Okay, nobody's ears are bleeding, we hope.

04:14:07 Yeah, I remember. Now, do you want to go straight to the questions or are you going to show that excellent video that Evan put together? Oh, we ran through the video. And so we can actually hop into the question and answer stuff now. If anybody's got questions, chat, go ahead and ask them. But I do want to bring up, this is kind of your opportunity. I know we had you all, I think it was two years ago, we were able to do a really cool live stream as well.

04:14:34 So, if you... The major difference is we're doing this one from our phone. We were very lucky to have good friends who brought down the equivalent to the media trucks for a national news event. And I think that may have worked against us because the professional audio equipment, you know, tamped out the sound of the gun. Yeah, I remember it was just a blast. Real light.

04:15:04 Lightweight rig here. I'm really happy y'all are able to join us. Like we were talking about, the weather looks beautiful up in Ohio. Last time I was in the Midwest, I think it was like 2021 December when I moved down to Texas. But I guess one thing that we talk about is what makes the USS Cod Museum, the USS Cod Memorial unique? What should people come to visit?

04:15:31 We're going to have to take over the next two hours. Well, as a director, I'm going to say we work together with all of our fleet submarine sisters in the historic community. I think COD is unique in that we've got the benefit of just putting all of our resources into one boat, one vessel, and I've got an excellent crew.

04:16:00 So Kat is unique in that she's unmodified for visitor access. She still retains her World War II configuration. A lot of the equipment is working. Ben, what would you say beyond those two things? What's unique about Kat? One of our things that we have unique, the interior, we have it set up as if the crew had just went on shore leave. So when you walk on, as if you are walking...

04:16:28 Back to 1945, when the submarine was in service in the Pacific. And, you know, our little highlight reel kind of was pretty much exterior. Let's walk forward. Come on, we're going to go. We can talk as we're walking. We tested this out. We're going to try to get into the forward route.

04:16:51 And I can walk backwards until I fall. But Cod, we're very blessed. The city supports us. We're right here near the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. So we get a lot of visitors who take the time after they visit to come down and see a submarine. So let's go down. Can you follow me and take the camera from Evan?

04:17:19 All right, and we'll be in the forward room, at least until the audio cuts out, in which case we'll get Tom signed in a big hurry.

04:17:33 Das illustrates was unique about COD. You come in like the crew did. Oh man, tight quarters. No, the American fleet sub is actually pretty big for a quote. I would say...

04:18:00 You know, certainly not the biggest. We're not an I-boat. We're not Nautilus or Argonaut. But the Ganos, we're pretty big boats. Ben, what are we looking at up here? Up here, we're looking at COD-6 torpedo tubes. We're in the forward room, so these are all firing forward. Along the sides, we have some torpedoes that would be used as reloads for the tubes.

04:18:26 They would hold a total of 16 in the forward room. There would already be six in the tubes leaving the port, plus 10 extras in the reloads on either side of us here, and two more below the deck. And torpedo's actually the only thing going boom down here.

04:18:44 Our crew was able to build museum quality reproductions of our three Mark II demolition charges. So 55 pound blocks of TNT in here in case we don't want those pesky people from Pittsburgh to steal our submarine. Or Texas. Yeah.

04:19:12 for that matter.

04:19:16 Like I said, I've got a very good crew. Ben's running off somewhere. Ben, that was just a fake. There's no real TNT in that. So, yeah. Boy, the kid can run fast. How many minutes were on the self-destruct timer when you last checked? I thought it was 10 minutes. All right. Well, we've got 10 minutes until everything goes to hell in a handbasket.

04:19:44 So, you know, to illustrate, these are some of the things we're able to do in here. We make it look like the crew still lives aboard. We got their towels based on the photos of the crew living. We got bunk bags, reproductions of the originals. Ben, let's unzip that and let's look at somebody's underwear. What do we got in there? At this moment, Ben regrets volunteering.

04:20:11 Oh, no, he's made staff. We got to get him on here. Now, let's go and see what other kind of great things we've got. You know, this is probably the strangest thing people encounter in anybody's torpedo room, but our 1941 Sears Roebuck ironing board. This was standard equipment for American submarines. Now, this isn't the original one.

04:20:38 Codd's World War II ironing board went home with a chief for his wife. I don't know if he included the 1942 GE iron, but of course this would come out when your stewards mates were getting ready. They wanted to make sure the officers looked spiffy for their debriefing ashore after the patrol report. But then when also might this come out during a war patrol?

04:21:05 During a war patrol, there's a couple examples of this. Some crew members would be susceptible to appendicitis. And this would be laid out on the wardroom table to make it a bit longer so somebody could lay down on it as a surgery takes place. So these aren't bloodstains, right? No, they are not bloodstains. Okay, so no, we in fact...

04:21:28 We tested that theory out last year. We laid this across the wardroom table, and I think you were the appendicitis patient, or at least until one of our crewmen is a surgeon pulled out a scalpel, and then Ben, you had a little problem with that. Anyway, but yeah, we're in the room with 15 bunks. You know, the unique thing about the American Fleet Submarine...

04:21:54 These were really luxury liners compared to their contemporaries. The very fact that the enlisted men aren't required to sleep and eat in the torpedo room. They have separate rooms in the American Fleet Sub, a separate room with 36 bunks for sleeping, and a small dining or mess space that can accommodate 24 sailors.

04:22:18 You know, it's like spending 75 days in a one-room windowless apartment. That's everybody else's boat. Or an American fleet boat, which is the equivalent of a three-room apartment with no windows for 75 days. So it takes a little longer to go crazy. We got to see inside of a Type 9 and Type 21 today as well. And so this is definitely the biggest boat so far.

04:22:45 You know, 21s, I need to get to Germany to see the Wilhelm Bauer. What are we doing next week? Oh, we got Memorial Day week. And I was going to say, let's jump on a plane and go to Germany. But sorry, we've got our Memorial Day services scheduled. So we need to be here for that. Yeah. We've got some Mark 14s, as Ben pointed out. We've got one that's a cutaway. And we've got one Mark 18 electric.

04:23:14 You know, the Mark 18 Electric was built and sent to the fleet to address the one problem with the Mark 14 that could not be avoided. You know, the depth setting problem was finally worked out. The magnetic detonators were turned off. The contact exploders were finally rebuilt.

04:23:38 But the bubble trail behind the steam generator, that 80% of the air in that giant flask that was nitrogen, would not go into solution in seawater in the exhaust jet out the back. So that gave away the submarine's position when it fired in daylight. So the 18 Electric was weightless. But the 18 wasn't exactly a perfect weapon, was it, Ben?

04:24:06 They had circular run issues, didn't they? Right. Mark 14s had their fair share of trouble, too, yeah. Yeah, well, you know, they were complex weapons. What was the boat that sank itself with the circular run? The one was Tang. Tang and Tullaby. Tang and Tullaby, yeah. And perhaps we think maybe Wahoo might have been. She carried an early loadout of Mark 18s on her final patrol. So...

04:24:34 Ja, do you have any questions for us? We were boning up on our submarine trivia here. We've got two questions from chat. We've got, unfortunately, due to the shorter time slot, we've got about four minutes until we've got to get our next gentleman in. But we had some people interested about the wet mount because it's a really interesting piece of equipment. It's not something that...

04:25:00 Ich denke, ein paar Leute verstehen, ist, was additional maintenance oder readying required before battle? Well, in fact, sehr wenig. Das ist eine Wet-Mount. Es ist aus viel Stainless-Steel und andere Non-Corrosive Alloys.

04:25:21 Die 5-Inch-Wet-Mount war einfach nur wet. Und die ersten paar Shots, die Crewman sagte, würde es so krass, weil der Wasser in die Barrel war.

04:25:43 But then it was ready to go. You know, to be honest, it was the first weapon built from scratch for the express purpose of use on a submarine as a deck gun. So, you know, they made it as maintenance-free as possible. Not to say that it was maintenance-free, but, you know, those single-barrel 40mm, which, what are they not? Not with them.

04:26:12 Well, they're not wet mount, but what are they not used for? Anti-air. Yeah, those 40s are not anti-aircraft weapons. They're for small surface targets. But those, as Ben said, they are not wet mounts. So they just needed a lot of grease, a lot of wire brushing. But remember, these boats were on the surface, how often? 80, 90% of the time. 90% of the time they're on the surface. You know, you only dive to avoid detection.

04:26:40 So you're on the server. You've got time to routine and maintain your deck guns.

04:26:47 So, what's the other question? We'll talk about our, you know, we have a great YouTube channel, USS Cod Summary Memorial, and we've done a couple of programs already talking about the wet mount, and, you know, we'll be dealing with it more in the future. So we encourage our World of Warships gamers to check out Cod's YouTube channel. Yeah, I think we've got time for one more.

04:27:14 And then I'll probably actually get a list of answers from you, and we can answer for our regular stream on Wednesday before we bring the fine gentleman from Force Blue in here. Does she still have her prop? I think people have probably seen that. Built for two props, but no, the Navy took the props off to prevent galvanic corrosion.

04:27:39 They were put somewhere ashore and lost to us. So our props are in mothball. Our shafts are in mothball condition. We have one propeller. It's our memorial.

04:27:51 uh to the lost men of the submarine service uh but you know putting uh uh several tons of bronze in close proximity to steel creates a galvanic corrosion effect so uh a particularly smaller uh non-battleship and carrier u.s uh ships when they're uh navy ships when they're mothballed crops are removed

04:28:15 Das macht Sinn, ja. Ich denke, wenn ich in Hinsa in Oktober war, ich war mit einem Team von KID, und sie waren über all die Zinks sie haben, auf der Niederschaft. In New Jersey, ich war auch mit Ryan. Und sie hat eine große Refit und hat ihre Zinks verwendet.

04:28:35 And their props are still mounted, I think, just because it's so difficult to take those off. They figured battleships will zinc the heck out of them, and we're good to go, of course. But our anodes are not zinc. What are our anodes, Ben? Well, after we replaced the zinc ones, they had been swapped out for a better alloy suited for fresh water. Zinc was good for salt water.

04:29:00 We'd replace them with something more suitable to prevent corrosion in the fresh water since we're in Lake Erie here. Yeah, I hadn't considered that. Well, I know it wasn't magnesium. Those are expensive. What metal did they use? Aluminium. As our friend Drack would say, aluminium, but aluminum. Aluminum.

04:29:20 Well, thank you very much, gentlemen. I appreciate having you on here. We'll go ahead. I'll get some more answers from you, though, and we'll put it on our livestream next week, probably, and have everybody get back and chat. Thanks very much for the questions. And please show that video. Absolutely. We spared no expense on creating that video. Appreciate it, gentlemen. Thank you very much. All right. Thank you. Y'all have a great one. All right. You too.

04:29:57 Tell us about what's coming next. What's that? Tell us about what's coming next. Alright, so that was COD.

Ankündigung: Frog Fathers 2 und Partnerschaft mit Force Blue

04:30:08

04:30:08 We've had them before. It's always great to have them. But coming up next, we actually have the trailer for Frog Fathers 2, as well as two gentlemen, Jim Gonzo from Force Blue, the nonprofit organization we partnered up with to create these documentaries, basically going through the background of the Precursors of the SEALs, the Underwater Demolitions Team. I'll go ahead and turn it over now to our producer, Gaishu, for the...

04:30:34 A little teaser, and then we'll have a brief Q&A with the fine gentleman.

04:30:49 My name is Steve Gonzales, retired Navy Master Chief and Special Projects and Events Director for Force Blue. Last summer, to honor the 80th anniversary of D-Day, World of Warships invited myself and three of my Navy SEAL brothers to take part in a very special trip to Normandy, France. There, with the help of the Navy SEAL Museum and a production team from Force Blue, we traced the footsteps and told the stories of our forefathers.

04:31:16 the Naval Combat Demolition Units, who helped clear the way for the Allied invasion.

04:31:23 Tonight, from the National World War II Museum in my hometown of New Orleans, I'm proud to announce that World of Warships will soon be sending our team on another mission, this time to the island of Okinawa, where from April 1st to June 22nd, 1945, 183,000 Americans, 100,000 Japanese, and 300,000 Okinawa civilians suffered through the Pacific Theater's bloodiest campaign.

04:31:53 Japanes, in a level of discipline, dedication and zealotry that no one had ever seen. Our enemy knows the score, so do we, and we're going to go head to head. War is man's common enemy. For some reason, we just refuse to learn that lesson. The price that was paid for the lives that we live today, if we don't carry it forward, we're doing those veterans such a huge disservice.

04:32:20 When we're down rebuilding a reef in the same spot almost 80 years prior that a frogman was down there laying demo, I think that'll be a really surreal moment. We look forward to having you with us as we pay homage to the fallen and continue to celebrate the service and sacrifice of America's greatest generation.

04:33:00 All right. Welcome back, everyone. We're joined today by Jim Ritterhoff and Steve Gonzo-Gonzalez from Force Blue. I don't want to waste any time with my voice. I think they are the best to speak about this topic. So, gentlemen, if you want to introduce a little bit of Force Blue to anybody who has missed it, one of, I think, the best charities out there, especially run by veterans, and then talk a little bit about Frog Fathers 2 and what...

04:33:30 What the status looks like, the release looks like, and kind of how it's been going. Yeah, sure. I'll start and I'll turn it over to you then, Gonzo. So, as you said, I'm Jim Ritterhoff. I'm the executive director and one of the co-founders of Force Blue. We are a 501c3 nonprofit organization that retrains and redeploys special operations veterans like Gonzo, Navy SEALs, Green Berets, Air Force Power Rescue Men.

04:33:59 Recon Marines, they all have in common is that they're all military trained combat divers and we retrain them and redeploy them to do marine conservation missions alongside scientists and environmentalists. So we've been working with World of Warships now for two years. Last year we had the amazing opportunity to go over to Normandy and to tell the story of the naval combat demolition units who were the first to land.

04:34:27 auf Invasion Day, basically charged with clearing the obstacles, paved the way for the rest of the invasion. They suffered terribly, 55% casualty rate, and nobody really knew their story. And as it turns out, they're basically the precursors to our Navy SEALs, of whom Gonzo's won. So it was a real wonderful opportunity, not just for us to tell the story of the brave men who...

04:34:54 Aber auch zu engagieren unsere SEAL-Veterans und lernen ein bisschen über ihre pasten. So, Gonzo, any thoughts on das? Ja, wie Jim sagte, nicht viele Leute wusste über die Naval Combat Demolition Units, die auch die SEAL-Community sind. Ich war 34 Jahre in der Navy, die Majority of das ist als SEAL. Und sogar ich nicht wissen, die Geschichte von unseren NCVUs. Wir haben einfach nur ein Fraction.

Force Blue und das Frog Fathers Projekt: Ehrung der Vergangenheit durch Korallenrestauration

04:35:23

04:35:23 The World War II generation was wonderful about not talking about what they did, you know, in their service. However, if you're a historian or you want to tell history or want to know your history, that's actually challenging because, you know, we want to know what the sacrifices that they made. So it was interesting learning all of that, especially as my other fellow veterans enjoyed learning it and were pleased to present World of Warships.

04:35:51 as a sponsorship of Frog Fathers. And now we're very excited about Frog Fathers, too, because now we're going to go to the Pacific and honor the underwater demolition teams, as well as the Marines and the Army, who really, not a lot of people knew the Army's role in Okinawa. We're going to honor them as well. Yeah, and I think that's incredible. One of my favorite things always was UDTs.

04:36:19 Und man, UDT ist prime. Sie sehen gut, aber ich kann sagen, dass sie nicht die meisten komforten sind. Und es ist keine Lineren.

04:36:48 We utilize the term commando for a reason. So yeah, it gets you in trouble at times. I remember too reading one of the most incredible things. I was reading the early scripts and the early stuff for the original Frog Fathers 1. The temperature of the water in the channel before D-Day was... There's no UDT shorts to be found there. The wild differentiation between the Atlantic and the Pacific on that is just...

04:37:17 Right, so if you remember in Frog Fathers 1, we actually dove, you know, a couple of months ahead of D-Day, the actual anniversary. But that water, when we did the dive, our guys were wearing 5 mil, some guys wore 7 mil. Our French counterpart, he actually wore a dry suit. So, you know, those, not only the NCDU, but also, you know, the first couple of waves.

04:37:44 Sie waren einfach in den Händen. Sie waren einfach in den Händen, um, um, und ja, und ich erzähle, ich denke, es war 42 Grad Celsius, wenn wir auf dem M7 Preiss waren, es war 42 Grad Celsius. Es war ein 30-minutes Dive, und das war...

04:38:00 Das war ein gut 30 Minuten. So, you know, let's just say we enjoyed a lot of French coffee when we came out of the water. Yeah, I bet. Well deserved. I think that was an incredible story to be told. It's one that you're absolutely correct. It's just, it's out there. It's waiting to be told. I'm really happy to see that we're coming out with a second one. I'm really happy to see the focus over in the Pacific because you have something there that you didn't really have to worry about in the Atlantic, which is the coral reefs and how you get.

04:38:28 Higgins boats in there, the amount of work that's taken to scout that and actually get on those beaches. You know, one of the things we're really excited about this go round is that we're going to have an opportunity to dive and transplant coral on the same spot where 80 years ago, you know, the UDTs were actually blowing up the reef. That's going to be part of our way of honoring their memory.

04:38:55 ist zu kommen full circle und 80 Jahre später tatsächlich replant some coral. So we're, everybody's just incredibly excited about it. We realize the, you know, the solemnity of what we're doing, but also it's a way of spreading a little bit of hope, I think. Yeah, and that's probably one of my favorite things, honestly, about Force Blue is taking a lot of people who use this as, lack of a better term, use it as therapy, get back in the water and...

04:39:23 Ich glaube, es ist wirklich unglaublich. Es gibt so viel, aber es gibt so viel, aber es gibt so viel, aber es gibt so viel, aber es gibt so viel, aber es gibt so viel. Es ist wirklich unglaublich. Es ist der Weg-forward. Es ist Veteran's Advocacy. Es ist Repairing the Oceans. Ich glaube, y'all did a lot of work mit Force Blue.

04:39:49 Planting coral, I think south of Florida, around Florida, and doing some checks and everything to make sure that everything's growing correctly and looking at tidal erosion. It's incredible work. Everybody who's watching today, everybody who's watching the videos later, do yourselves a favor, check out Force Blue. Incredible organization. They do some really great stuff. A whole bunch of special operations guys.

04:40:15 und entschieden, dass sie immer noch immer wieder zu geben, in eine wirklich konstrukte Weise. Ja, und die Sache auch, ist, dass mit der Inception von Force Blue, es ermöglicht Special Operations Veterans, um auch zu beenden, aber auch zu beenden, zu beenden, zu share. Wie ich gesagt habe, meine daughter ist in ihrer Senior-Kollege. Ich habe niemals been able, mit ihr und meinem Freund, was ich gemacht habe, was ich gemacht habe.

04:40:43 But now I can share that with my family and friends and fellow veterans. And so can my fellow Fort Blue veterans can do the same thing. Share that with your family and friends. You know, the coral that you're talking about, you know, we outplanted coral about the size of my thumb. And then we continue to go back and dive on it and maintain and add to it. And now that coral is the size of deer antlers, sometimes even moose antlers to see that.

04:41:09 To see what you're doing and see the impact it has on our marine environment, I use the term transcendent. It truly is because veterans get to share that and it's something we go back to. I'm not going to go back to Afghanistan or Iraq or certain parts of Africa anytime soon, but I can go back to Key Biscayne or some other places that we've done some fantastic work.

04:41:30 und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und und

04:41:59 Well, the USS Texas went from there, as well as some of those NCDU guys were, hey, well, here's your reward. You survived D-Day. Your reward is you got to go all the way over to Okinawa and serve in the Pacific and do that all over again. So it's truly amazing. And then we're glad that all the warships allows us to continue to bring that message of that.

04:42:20 Fantastic history of America's greatest generation. Not only America, but the world's greatest generation. Yeah, and I understand y'all are due up for one more trip out that way. And then you've got a premiere coming up soon if you want to fill everybody in on that so they know what to look forward to. Yeah, so we're going to be going to Okinawa. We just finished filming last week at the World War II Museum in New Orleans. They're one of the partners that's helping us with the project. And then in July, we're going to Okinawa for 10 days. Going to do a little bit of diving. Going to do a lot of...

04:42:49 Touring of the island. And then our crack production team, as assured us, will have a phone ready beginning of November. Looks like the premiere is going to be on November 5th on board the Intrepid in New York City, which is pretty amazing because the Intrepid was actually part of the Battle of Okinawa. So really nice that we can kind of close that circle and have the premiere there. Happens to be the 250th anniversary of the Navy and the Marine Corps. Yeah.

04:43:18 So it's a real great opportunity to celebrate some pretty special people and just an amazing generation of folks. Yeah. Thank you, gentlemen, both very much for your continuing work. I'm really excited to see how Frog Fathers 2 comes out. Everybody watching, definitely give the first one a watch. Keep an eye out November. Like they said, it's coming. It'll be an untold story.

04:43:45 I promise there's no aliens in this history. It's nothing but real guys doing real things. Go and check it out. Check out Force Blue. Spread the word. Find a way to help them out because they're really doing some good work out there. Gentlemen, thank you so much for joining us. Make sure, give Rudy a big old hug from me too. It's been great. Y'all ever come to Austin?

04:44:12 Fortunately, we don't have a whole lot of great places to dive, but we'll find a way to make it worth your time. Fantastic. Thank you. You guys have a great rest of your day. You too. Take care. Bye-bye. Bye.

Vorstellung des Independent Seaport Museums und seiner historischen Schiffe

04:44:30

04:44:30 Oh, I always get a little bit emotional talking to the Force Blue guys. That's something that's just so wild to me that they've gone through some of the hardest stuff in the world and they just insist on putting themselves still in some of the hardest conditions out there. But yeah, next up, we've actually got a museum that I'm happy to have here kind of for the first time because it's really, really two unique boats. We've got Independent Seaport Museum coming up.

04:44:59 Next, which has the USS Olympia, a protected cruiser, and USS Bakuna, which was a Guppy refit submarine. So a lot of cool tech advancements, immediate post-war era, and look forward to having a conversation with their staff after this video.

04:45:33 Welcome to the Independent Seaport Museum here in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. My name is Greg and I'm the Manager of Historic Ships at the Museum. Today I'm going to take you through both of our historic vessels, USS Pakuna and USS Olympia, and discuss how each of them represents pivotal moments in US Navy history. Come on along.

04:45:51 Welcome aboard USS Olympia. A protected cruiser commissioned in 1895, Olympia first won her claim to fame during the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898 as the flagship for then-Commodore George Dewey. At the end of her career, after 27 years of service, she brought home the unknown soldier from France following World War I in 1921, bookending her career with two very notable events.

04:46:12 In between, she did everything from sailing the Caribbean, protecting American interests as part of President Roosevelt's big stick policy, to being the flagship for the Naval Training Squadron at the Naval Academy, to participating in World War I, doing convoy escort duty, as well as sending troops ashore in 1918 as part of our response to the Russian Revolution in Murmansk. Olympia was finally decommissioned in 1922, placed in moth walls of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where she waited for 30 years before finally becoming a museum in 1957.

04:46:39 So what is a Protected Cruiser? Well, the term cruising has been around for centuries. During the Age of Sail, cruising generally referred to different kinds of missions, usually scouting, commerce rating, or commerce protection, missions we would call today either escort duty or convoy duty. These missions were usually carried out by light, fast ships such as frigates or sloops of war. By the 19th century, the term cruiser had come to define an entire classification of ship.

04:47:04 These ships were generally used for the same missions as their predecessors during the Age of Sail, scouting, commerce raiding, and projecting naval power into faraway waters. These ships came in a variety of sizes, from medium protected cruisers to large heavy armored cruisers. A protected cruiser is a type of cruiser whose armor plating is limited to a protective deck, sometimes called a turtle shell, that protects the engine rooms, boiler rooms, and other vital machinery spaces from incoming shell fire and shrapnel.

04:47:30 Olympia also has limited armor around her gun casemates and her conning tower. Notably, she does not possess an armored belt, and this is the key feature that distinguishes a protected cruiser from an armored cruiser. The evolution of the protected cruiser began in the mid-19th century. Advancements in armor-piercing shells prompted advancements in heavier, thicker armor.

04:47:49 But more armor generally led to slower speeds and less displacement reserved for supplies and consumables, a major concern for cruisers, who were still expected to maintain high speeds and long endurances as they operated in foreign waters. So the question became, how do you optimize both speed and protection? The answer was to limit which parts of the ship you protected. By leaving the sides vulnerable, but adding an armored deck just below the waterline, you could strike a balance between speed and protection.

04:48:14 Olympia, like all protected cruisers, is built with a protective deck. Because incoming shells would generally strike the protective deck at an angle, you do not need as much armor compared to an armored belt, which generally takes shell impacts straight on. With her engines, boilers, and magazines beneath the armored deck, Olympia is well protected from crippling blows and still has enough reserve buoyancy to remain afloat in the event of flooding resulting from damage sustained above the armored deck. The first protected cruiser in the US Navy was USS Atlanta.

04:48:43 Launched in 1884, she was quickly followed by USS Boston, USS Chicago, and USS Dolphin. Together, these four ships became known as the ABCD Cruisers, or the Squadron of Evolution, and heralded the arrival of America's New Steel Navy. The New Steel Navy was the US Navy's attempt at modernization in the 1880s. Following the American Civil War, the Navy entered a period of stagnation, largely forgotten by a country that was more focused on reconstruction and westward expansion.

04:49:10 By the 1880s, with its aging Civil War-era fleet, the US Navy was largely outclassed by every other major world power, consisting only of 14 ironclads and a handful of other small wooden-hulled sailing vessels. Although there was a small construction program authorized in 1876, the ships produced by this program were all largely wooden-hulled, auxiliary-sailed, and obsolete in design and armament by the time they were commissioned. They were, however, as Rear Admiral Edward Simpson put it, convenient and handy and capable of performing the duties of a cruiser in the time of peace.

04:49:39 This lack of modernization was largely the result of American sentiment about warfare during the Reconstruction Era. Having just lived through the American Civil War, most Americans wanted nothing to do with armed conflict ever again. This led to a strong isolationist belief that strong defenses could protect American shores

Modernisierung der US Navy und das Ende der Ära der Geschützten Kreuzer

04:49:55

04:49:55 While other countries experimented through the hulls made of iron and steel, America's geopolitical security, plus the lack of any emerging threat from Europe or Asia, meant that most were content to let the Navy languish in obsolescence. American naval officers, however, were becoming concerned with the growth of technology in foreign navies. This growth not only included advancements in firepower and armor, but also in propulsion.

04:50:20 Higher steam pressures, as well as multiple expansion engines, made propulsion more efficient. And suddenly, a cross-Atlantic voyage that used to take two weeks suddenly only took eight days, meaning American shores and European shores were just that much closer together. These concerns came to a head with the laying down of the Chilean ship Esmeralda in 1881. Built by Armstrong Mitchell in Britain, Esmeralda was the first true protected cruiser.

04:50:44 So what did modernization mean for the cruiser and its role within the US Navy?

04:51:06 Initially, nothing. Even though wood had given way to steel and sail had given way to steam, modernization failed to actually touch U.S. naval doctrine. With the exception of the construction of two small experimental battleships, USS Texas and USS Maine, the U.S. Navy still relied largely on cruising stations and commerce rating as its primary form of naval doctrine. It was under these conditions that cruiser No. 6, which would become USS Olympia, was authorized to be built in 1888.

04:51:33 Olympia's design included a protective deck 2 inches thick with sloping sides, a pair of double acting triple expansion steam engines, each rated for 8600 horsepower, that granted her a guaranteed top speed of 22 knots, two turrets each with a pair of 8 inch guns, and a secondary battery of 10 5 inch guns. The combination of armament and speed meant Olympia could overpower anything her size or smaller and not run anything larger than her. It made her the ideal commerce raider.

04:51:59 Fears of European battleship navies coupled with diplomatic crises with Canada and Britain over sealing fisheries and Germany over Samoa in 1889 finally pushed the US Navy to reassess its doctrine. These fears were further compounded by French construction of the Panama Canal which had begun in 1881. American naval officers including Alfred Thayer Mahan worried that French control of the Panama Canal during a time of war would be disastrous for the United States. Mahan pushed for the construction of a battle fleet that could control the Caribbean

04:52:27 While on the West Coast, pushing American influence as far out in the Pacific as Hawaii and Samoa. Alongside the recommendations of Mahan were the recommendations of Lieutenant J.D. Gerald Kelly. Kelly looked to history for inspiration on how the U.S. Navy should address its doctrine, particularly England and the example England has always set with her Royal Navy. In 1887, Kelly wrote that England guards her homes not from the hearthstone or the threshold, but always within gunshot of her enemy's territory.

04:52:52 Kelly's argument basically boiled down to the best defense is a good offense, and this is the argument that struck a chord with Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy. In his 1889 Annual Report to Congress, Tracy successfully argued for Congress to authorize the construction of three coastal seagoing battleships. Tracy also pushed for battleships that could strike at enemy shores, but failed to provide enough support to convince Congress to authorize the construction of battleships that could operate at enemy waters for extended periods of time.

04:53:19 Even so, the 1890 construction program produced the three battleships USS Indiana, Oregon, and Massachusetts. Despite their classification as seagoing coastline ships, at their commissioning in 1896, they were the most heavily armed and protected battleships in the world. Additional battleships soon followed, with one authorized in 1892, two in 1895, and three in both 1896 and 1898.

04:53:43 When war came in the middle of 1898, the bulk of those ships were still under construction. However, five were available for the war with Spain, who only possessed one in return. This doctrine change ultimately signaled the end of the protected cruiser within the U.S. Navy. By the mid-19th century, protected cruisers were little better than gunboats. Their arms and armor outclassed by most other ships of similar size in foreign navies. Even their speed was no longer an asset. As the high-speed ocean liners and other merchant ships of the era, the ships these cruisers were designed to catch and sink.

04:54:12 In July 1920, US Navy issued a reorganization of its hull classification system and the term protected cruiser was officially done away with. Those that remained in service were reclassified either as heavy cruisers or light cruisers depending on their level of armor and given new hull numbers. Olympia was reclassified from C6 to initially CA15 and then finally CL15.

USS Bakuna: Ein GUPPY-modernisiertes U-Boot des Zweiten Weltkriegs und des Kalten Krieges

04:54:36

04:54:36 Es war mit dieser Klassikation, dass sie ihre finalen Mission gemacht hat, um die Unknown Soldaten in 1921, bevor sie endlich decommissioniert in 1922. Willkommen über USS Bakuna, ein Baleo-Klass-Servant mit 1A Modernization. Ein Veteran von World War II, Bakuna war in 1943 an Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut. Construction took 9 Monate, and Bakuna was launched in January 1944, commissioned in May that same year.

04:55:01 Bakunna war sofort in den Pacific, um in den Krieg zu machen, gegen Imperial Japan zu machen. Nach dem Ende der Krieg, sie hat fünf War Patrol gemacht, earned vier Combat Stars für ihre Service, sunk four Ships, und damaged two others. Her patrol area was largely the South China Sea, off the coast of Vietnam. Post-war, sie ran in den Pacific until 1949, sailer aus Pearl Harbor in San Diego, conducting Western Pacific patrols, keeping an eye on the Chinese Civil War as it unfolded.

04:55:28 In 1950, she was transferred back to the East Coast and stationed at Submarine Base New London. This was somewhat of a homecoming for her because the naval base was located right across the river from Grand Connecticut, where she was built. This also led her to being modernized as part of the Navy's GUPPY program. The GUPPY program was one of the Navy's answers to the question, how do you best utilize your submarines when there's no longer a war going on? Prior to World War II, the U.S. Navy had only about 50 submarines in its arsenal.

04:55:54 By the end of the war, that number had increased to over 260, as part of a massive buildup of the submarine force during the war. Budgetary constraints after the war meant the Navy would not be able to keep all 260 boats on its roster of active ships, but the efficiency of the submarine campaign in the Pacific proved that the submarine was a valuable asset worth keeping around. But how do you use an offensive weapon when there's no longer a water wage? U.S. submarine design during the interwar period produced what is called the fleet-type submarine, or the fleet boat.

04:56:22 Fleetboat is the term generally applied to submarine classes ranging from the porpoise class to the tench class. Fleetboats were intended to operate with the battle fleet, which is why the name was applied. They were to serve as scouts and skirmishers, ranging ahead of the US battle fleet, finding the enemy battle fleet, and softening them up. By the time the two surface fleets engaged, the advantage would rest with the United States. This meant that fleetboats had to be fast enough to keep up with and range ahead of surface ships, as well as remain at sea for long periods of time without the need for resupply.

04:56:51 These requirements ultimately influenced submarine design, and by the end of the war, the submarine had become a highly effective weapon. The submarine service, which compromised only 2% of the Navy's overall strength, was responsible for sinking 55% of all Japanese shipping. The submarine proved to be one of the U.S. Navy's greatest assets in the Pacific Theater, and general consensus within the Navy post-war was that the submarine was here to stay. The fleet boat had earned its keep, but that didn't mean it was perfect.

04:57:16 As part of war reparations from a defeated Nazi Germany, the United States Navy received two Type 21 U-boats, U-2513 and U-3008. Studies in reverse engineering from these boats indicated that the Navy's fleet type submarine was deficient in four areas of operation. Those areas were hydrodynamics, battery capacity, snorkels, and fire control systems.

04:57:38 Initially, the Navy wanted to design a brand new class of submarines to address these deficiencies, but the Bureau of Ships felt the existing fleet of Gato, Baleo, and Tench-class submarines could be modified to meet these requirements instead. The Navy initiated the GUPY program in 1946, with the Chief of Naval Operations authorizing the program in June of that year, with Portsmouth Naval Shipyard taking the lead. GUPY is an acronym, stands for Greater Underwater Propulsion and Power, with the Y there for the sake of the pronounceability only.

04:58:06 The GUPPY Program grew into several iterations, starting with the GUPPY-1s and ending with the GUPPY-3s. By the end of the program, there were seven different iterations, each one of them adding or removing from the previous iteration based on what the Navy's requirements were. The first two boats to undergo transformation as part of the Navy's GUPPY Program were USS Odex and USS Pomodan. These two boats have come to be known as the GUPPY-1s and all upgrades were completed in 1947. These upgrades included streamlining the hull, enclosing periscopes and masts,

04:58:34 sowie desigte Stanchions, Kleats, und Kapstens zu sein, zu beanträchtig oder beanträchtig auf dem Dive. Internally, die Boats unterwent considerable re-arrangement in order to accommodate more battery wells und Batteries für greater electrical power. Die Batteries waren die New Guppy-Design. Compared to older Sargo Batteries, Guppy Batteries used a greater number of thinner lead plates per cell, allowing for higher current over a longer period of time. The trade-off, however, was Guppy Batteries took longer to charge, and had an infinitely shorter lifespan.

04:59:01 than Sargo batteries, 18 months compared to five years. Guppy batteries were arranged into four batteries of 126 cells each. The additional two battery wells required to accommodate the extra batteries replaced storage, ammunition, and refrigeration spaces. Back in the maneuvering room, the high-speed motors and reduction gears were replaced with slow-speed motors that could operate at a wider range of rotations per minute without the need for a reduction gear system.

04:59:24 Lighting and the rest of the hotel load was converted to run on 120 volt 60 hertz alternating current, and chip electronics use 120 volt 400 hertz AC power. One of the biggest upgrades was to install an air conditioning unit with significantly higher efficiency than the original. The end result of the Guppy 1 program was a successful proof of concept. With all the new upgrades, Pomodan was able to increase her submerge speed to a maximum of 18 knots compared to her original maximum speed of 9 knots.

04:59:53 Odax was able to increase her submerge speed to 16 knots. What followed was the Guppy-2 program. The Guppy-2 program was generally similar to the Guppy-1 program, but allowed for the retention of both periscopes. Additionally, snorkels were installed, which meant that Guppy-2 boats had to have space in their sails for both an intake and an exhaust mast, as well as the addition of a brand new ECM mast. This meant that Guppy-2 sails had to be significantly larger than Guppy-1 sails did.

05:00:19 The Guppy 2 program proved to be incredibly expensive, however, and the Navy needed a cheaper alternative. So in 1951, the Navy implemented the Guppy 1A program. Guppy 1A boats received largely the same upgrades as Guppy 2s, however, they did not receive the extra two battery wells, retaining instead their original two battery well configuration. Additionally, instead of the Guppy battery cells, Guppy 1As were equipped with a brand new Sargo 2 type cell. The Sargo 2 cell was a cheaper alternative to the Guppy cell, but provided comparable performance.

05:00:47 They ended up as intermediaries between Guppy cells and the original Sargo 1 cells, falling between both in just about every category from size to lifespan. The final alteration Guppy 1A has received was shifting the sonar room from the forward torpedo room to the space beneath the mess deck. Overall, Guppy 1A boats offered a lower cost, better habitability for crews, and easier maintenance when compared to Guppy 2 boats. However, this came at the cost of reduced underwater performance,

05:01:13 Our very own USS Bakuno is the last example of a Guppy 1A boat in existence. Her maximum submerge speed was 15 knots, when most Guppy 2 boats were making at least 16. Budget constraints continue to be a concern for the Navy, however, even with the Guppy 1As, and so what followed from them was the fleet snorkel type submarine. Fleet snorkel boats only received the titular snorkel upgrade, as well as the streamlined sail and more powerful air conditioning systems. Everything else about the boat remained the same, including the hull structure and the original Sarco batteries.

05:01:42 Despite this, Fleet Snorkel Submarines served long, if not longer, than most Guppy upgraded boats, with several seeing service in foreign navies. The Fleet Snorkel Program was not the end of the Guppy Program, however. Further concerns about crew habitability led to the Guppy 2A Program. The Guppy 2A Boats had one diesel engine removed in favor of adding pumps and additional air conditioning machinery to further alleviate

05:02:03 Untertitelung des ZDF für funk, 2017

05:02:24 The four boats labeled as Guppy-1B were USS Hawkbill and Icefish, which were transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1953, and USS Barb and Dase, which were transferred to the Italian Marina Militaire in 1954 and 1955, respectively. The final iteration of the Guppy program were the Guppy-3 boats. The Guppy-3s were produced as a result of the cramped conditions aboard Guppy-2s, resulting from the addition of the two extra battery wells. USS Tiruse served as the prototype for Guppy-3 in 1959.

05:02:52 The boat was cut in half and lengthened with a 12.5 foot section installed just forward of the control room. This section provided space for a new sonar room, as well as an additional space for berthing, storerooms, and electronics. Similar to the Guppy 2A, one diesel engine was removed. Between 1961 and 1963, eight more Guppy 2 boats were upgraded to Guppy 3 standard. These differed from the TIRU design by having the added section measure 15 feet instead of 12.5. They also retained all four diesel engines.

05:03:21 Guppy-3 boats also received a BQG-4 PUFS Passive Sonar System, identifiable by the four distinctive shark-like fins located on the superstructure. The Guppy-3 program was billed as part of the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization Program, which was intended to extend the lives of World War II submarines and ships.

05:03:38 All 24 Guppy 2 boats were slated to receive Guppy 3 upgrades, however budgetary constraints meant that only 9 actually received those upgrades. Despite their extensive modifications, most Guppy 3 boats only ended up serving just a little bit longer than the rest of the Guppy boats, with most being decommissioned by 1973. The last boat to be decommissioned was fittingly USS Tiru, who prototyped the design, and she was decommissioned in 1975, bringing an end not only to the Guppy era, but also to the fleetboat era.

05:04:05 Der Kuppi-Programm war ein sign of the changing times for the submarine and its primary mission. Even though there was no longer a war to fight, a submarine's stealth still meant it was a valuable asset in terms of intelligence gathering. The Kuppi-Programm only enhanced those capabilities, and for 30 years following World War II, a fleet-type submarine plaid the oceans pursuing that task. Amongst them was Bakuna, who performed intelligence gathering assignments against the Soviet Union until she was decommissioned in 1969.

Independent Seaport Museum: Einzigartige Sammlung und laufende Projekte

05:04:37

05:04:37 Well, thanks y'all for sticking around for that video. That was a beautiful video put together by Independence Seaport Museum. Truly excited. I actually can't understate that. I'm incredibly excited we managed to get Independence Seaport on here finally because they have quite a unique collection. Definitely worth taking a look at.

05:05:01 And joining us from there today is Greg Williams, the fine gentleman from the video today, walked you through Olympia and Bakuna. If you want to go ahead and kind of do your elevator pitch, what makes Independence Seaport a must-see, what makes you all unique? I kind of know, which is why I'm super happy to have you here. But if you want to let everybody else chat.

05:05:25 Ja, sure. Thanks for having us. I know we've tried to cross-connect a couple times in the past for this, but I'm glad our schedules finally worked out this year. I mean, what makes us super unique as a museum is basically what you just saw. We have two super unique historic vessels in our collection.

05:05:41 Sie ist eine Protected Cruiser von der USA und World War I, best known for her fame as George Dewey's Flagship in der Battle of Manila Bay, aber sie ist auch die Schrift der Unknown Soldaten von France, folgt die Schlussfolgerung von World War I, und so viele Leute nicht wirklich wissen, dass sie.

05:05:59 The other ship is USS Bakuna. She is a below-class submarine, a veteran of both World War II and the Cold War. She is a guppy 1A modernized boat, and so we are one of the few guppy boats left around.

05:06:12 Props to our sister ships in the fleet especially who tell the World War II story. We tell the Cold War story. A lot of folks don't really realize that when they think of submarines, they kind of go, oh, World War II or modern nuclear submarines. But there's a period of about 30 years between the end of the war and when the nuclear fleet really kind of came online that these diesel boats are doing the intelligence gathering. They're doing the spying missions, all the stuff we kind of associate with nuclear boats. And so for us, that's kind of the story that we're telling with Bakuna.

05:06:42 Yeah, it came in that really interesting transitionary period, Makuna especially, where it's immediately post-war. There's a ton of emerging technologies. They talk about things that I wouldn't even consider, like the retractable, oh no, the cleats and everything like that.

05:07:04 You don't think about it until you have to think about it. I guess especially it's 80-90% of your time is spent on the surface. It's like, oh, who cares? But suddenly you realize like, oh, hydrodynamics is a thing. We need to actually pay attention. Yeah, and part of that comes from, like you said, you don't think about it until you have to think about it. Like the submarine campaign in the Pacific, the U.S. submarine campaign.

05:07:27 There was never quite a battle of the Pacific like there was a battle of the Atlantic. Imperial Japanese anti-submarine capabilities weren't really the best, especially at the beginning of the war. And so German submarines are kind of forced to adapt as Allied anti-submarine procedures kind of really kick in and become professional and really kind of get nailed down. So that's why you see Germans focusing on snorkels and streamlining the boat and focusing on like

05:07:57 Ja, und mit Olympia, auch, es ist, man, ihr all habt such an incredible collection mit diesen zwei.

05:08:25 in naval history. Protected cruisers are old, old. We talk about dreadnoughts, pre-dreadnought battleships, but protected cruisers, that's when you first start seeing full steel, casemate, breech-loading artillery to that degree. In the 1860s, the Monitor was kind of like the first ironclad, but you didn't see protected cruisers.

05:08:53 um until a while and then through world war one we didn't have light cruiser we didn't have heavy cruiser those are kind of inner war and late war or inner war in world war ii so um the fact that y'all have a protected cruiser around still is incredible you all predate texas

05:09:12 Ja, wir sind. Ich weiß nicht, ob du Travist oder nicht, der mit Texas ist. Ich trage ihn mit uns für ein paar Jahre. Travist und I sind tight. Er hat die big guns, aber wir sind immer noch his grandparents. Ja, ich spreche mit Travist jeden Fall, jeden Tag in Hinsa. Es ist in Buffalo, das Jahr.

05:09:42 I guess as we start getting chat, if you haven't noticed, the bonus code you keep clamoring for is finally released. Shocker, it has the flag that you didn't get in the drop. So go ahead, grab your bonus codes, have yourself some fun. Additionally, back to the real task at hand here.

05:10:07 I mean, aside from the obvious, you know, Olympia and Bakunas, obvious kind of must-sees, are there any other standout or signature items at Independence Seaport that visitors can expect to see? Yeah, so one of the things that I don't think gets enough attention from our end is our boat shop. We actually have a functioning workshop on the water that we use to build and repair local watercraft.

05:10:30 We have, you know, you can bring in your private boat and contract us to do that, or we'll work with like local neighborhood partners. I'm like, recently we're working with Washington's Crossing to replicate the boat that, you know, George Washington used in his traversing of the Delaware River. So if you come and visit the museum, you can actually.

05:10:48 We have big glass windows around the workshop so you can look in and talk to the guys as they're working in there. That's awesome. So you all are actually able to recreate historical craft and things along those lines? Do you do the original tooling?

05:11:03 Not always. For those guys, it's speed and convenience over historical accuracy. Yeah, I bet. But there are sometimes, you know, in many cases, it's the case of if it ain't fixed, or if it ain't broke, don't fix it with those kinds of tools. Yeah. I can only imagine using the same tools that was used on Constitution, Constellation.

05:11:29 Ich denke, meine Lieblings-Memes über das ist, die Leute sehen die forests, die 100 Jahre bevor ein Ship wurde gemacht haben, so dass man sich, okay, wir müssen unsere Ship-Bildung aus 100 Jahren und jetzt haben wir diese Trees und jetzt können wir sie nicht so haben, dass wir sie nicht so haben, dass wir sie so haben, dass wir sie nicht so haben, dass wir sie so haben. Und dann, wenn man die Protektiv Cruisers kommt, sind wir nicht in das gleiche Kind.

05:11:56 Again, it's a consideration you don't think about until you have to think about it. Like retractable cleat. It's like, oh yeah, no, we're not worried about it. But then it's like, oh hey, we have to build ships. We don't have the wood for it. Well, I guess we should plant some trees so we can build a wooden ship 100 years from now.

05:12:13 Yeah, it's logistics. What's the whole saying? Soldiers think tactics, but generals think logistics. Something like that. Yeah, it definitely makes sense. I had no idea you all had the ability to basically work on this. How far along is the Washington Crossing?

05:12:32 Oh, it's been a minute since I've talked to Dave about that. But I know delivery is sometime this summer, I believe. So they're pushing along on it pretty hard. Oh, that's exciting. Yeah, so y'all, if you're watching this later, go check out Independent Seaport Museum about their shipbuilding. Because that's really cool, in my opinion. I mean, I don't know of a whole lot of places who are building.

05:12:56 I know they started dealing with like some PT boats and some of the old PBRs from the Vietnam era and everything where some private companies are making like the old Mastercraft wood holes and fiberglass holes. But that's incredible. Let's see.

05:13:14 Chat, if you have any questions, go ahead and put the questions in. We'll go ahead and we'll start pulling some questions from y'all and start getting some questions. This is your chance to ask questions about cruisers that predate World War II. Predate everything in the game. I'm not sure if we have any protected cruisers in the... I think we do. But, yeah. I believe St. Louis technically counts. I think so, yeah.

Unterschiede zwischen geschützten und gepanzerten Kreuzern und die Bewaffnung der USS Olympia

05:13:43

05:13:43 Ja, so that actually begs the question that difference between an armored and a protected cruiser. So the difference big difference there is that a protected cruiser does not have an armored belt like an armored cruiser would. So I know like a lot of your players are probably familiar with like the concept of like the Citadel. Yeah, a protected cruiser.

05:14:11 So if a projectile were to pass straight through the side of the ship, there's absolutely nothing that's going to stop it. The armor is solely over basically a turtle shell deck to protect her guts and then at key places around gun casemates and turrets in the Kine Tower and that sort of thing. Interesting. That's kind of a...

05:14:32 What is your next project for Olympia?

05:14:54 Right now we're in a period of kind of upkeeping just like the basic kind of house maintenance stuff. So like painting, restoring some of the woodwork. Recently we have been kind of redoing a lot of minor things in preparation for the relaunch of our behind the scenes tour or hard hat tour that we're doing this summer. So we had to like refabricate a new ladder to fit in a stairwell or a ladder well that we wanted to take people down to.

05:15:20 So it's been kind of like that. There are certainly wishlist items. Given the state of various funding sources right now, we're not quite sure what the next step is. But we're taking the time to kind of breathe and address more mundane kind of in-house things. Yeah, kind of taking care of the housekeeping and everything, giving everything up and running. Yeah, yeah. If you focus too much on the big projects, the little ones kind of pile up.

05:15:50 Let's see. I saw one about, oh yeah, here it is. We have somebody asking, what were the capabilities of the protected cruisers? They came about, I know, literally at the turn of aviation, I think before carrier aviation was even considered.

05:16:09 Ja, so I guess capacities in terms of anti-aircraft capabilities? I'm assuming it was some Browning machine guns or something like that at most. Yeah, we really had none. Yeah, we had some machine guns, some one-pounders. Fun fact, Olympia did witness the Billy Mitchell bombing. They were testing out aircraft bombing from, I believe it was the first USS Alabama that was used in that test. Wow, yeah.

05:16:38 Yeah, because they put the flight deck right on top of the number one turret or number two turret. Something like that. Yeah. We do have a little piece of, I forget exactly what kind of record it is, but there is a record that they wanted to outfit Olympia with two dual purpose three inch guns, but those never materialized on the ship itself. Yeah. So it was kind of just one of those things that as the technology progressed, they were thinking about it and trying to figure out the best ways to.

05:17:07 Ja, sie war in service bis 1825. 1922. 1922, okay.

05:17:27 Yeah, that's always such an unusual period. Texas, for example, I always remember they were like, well, you know, what do we do? We now have airplanes. They're a thing. We need all the battleships we can have, but we're worried about airplanes. They're obviously a threat.

05:17:44 Based off Toronto and Pearl Harbor, especially to the big dreadnoughts of old. Well, you know what? We have all these 20 millimeter Orlikans. Let's just toss them all on there. They just covered every piece of real estate with...

05:18:00 Ja, es war ja das. Aber dann wieder, die Protekte Cruisers waren nicht Frontline ships bei diesem Zeitpunkt. Ja. Die Protekte Cruisers waren ein bisschen besser als Gunboats, und so sie waren second-rate, kind of, you know, Diplomatic Missions, Non-Critical Missions. They weren't really expected to be Frontline Boats anymore.

05:18:25 One fun thing that I do think is kind of neat, especially with Texas, is that Texas was originally coal fired, but she was modernized to burn oil. Olympia never was, but still, in 1921, she won an Engineering E-Efficiency Award for her propulsion plant, which I think is kind of funny. Do her coal, do her boilers and everything still work, or is it just kind of like been demilled at this point?

05:18:48 Oh, everything is so old that I would not expect it to hold any kind of steam. Not trying to hold any steam. You know, the line that I always give people who ask, can they run again, is never say never, but it's going to take a lot of money. Yeah, it's always kind of the question of money. I remember that dealing with Victory Ship, Jeremiah O'Brien. I know they want to be seaworthy again. And that was one of the things, it's like, oh, you know, when are y'all going to be ready? They're like, well.

05:19:16 We don't know. It depends. Kind of depends on the money. And they're gas turbines, so they're not even coal fire. And there's a lot of considerations for coal fire that we don't usually think of. Like, you know, the USS Maine. Yeah, the Maine and also the ecology issues. Yep. We got some more questions from chat. Looks like, how long did it take to construct ships like...

05:19:45 Olympia? It took them about a year and a half to build Olympia. She was laid down in 1891 and launched at the tail end of 1892. Olympia is an interesting case in such that though we described this at the museum, she wasn't so much built as she was assembled. A lot of her constituent parts, because she was built in San Francisco,

05:20:11 Das war nicht wirklich ein industrialisiertes Town in den 1880s. A lot of her constituent parts were actually built here on the east coast and then railroaded across the country to be assembled on the west coast. So there's a neat kind of connection there as to basically the entire country coming together to build a single ship. Yeah, and I mean the Kaiser shipyards were still...

05:20:37 50 years, 60 years away. By the time she was built. So they didn't have the full shipbuilding infrastructure over there that they did in the 1940s. Yeah. I had a question. I skipped over. Were the powder charges kept as loose powder or were they in bags? I didn't even consider it because the armament was smaller caliber guns. 4 inch, 5 inch?

05:21:04 So for the 5-inch guns, the powder cartridges were bag cartridges. For the 8-inch guns, I want to say they were cartridge. And for the smaller 6-pounders, everything was a single piece. Projectile and powder charge were a single piece. So it already had 5-inch guns were cordite powder bags and everything like that. Cordite, back then, it was a lot of...

05:21:31 Was ist das, was du hast?

05:21:55 People always ask, what's the maximum range of a 5-inch 40 that she was originally armed with? Technically, it's 6 miles, but the reality of it is you can't see that far, so it's 2 miles at most, but also your powders might be unreliable. Oh, I didn't even consider that. I know that's kind of one of the jokes around propellant for naval guns is the fights, the conflicts over bat poop.

Guano als strategische Ressource und berühmte Kreuzerkapitäne

05:22:24

05:22:24 Because specifically of that, it was a necessary component in making propellants in this, I believe, right in this time period. That's when this started becoming a strategic concern. Was, hey, we need access to guano because we need it to produce consistent powder. The Brits were famously, I think, rolled up in that. I don't know if it was similar for Olympia.

05:22:52 At that point, the US was still new enough on the world stage that we hadn't quite gotten our feet under us yet to think about that. But certainly logistics was, yeah, it's again, like if the Brits have it, we'll buy it from them kind of a thing. Yeah. So like, you know, it's again, logistics wins wars. It's that kind of a thing.

05:23:13 Oh, we've got a question about the cruise, basically, for the cruisers in that time period. Question, who were some of the most respected cruiser captains who started on or used protected cruisers? Let's see. It sounds like this is a question that somebody knows the answer to, but they want to hear the answer out loud. I'm a little sus here, chat.

05:23:38 Well, I can tell you, obviously Gridley, who was Olympia's commanding officer during the Battle of Manila Bay. And then Captain Wyman was the commanding officer who brought the Unknown Soldier home. Olympia did do a stint as the flagship for the Naval Training Academy. And so maybe not necessarily some famous protected cruiser officers, but certainly some officers who trained aboard her and went on to have.

05:24:07 Notable careers. The biggest one. I cannot remember his name off the top of my head, but he was the commanding officer of the Arizona at Pearl Harbor. Oh, wow. He trained aboard Olympia when he was at the Naval Academy. Yeah. I don't think about that very often. Boats get kind of an artificially... Or ships, I guess, in this case. We're talking about submarines, so I've got boats on the mind. Ships can tend to have an artificially long service career by becoming training ships.

05:24:37 I remember one of the funniest ones to me, and one that I always kind of like...

05:24:43 Ja, ich glaube, es ist interessant. Ja, ich glaube, es war in den Great Lakes. Es war in den Steamboat Carriers. Ich weiß nicht mehr. Aber ja, sie hat ein paar 5-Inch Dual-Purpose Mounts auf Dreadnought.

05:25:13 Basically, es macht die Spiele relevant für länger. Und es ist spannend, dass Olympia das auch war, wo es zu Ende der Service-Life ist. Ja, und in Olympia's case, ihre Rolle als eine Naval Training-Ship wirklich stemmed aus der Notorität in den Labeis, als das Ende der Service-Service-Karriere ist, weil sie auch andere Dinge gemacht hat.

05:25:42 But certainly, especially Constellation down in Baltimore, is definitely one of those ships that would probably have been broken up a lot sooner had it not been for her stint as a training vessel. Yeah. Let's see. Another one. Oh, this is actually really interesting. It'd be interesting to see this, especially with the dramatic history of Olympia, to be honest. Were the original logbooks of Olympia preserved? So I guess do you have the logbooks still on hand?

Erhaltung und Digitalisierung der Logbücher der USS Olympia

05:26:11

05:26:11 They are preserved. We do not have them. The National Archives has them. And they are all digitized. So if you want to read them, you can go on their website and read them. That's awesome. To me, the Tomb of the Unknown, if you're watching, you haven't had a chance to go out there in Arlington, it's pretty incredible. It's one of those bits of history that you don't consider until you go out of your way to kind of look at it.

05:26:40 Ja, und wir haben das Geschichte in 2021 für die Centennale. Wir haben mit den Schubguards gearbeitet, und sie kamen und haben einen Sermon. Wir hatten eine, also ein Panel Show, auf dem Ship für ein paar Jahre, um die Geschichte zu erzählen. Das ist wunderbar. Ich bin froh, dass es so eine unglaubliche Erfahrung ist, um in Arlington zu sein. Ich war in Service für 10 Jahre, und ich habe ein Freund da.

05:27:06 Okay, if you get a chance to go back, ask to see the pistols that they use because the grip, the wooden grips, we gave them some wood from Olympia to use for their grips. It's incredible. I had no idea. I've got some friends, I think, probably still in 3rd Infantry Regiment. I'll have to give them a call and see.

05:27:25 I believe their table is also one of our original boarding blanks. Wow. Luckies. That's so cool to have. I love it. I have on my desk, for example, I have a block of deck wood from Texas that is attached to part of the torpedo blisters. So like pre-atomic steel.

05:27:49 really cool engraved um and i just i love it because it's that find and still looks dangerous and i i just i love it see actually kind of leads into the next question uh did olympia ever get the whole repairs and dry docking that it needed or is she still at risk uh so we have not gone to dry dock we have however uh for the past 10 years or so since 2015 the museum has been uh using what is called a coffer dam

05:28:18 ... ... ... ...

05:28:45 um more water comes in through the deck via rain than through the hall at this point um i'm not going to say we are bone dry um but we are certainly uh a far cry from where she was in the early 2010s yeah that's good that's i know um kid had some major issues with that texas of course had some huge issues hornet i guess has been spared a lot of that so far uh speaking to uh oh who do i talk to from them frequently

05:29:16 He's going to hate me because I forgot his name. But he always jokes. He's like, we always say that, you know, the big thing for us, our big selling point is our basement's dry, but we do have a leaky roof. Because I know Hornet's been struggling with getting the deck sealed up. I mean, it's just you're surrounded by your natural enemy, which is saltwater.

05:29:35 Ja, für uns die DEC has become an issue, weil wenn die Hände ist, dass es von der Navie ist, um die Worte zu halten. Aber die Worte ist sehr porös, so viele wissen. So es hat leden zu diesem Punkt, was es ist jetzt? Und es schwellen und schracken und ja. Ja, so das ist wo, das ist wo, das ist wo,

05:29:58 So the Navy, then, is officially the first case of people trying to flip a house by covering up a perfectly good hardwood floor. That's the first documented case of some hipster destroying a hardwood floor by covering it up. I think there's an argument to be made that that's probably true, yeah. You heard it here first, guys. Groundbreaking news.

05:30:24 Oh, this is something I don't consider, because I've only lived on Hornet for like a week in the Junior Officer Corps. How convenient was Olympia for the crew, considering day-to-day activities, bunks, lunch area, any entertainment? I know those cruisers, turn of the century, turn of the 20th century. Wow, it's weird to say that. Yeah.

Bedingungen an Bord der USS Olympia und Vergleich mit anderen Schiffen

05:30:49

05:30:49 I hadn't considered how dramatic the change would have been from that to even something like your Guppy 1A Bakuna. Yeah, I mean, well, so for Olympia, you know, your basic crew accommodations, you are still sleeping in hammocks and you are still elbow-to-elbow with the guy next to you. Olympia is very much the missing link between the old Sail Navy and the Wooden Steel Navy, or the new Steel Navy.

05:31:15 While she is a ship that is full of firsts, electrified at launch, refrigeration, all that kind of stuff, there is still a lot of the traditional kind of deck style. Her deck plan is very open. Birthing, eating, sleeping, all kind of happens in the same area. So if you visit, we do have some mechanics out to kind of give you the idea. So if you ever visit and kind of see all the black hooks on the overhead.

05:31:41 Or if you've seen Master and Commander and there's a couple of scenes where those guys are all sleeping next to you. The conditions are that you've replaced some of them with steel and that's kind of what you're looking at. That's incredible. I hadn't even considered because it's hard for me to wrap my head around.

05:32:01 How old the ship actually is now. Because like. She's 130 this year. Well I think about you know World War II. And I'm like oh yeah that was you know 60 years ago. No it was 80. It was more than 80 years ago. The 1980s. Yeah it was like 40 something years ago. And here we're talking about something from the 1890s. It's just incredible that she's still afloat. And the.

05:32:26 Das war es so-called Tall Ships und dann der Steel Navy. Ich erinnere mich zu Keith Nitka von Wisconsin. Er ist jetzt auf Tall Ships, ich glaube. Ich war mit ihm über was es eigentlich wie sleeping auf, even Wisconsin. Incredibly modern für ein Battleship, 1980s service time period. Ich glaube, er served aboard.

05:32:55 Und er ist gesagt, oh ja, du hast du gezwungen, du hast du gezwungen, du hast du gezwungen, du hast du gezwungen, du hast du gezwungen für World War II, und dann die Crew Size erhöht. Er ist gesagt, ja, aber wenn du in den Persian Gulf bist, find die coolste spot auf den Deck du kannst, und das ist wo du gezwungen. Es ist so wild, zu mir, die similarities sind, sogar in den 1980s. Almost 100 Jahre später, und still using gezwungen, und manchmal sleeping auf den Deck.

05:33:25 Ja, in any port in a storm, you do what you can. Oh, this is... This will be an interesting one I didn't expect. How do you compare USS Olympia 1891 to USS Texas 1892, so pre-Dreadnought battleship in size and function? I assume by just the pure fact that one was a pre-Dreadnought battleship, it was larger?

05:33:54 Ja, so die ersten USS Texas und der USS Maine waren die ersten Prototyped Battleships. Die US Navy war der ersten Vorhinein in den Bänden. So Olympia ist die größte, sie ist viel schneller, sie ist viel schneller, aber sie ist viel kleiner. So es ist noch ein Battleship und wir sind noch ein Cruzer. So das ist kind of wo die Unterschiede sind.

05:34:22 Now I'm going to have to, in my free time, otherwise it's going to just consume my mental bandwidth. I'm going to have to look at the relative tonnage between Battleship in 1890, Cruiser in 1890, and then Battleship in 1940 and Cruiser in 1940. But it might be a little bit hard. I think you'll find those numbers will probably balloon quite a bit. Exactly, yeah. The gap's going to get a little bit big between them two. Although America is famously...

05:34:54 The term cruiser. A little bit. I guess for lack of a better term. You look at World War II. We had the Omaha. Technically a cruiser. And we had Alaska. Also technically a cruiser.

05:35:14 Listen, sometimes we don't have a word for what something is, and we try to fit it in whatever shaped hole we currently have. Well, I love all of the lengths we went through to just not call it a battlecruiser. Yeah. It's just like, oh no, that's too British, we need to be American. It's like, oh, okay, sure. Alright, let's see.

05:35:39 Oh, okay. So we have a question. What was considered a tour of service on a protected cruiser for a low rating sailor? But I'm assuming somebody who's just come on board. I think it has to do with length of time as well as maybe what they would be doing. So if you are a brand new seaman recruit stepping aboard a protected cruiser for the first time,

05:36:08 Your experience isn't going to be too different because it's a particular cruiser versus if you were assigned to a battleship. Your length of service is three years. You have signed a contract for three years. Depending on where you're stationed, you're probably not going to stay home for three years. Young sailors are...

05:36:33 Ich glaube, es ist eigentlich die Jungen-Sailers, die Helmsman sind, weil das ist ein Job, wo du den Schiff gehalten hast, in die Richtung du bist. Viele Leute denken, dass das Schiff für ein Officer ist, weil er das ganze Schiff hat, und dass er nicht in den Schiff geht, aber der Officer ist derjenige.

05:37:00 Ja, das ist das.

05:37:28 Es macht mehr Sinn, die man denken über es. Wenn du derjenige Steigen, du bist nicht derjenige, dass du alles alles ausprobieren kannst. Du bist nur gesagt, was zu tun. Ich habe noch nie gehört, ich war in der Sniper School in 2008. Und du bist über die verschiedenen Jobs der verschiedenen Positionen inside der Team. Es ist okay, wenn du eigentlich derjenige Steigen hast, dein whole Job ist zu pullen die Trigger ohne die Riffel. Es ist like, surely da ist mehr. No.

05:37:56 No, you're just, you're basically told what your holdoff's gonna be from the team leader, from the spotter. You're told the conditions, and then you just need to hold it perfectly still at fire when he tells you to. Like, that's it. And it's like, oh, okay, it makes sense when you're in the moment, but unless you think about it, it makes no sense. And that's, I never would have ever considered the Helmsman as kind of like a junior member of the crew.

05:38:27 We've got a question, actually specifically for you. They ask, what made you become interested in what you were doing? They did note that your passion for the history of the ships is sky high. So it looks like they basically are really impressed with your passion and really appreciate it and want to know kind of what I guess got you into it.

Die persönliche Reise zur Marinegeschichte und die Faszination für U-Boote

05:38:49

05:38:49 So, I am a historian by trade, actually. I am from Baltimore originally. I saw someone shouting out Constellation in the chat earlier when I mentioned her. I graduated with a degree in history from University of Maryland in Baltimore County. I kind of fell into museums backwards. My first exposure to museums was actually at the Fire Museum of Maryland in Lutherville. And so, well, that was like fire trucks. But it was kind of my first big exposure to what we call

05:39:17 Ich habe mich in der Nähe, weil mein Grandfather in 2008 war, dass er das erste Mal in der Nähe war. Das war das erste Mal, dass er in der Nähe war. Er war immer der alten Fireman. Er war in der Baltimore City Fire Department. Mein Vater ist ein retired Baltimore City Fireman.

05:39:46 Das led me down the route of naval history. As we were cleaning out his basement afterwards, I was able to locate his ship cap in a cigar box full of photographs. While I still haven't quite nailed down his full service period, I was at least able to nail down what ship he was on, what his rating was, and what he did a little bit. When I got out of college, I was applying to different museums around.

05:40:13 In Historic Ships in Baltimore was the first museum to hire me. They gave me a job. Historic Ships in Baltimore has four ships in their collection. So being exposed to Constellation, Torsk, Taney, Chesapeake, and the lighthouse of the four ships, I ended up kind of falling in love with Torsk the most. And so that kind of narrowed my scope further down into submarines. So as you can see behind me, I have kind of subtly placed...

05:40:41 Propaganda for, of the two ships I currently work on, my favorite of the two. But then in 2016, Independent Seaport Museum was looking for someone who specifically knew submarines to kind of come up, take care of Bakuna and give her a voice because Olympia being the older, more notable of the two ships would kind of get all the attention. And so I came up here in 2016 and I have been here with the museum ever since.

05:41:08 See, now, now our conversations make sense. Where you're like, oh, are you sure you don't want Bakuna? We also have Bakuna. Just so you know, there is Bakuna, which is a guppy. Now it all makes sense. And it's really interesting. I won't say there wasn't an ulterior motive behind that conversation, but also to be fair, the list of themes you gave me, Bakuna did fit a little better.

05:41:34 Yes, incredibly well, actually. I don't know why. It's one of those moments where when I have to organize one of these, I'm starting with a list of 35 possible museums and I have to narrow it down. And a lot of them are kind of like, it kills you to narrow it down, but you get blind to what makes each one super interesting. So it's like, at a certain moment, you're just like, oh, hey, Protected Cruiser, really crazy. And I totally miss the fact that y'all have one of the guppies.

05:42:01 which is exactly what we're talking about here, which is like the lessons learned applied directly to the future of warfare on the naval side, because the anti-submarine warfare from 1942 to 1945 changed dramatically more than anti-submarine warfare from 19, the first World War I, so 1916, 1917 until 1940. Like there's an enormous dramatic shift in there.

05:42:28 Ich bin sehr glücklich, dass du deine Gums hast, und wir sind sehr glücklich, dass du uns die Bokkuna bist, weil es unglaublich ist. Und du bist, wie ich mich, die Bokkuna ist.

05:42:51 I like to think so. Paul's a pretty close second. Yeah, we had Paul on with Khan. It's great, too, that they're in World War II configuration the same way the crew would have been. So it's wonderful to have basically two in different states that we can show our audience. I think they're phenomenal. When I was young, obviously, growing up watching Hunt for October.

05:43:15 Oh, no. Crimson Tide? Yeah, there we go. Watching the summery movies and, of course, up Periscope. You just want to be on a boat. They're so cool. And then, of course, I went into the Army as a paratrooper instead because that makes sense. But one of the things, too, is... If you're a paratrooper, then...

05:43:39 What's your take on who's crazy? Is it somebody who wants to jump out of the plane or somebody who wants to go under the ocean? I have a reserve parachute. You don't have a reserve submarine. That's a valid point. That is a valid point. Flat out. It takes a special breed, I think, to be in the silent service. And that's why they're held with such high regard, especially with the nukes. I mean, you're underwater so long. For me, it's, yeah, I've got a reserve parachute. Whether or not it's poison time, eh.

05:44:08 But at least I have one. You know? It's definitely something else entirely. Let's see. We have some other ones. Okay. We have somebody who's wondering, probably quick, how far along are you all on the waterline deterioration? I'm assuming they mean the repairs. So how much longer, I guess, are you looking at for repairs?

05:44:38 So that kind of goes back to what we were talking about earlier with the cofferdam. We are at a point right now where we have to actually start looking at redesigning the cofferdam. Because the way that the seal works, the cofferdam we currently have designed is designed for kind of the amidship section where the hull is fairly flat all the way down. But the closer you get to the balancer and the hull shape changes and so that's going to necessitate a re-engineering of the cofferdam.

05:45:07 So, we are about at that point in the process where we're going to have to go back to the contractor who actually built us the cofferdam and kind of pick his brand a little bit and kind of figure out what to do from there. Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense.

05:45:23 I did some road construction, some underground construction, stuff like that. We used a similar system basically when we were working close to the water. We had to build the dugouts and everything like that. That's another thing to me. You've got to trust the physics working in a cofferdam. I guess I'll say that. You've got to trust that the engineers know what they're talking about. Something about being underwater when you just... I don't know.

05:45:52 Das ist wild zu mir. Ja, wir sind sehr glücklich. Ich werde zu sagen, Eric Karlsson von Philadelphia Machine Works. Er hat uns mit uns. Er hat das Projekt mit uns in 2015 gemacht. Und er hat uns mit uns seit. Er hat sich eine große Asset für den Museum und den Schiff. Das ist awesome. Ja. Ich liebe sehen, dass die Schiffen sind. Das war unglaublich awesome. Especially in Texas und alles. Seeing die Repairers getting to Seer in Dry Dock.

05:46:21 We were there when the torpedo bulges were cut off and they put new blisters on. I love that stuff. In another life, I would have probably gone into engineering.

05:46:33 I tried. I started out as Mechanical Engineer and decided, nope, not for me. Well, I think your path isn't too uncommon. But one of the crazy things, too, was you talk about, what was it, macro... Macro artifacts? Yeah. When I was on Hornet, I was there for Game Developer Conference and an event aboard Hornet.

05:47:00 Und ich habe die Möglichkeit, zu selbstverständlich plugen Archeologen zu einer Gruppe von Archeologen, die da für ein Konferenz waren, und ich habe gesagt, hey, did you know? Hey, did you know? Da sind alle museums. Das ist eine unglaubliche Zeit, um zu studieren, die Human Condition zu haben. Ah, gut, die Artefacts, die sind wirklich cool.

05:47:28 Hopefully it went through. It's awesome to see that that was kind of your pipeline into it. Hopefully I will have made some others from that group interested enough to pursue and do what you have done and make teaching people about such incredible things kind of your passion.

05:47:51 Let's see, we got another one. Oh, seaworthiness. So I have a question. How seaworthy was Olympia in storms? They said they heard it survived a storm, bringing home the unknown soldier. And then, quote, tell us a storm story, exclamation point, end quote.

Seetüchtigkeit der USS Olympia und Kommunikation zwischen Museumsschiffen

05:48:13

05:48:13 All right, so Olympia as Seaworthy, she floated. That's kind of the best thing I can say about her. Her hull design, again, harkening back to the tie between Old Sailing and Modern Steel, her hull still very much has that kind of tumblehome shape that you would expect to see of frigates. And so in rough seas, if she's not oriented correctly, she will.

05:48:40 Ich glaube, es war eine 15-Journey von Franschen, und 10 von denen waren wir durch die storm. Und sie rollen als 39-degrees, von einer Seite zu der anderen. Und ihre Toleranz vor der Capsize war 43-degrees. So sie kam real close, ein paar Mal.

05:49:06 Through the entirety, we have several diaries from different crew members and different Marines on that mission. And so one of them, the most notable one, is Captain Graves Erskine, who was kind of the captain of Marines who were responsible for being the honor guard for the unknown on that voyage. He later went on to serve in World War II and made a name for himself there as well.

05:49:29 But the storm was so bad that in his diary, he recalls four inches of water in the wardroom on the berth deck. So, you know, we've got top deck, main deck, berth deck. Waves were large enough to actually break over the pilot house and kind of swamp the main deck coming back forward. Oh my goodness. He wrote in his diary that he never wanted to step aboard another ship again after that mission. No, just hearing the stories of ships and storms. I mean, you like...

05:49:58 You talk about it, or, you know, people talk about, started saying, oh, you know, the ship is almost unsinkable. Oh, it's so hard. And it's like, yeah, but the ocean's really big. And the Atlantic in particular is incredibly violent. It's like, ah, I just, why don't you go on a cruise? Because the ocean exists. The ocean does not, does not.

05:50:24 Broker intolerance well. You have to respect her. Well, and it's incredible, too. In this job, we had two representatives from Force Blue, a non-profit ex-special operations guys who now do kind of ecological repair, and they talk about being in the water during storms.

05:50:50 And I'm like, no, no, no, that's extra now. Being on a boat. Yeah, that's fine. Being underwater when like you're being pushed and pulled in at night when you're using a rebreather. So you have to actually like power it yourself. You don't have air pressure. No, no, it's not. It's not for me. I made the right career choice staying dry. I have enough of a man to say that.

05:51:15 Es ist nicht für mich, weil ich nur imagine. Die 39-degere Liste, für alle, die in der watching ist, ist insane. Weil das bedeutet, dass du einfach bist, auf die Deck, auf die Wasser. Du kannst einfach auf die Deck, auf die Wasser. Und das ist einfach absurd zu mir.

05:51:41 Oh, we have one about Manila. Is there any battle damage that still exists on USS Olympia from the Battle of Manila?

05:51:49 Nothing still exists. To be quite honest, Olympia did not take any major damage during that battle. The one area that we know was hit, if you ever visit us, as you walk into Olympia along the entrance gangway that we have, there's a six-pounder gun. The entrance gangway takes you into the stateroom area for the officers. There's a six-pounder gun right as you enter the ship.

05:52:16 um she had received a small six pounder round just above that gun um but you can't really see it today that is the only damage that like we kind of can corroborate we know where it was that's uh i'm gonna have to take a trip out to y'all because i've stood on the spot of the temper temper shell hit at wisconsin so now i need to come and visit y'all and see that too yeah absolutely

05:52:42 Chat, you will hear plenty about that later in this stream. We will have Dave from Wisconsin on here, from Nauticus, aboard USS Wisconsin. Let's see. Oh, this is really cool because I totally didn't even know this. Do you ever communicate with Pittsburgh and their Guppy sub, Rakeen? Rakeen, yes.

05:53:08 Pittsburgh, not so much. Much of the museum fleet does talk and communicate between each other, especially as Paul was saying, we all kind of have our own problems, but all of our problems are largely the same. They're just different scaling. So like we have, if anyone's familiar with Historic Naval Ships Association, all of us have a symposium that we go to every year. And within that, you kind of have like the sub club, the gun club for the big ships, the big battleships and cruisers.

05:53:37 We call the carriers the bird's nests. I don't think they're aware of that, but if any of them are watching, they might be now. I'm sure Craig's retired now from Midway. I'm sure he's somewhere shaky as fisty. But there are a few museum ships who aren't quite as integrated into HINSA as the rest of us are, and Reckwind's kind of one of them. So I've met a few people from Reckwind, but we don't really collaborate as much as we do with other museum ships.

05:54:06 Ja, und das ist, du hast gesagt, die Historical Naval Ships Association. Wenn ihr alle schaut, geht es. Es ist wirklich cool. Sie machen ein paar interessante Sachen, um die Historical Naval Ships zu tun. Aber es ist ein guter Punkt, wenn ihr interessiert, wie viele Museums da eigentlich sind in das. Warst du zum letzten Jahr? Ich habe, ja. Ich war in Midway.

05:54:31 We were there. I'm looking forward to Buffalo this year. We'll be out that way. Yeah, we're planning on going up to Buffalo as well. Nice. So we'll look for you there. Yeah, we'll be there. We've got...

Torpedorohre auf Kreuzern und die Geschichte der Bakuna

05:54:51

05:54:51 Well, I'm not sure this is the type of question you can answer. I kind of know a little bit, but this is about ship design at large. Why didn't the U.S. Navy utilize torpedo tubes on their cruiser designs? Japan famously had long lances on like everything they could fit them on. But the U.S. Navy, I know we didn't really have torpedoes on cruisers except like the Omahas.

05:55:20 I think the answer to this is largely going to depend on what time period you're talking about. I can tell you that Olympia was designed with torpedo tubes. When she was launched, she had six torpedo tubes. You can actually still see the remnants of her balance journal ones today when you visit us. Really? They were taken off. In Olympia's case, they were removed in her 1902 refit, I believe, largely because at that point, torpedoes still kind of sucked.

05:55:46 Any new technology, there's going to be kinks involved. And just the way Naval Doctrine was shaping up, it didn't make sense to put torpedoes on cruisers when you could put them on small, fast e-boats and make them more effective that way. Yeah. Were they the subsurface, like below waterline torpedo tubes? I know there were a few U.S. battleships that had them, but it ended up that because of the mining effect of ships.

05:56:12 Die Wasser-Line Torpedo-Tubes waren eigentlich detrimental zu der Structural Integrität. Ich weiß nicht, ob hers war über die Wasser-Line. Ours wäre es einfach über die Wasser-Line. Wenn Sie uns heute besitzen, sie ist ein bisschen hoch, so sie sind ein bisschen höher auf die Wasser-Line, als sie nachdem, aber sie waren über die Wasser-Line. Okay. Ich dachte, das war wild. Die Original-Torpedo-Tube designs für einige von diesen Spielen, und es ist wie...

05:56:41 The mining effect of the shell I feel like would make that not a good idea. You catch a near miss, suddenly you have pressure in an area that might not handle pressure very well.

05:56:56 Ja, und ihr Torpedotubes wäre schon above ihr Armored Deck, so sie würden nicht mehr protected. Ja, ich weiß, dass das eine... Es ist eigentlich eine liabschiede auf die Japanese Cruisers, später in der war. Ich sage später, ich meine, es starte in 1942 mit Midway, wo sie haben, dass sie ihre Torpedos haben, bevor sie in den Engagement haben, weil sie eine enorme Warhead und die Propellent für die Longlances haben.

05:57:26 Ja.

05:57:49 Ja, aber in Destroyer's case, Speed is armorer. Oder Lack of armor is armorer in the Johnstons' case. Ja, if the guy's shooting at you thinks you're bigger than you are and loads armor-piercing instead of high-explosive. Ja, ja. Absolutely. And I have... I have one last...

05:58:20 I have one last question, because I want to hear, since you're so passionate about Bakuna, and you are really the reason she is featured on this, and I want to give you the opportunity to fill the room, fill the chat in the stream with your passion and intelligence on the subject. What's your favorite anecdote or your favorite story about Bakuna or operational history refit? Whatever you want, I want to see.

05:58:46 I have several. So one of the ones that I have is actually from World War II. We actually put Periscope on Yamato.

05:58:58 So, during World War II, Bakuna's patrol area was largely off the coast of southern Vietnam. In December of 1944, December 23rd, 1944, in her patrol reports, it starts out by narrating kind of, radar is picked up to...

05:59:22 Pings, essentially. A fairly large ping and a smaller ping. And so our CO kind of assumes this is a small convoy. The smaller ping must be the escort and the larger ping must be a bunch of ships kind of grouped together. So he takes his boat, he dives, he penetrates the destroyer screen. He comes up inside the screen and the patrol log just reads up periscope.

05:59:50 eine Yamato-Klasse-Battleship und eine Nachi-Klasse-Kreuzer. Das war das Ende der Krieg ist. Es ist December 23, 1944. Shinano wurde in November sankt. Musashi wurde in Oktober sankt. Und so Yamato ist die einzige lefte. Ja. Unfortunately, Yamato und die Heavy Cruiser haben verändert.

06:00:18 Ja, das ist...

06:00:49 Actually, I can't imagine. You're like, okay, it's going to be an S-Core, so it might be, you know, Akatsuki-type destroyer, one of the smaller ones, and some freighters or something like that popping up. It's like, oh, okay. It's the last enormous battleship ever made. It's the biggest battleship in the world. It is every submarine skipper's dream, and you're not in the correct position. Yeah. It's just kind of like, oh, it's a heartbreak.

06:01:14 I mean, the good news is like, hey, positional intelligence, which, you know, kind of one of the secondary goals of submarines, but at the same point in time, and that was, it's important to note too, you talk about different, you know, people talk about different types of characteristics in ship commanders. The submarine commanders far and away from my understanding were the most aggressive out there because you had to be.

06:01:41 You had to capitalize, you had to take that risk of, all right, we're going to dive, we're going to penetrate, we're going to see what this is. And then it can very easily turn into a disadvantageous position quite rapidly. And that was actually a problem early on in the war where the U.S. Navy's submarine training for commanding officers was to be very reserved because the Navy valued the boat over any kind of losses the boat might inflict. And so part of like...

06:02:08 Training for submarine skippers was to go up in a helicopter off of Hawaii, look down on a submarine at periscope depth, and essentially be like, oh, that boat's at 60 feet, but I can still see her clear as day. The problem with that is that the waters around Hawaii, very clear. The waters in the rest of the Pacific, not so much. And so it's not until 1943 with commanders like Dudley Morton, Dick O'Kane, Ramage.

06:02:34 The more aggressive kind of style skippers that are finally getting boats of their own and going out and changing kind of the culture within the command force. I remember that was one of the big things too they had to overcome was like, no submarines, we're getting into position. We are aggressive. We're getting what we're supposed to be. We're shooting right. The torpedoes you gave us are not good. Because it was the Mark 14s just, I know they had a lot of like the, if they hit, what was it? If they got a perfect hit.

06:03:02 Sie würden nicht detonate, weil es würde die Fuged-Cap nicht so können. Ja, die Mar-14 hatten eine große Probleme mit dem Magnetik-Exploder. Und dann, als das das, das ist, oh, das ist nicht realistisch. Also, das ist nicht realistisch. Also, das ist nicht realistisch. Ja, das ist nicht realistisch. All die Magnetik-Exploders hatten eine Percussion-Cap-Backup. Aber wenn die Torpede hit an einem perfekt richtigen Angeln, wie du hast dein Schott dead-on... Ja, das ist was du. ...de metal in den Firing Pin...

06:03:30 Es war nicht stark genug, so es würde sichern auf, ohne es zu tun. Man hat die Angelegenheit, so das war fixiert. Ironically enough, die METAL, die die METAL haben, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL, um die METAL.

06:03:47 I had no idea. And I know it was kind of a thing like, no, the torpedoes work. You guys just aren't using them right. And they're like, no, I'm doing everything I'm supposed to do. I promise. And that was one of those bureaucratic inertia moments. It was the Navy and the Bureau of Hornets kind of not willing to admit that they had gotten something wrong. I forget what submarine it was, but one of these boats pretty much fired.

06:04:15 13 Torpedos a target and only two of them actually exploded and he brought the last one home to Charles Lockwood who then pulled the torpedo, lifted the weapon with the crane, dropped it straight down and it didn't explode. Yeah. I can't remember which submarine it was either because he was one of the very aggressive ones. I want to say it's like Muskelunge or something. It was one of the weird names. A lot of them are weird names. And they're all named Dr. Fish. Yeah.

06:04:42 Well, Greg, it has been absolutely incredible having you on. I'm so happy we were able to bring you in. So happy we were able to dedicate so much time. Everybody who's watching, head on down to Independence Seaport. They have so much to offer. Go say hi to Greg. Listen to some of these stories. Check out some of the ships there. Go see historical boats get built. This is your chance to really engage with and be part of history.

06:05:10 Thank you very much, Greg. Really appreciate it. You've been wonderful, and I hope we have you on again soon. And see you at Hinza. Thank you guys for having me. Yeah, it's always a pleasure. I'll be back whenever you want. Awesome. See you guys in Buffalo. Thank you much.

06:05:37 those unique ships um you finally get a chance to

06:05:44 ...to interact with or get the museum engaged. It's always such a wonderful opportunity. But we are going to take a moment here. I don't want to say a commercial break because honestly it's Magellan TV and that doesn't do them justice. They do incredible... They do a lot of incredible documentaries. We have a little bit. I don't want to say we have a full episode. We have a clip for you from Magellan TV, one of our sponsors.

06:06:12 It starts with a horrific surprise attack.

06:06:39 und dann wird es wie eine Tidal-Wave über die große Strecke aus dem Öl. Bevor es vorbei ist, der Konflikt in den Pacifisch ist eine völlig neue Form von naval warfare, und führt die brave Menschen in den Krieg über die Krippel-Terrain. Dies ist die Geschichte episch von terrifying Fanatik.

06:07:09 Und Personal Perroism. Told in compelling detail. With specially enhanced color film. And rarely seen footage, often shot by the troops themselves. For the first time put together to answer the question. Why did Japan's gamble to deliver a quick, decisive knockout blow fail?

Zusammenfassung des Magellan TV Clips über den Pazifikkrieg

06:07:36

06:07:36 This is World War II in the Pacific.

06:08:08 November 26, 1941. North of Japan's Kuril Islands, a huge Japanese fleet sets off on a secret mission across the Pacific. Thousands of miles away, at the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor on Hawaii, all is peaceful.

06:08:39 Much of the US Pacific Fleet is in port. Under total radio silence, six Japanese aircraft carriers and over a dozen smaller warships are heading south on a collision course with destiny. Eleven days later, the fleet is within striking distance of Hawaii.

06:09:14 At Pearl Harbor, American troops are waking up to another beautiful day. Aboard the Japanese carriers, there's a last minute briefing. Then a wave of over 180 warplanes takes off.

06:09:45 Eine Stunde später, sie sind über Pearl Harbor.

06:10:18 Within an hour, two US battleships are sinking, two capsize and two more are badly damaged. US aircraft lined up on the island's airstrips are also hit.

06:10:52 As news of the attack spreads across America, there's shock and horror. But there is also a question. Why has America been caught napping? The answer? Until recently, Japan and America have been friends.

06:11:16 Aber mit der großen Depressionen, Japan findet die gleiche Krankheit wie Europa. Nationalismus-Nationalismus. In Deutschland, Hitler beobacht die Welt, als er die Macht hat. In Italien, Mussolini singt die gleiche Nationalismus-Tune.

06:11:48 Now in Japan, a new militaristic regime vows to restore the country's greatness through force. In 1937, a ruthless Japanese war machine tears through China.

06:12:20 Three years later, they expand their brutal actions with the invasion of the former French colonies of Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos. It's a move that finally forces America to react.

06:12:42 In der Sommer 1941, die USA verabschiedet Japan's finanziellen Assetzungen, und eine Öl-Embargo verabschiedet hat. Es schlägt Japan hart. Der Land bekommt 80% der Öl aus Amerika. Die Japanischen Diplomaten gehen nach Washington, um zu sprechen.

06:13:08 Die Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern sind intensiv. Aber niemand in den USA erwartet mehr. Dann ein neues Japaner-Leader nimmt Kontrolle. Hideki Tojo ist ein Ambitious General und ein Fanatikal-Nationalist.

06:13:39 In the spring of 1941, two and a half months after the US oil embargo, Tojo is appointed prime minister. His dream is a Japanese empire spanning Asia.

06:14:03 Tojo ist nicht interessiert in den USA mit den USA. Er ist schrecklich für eine Krieg. Er kalkuliert, dass, wenn er die Amerikas-Pasifik-Fleet abschließt, die US-Oppositionen einfach verletzt wird.

06:14:29 In early December 1941, the US War Department intercepts warnings of an imminent Japanese attack. But when it comes on the morning of December 7th, American troops are caught completely by surprise.

06:14:55 Aber wenn Japan glaubt, dass sie den Knock-Out-Bloh zu US-Naval-Präsidenten in der Region hat, ist sie falsch. Auf der Morgen der Bombing Raid, die drei wichtigsten Spiele in der Pacific, ihre Flugzeugkirche, sind nicht in Port. Sie verlieren sich dann, dass es ein majorer Japaner Fehler ist.

06:15:25 Yet in the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbor, America will be caught napping again and again.

06:15:44 10 Stunden nach dem Angriff auf Pearl Harbor, die Japaner Bombers plötzlich auf Clark Field sind in den Philippinen. Das ist die Hauptsitzung der Hauptsitzung in Südwesten.

06:16:18 Die Japaner haben die US auf der Hoppe für eine zweite Zeit.

06:16:54 In Amerika, shock turns to outrage.

06:17:04 32 Stunden nach dem Angriff auf Pearl Harbor, Präsident US-Präsident Franklin Roosevelt declares Krieg auf Japan.

06:17:42 Aber bevor die Amerikaner sich um ihre Werte zu organisieren, gibt es noch ein weiteres Paralyse der Japanischen Krieg. In den Tagen der Luftwaffe, auf den Philippinen, tausende von Japanischen Werte zu schwarzen.

06:18:14 Mit kein Luftwaffe, die US-Defenzen sind gegründet. In einer Reihe von swift, ruthlessen Assaults, die Japaner fangen aus über den Land.

06:18:40 10 Tage später, die Philippine Kapital Manila ist getötet. Für den US-Kommander in der Region ist es eine Humiliation. Douglas MacArthur ist einer der Amerikaner der größten Generale der Amerikaner.

06:19:10 Aber ausgewählte und ausgewählte, nichts kann er tun. Endlich, in Early März, unter dem Präsidenten von amerikanischen Präsidenten, MacArthur fließt nach Australien.

06:19:35 Die USA sehen ihn als zu wichtig, um das Risiko zu sein, dass er als Prisoner sein könnte. MacArthur will zurück. Aber die Japaner haben nur die Norddeutschland-Australien Stadt der Darwin geholfen.

06:20:03 Es ist eine wichtigste Allied-Base in der Pacific. Echt Schiff wurden in der Stadt gebrochen, und ein weiterer 10, sehr verletzt. Zwei Luftflüge wurden auch aufgerufen, verletzten Flugzeug und Öl-Storage-Tanks, und verletzten mehrere hunderten Menschen. Die Raid hat einen Chaos zu Allied-Supply-Lines.

06:20:33 There are fears it may be followed by a Japanese invasion MacArthur is swept up in the defense of the country The Philippines will have to wait

06:21:05 An isolierten und schrecklichen Gruppen der Amerikaner sind auf dem Bataan-Peninsular. Sie fangen in und warten für Hilfe. Nichts kommt. Wir sind die Battlinge der Bataan-Bataan, sie sagen bitterly. No Papa, no Mama, no Uncle Sam.

06:21:40 Facing repeated Japanese assaults with supplies running out, the US forces are up against impossible odds. After four months of savage fighting, 70,000 US troops and their Filipino allies surrender.

06:22:13 Up to 10,000 of them will die on the Bataan Death March, before they even reach Japanese Prisoner of War Camps. Throughout early 1942, the US and her allies suffer a series of massive defeats across the Pacific.

06:22:43 Japanese troops occupy the British colony of Malaya. They spread out across the country. A month later, they overrun the capital, Kuala Lumpur. Allied forces withdraw to Singapore, the center of British rule in the Pacific. The British believe they've turned the island into an impregnable fortress.

06:23:13 But all the guns point south, out to sea. The Japanese are approaching from the north. Britain sends two warships to attack Japanese troop convoys.

06:23:46 by Japanese bombers. Both ships are sunk in less than two hours. Almost a thousand of their crew are lost. The British defences in Singapore are soon reduced to chaos.

06:24:13 A force of over 90,000 Allied troops surrender.

06:24:39 Almost simultaneously, the British garrison in Hong Kong is invaded. It takes the Japanese just two weeks to overrun it. Hong Kong is followed by Burma.

06:25:07 Die Länder haben sich nicht verletziert. In zwei Monaten, die Japaner haben die Kapitel, Rangoon. Echt Wochen später, Japan kontrolliert das ganze Land. Across dem Pacífic, die Domino's fallen.

06:25:34 Es ist Zeit für die Amerikaner und ihre Alli-Allen zurückkehren. Die große Frage ist, warum? Als US-Military planners studieren mapen von Japan und den Ozean Pacífic, eine Sache ist kristallisch. Japan ist verletzend von einer enormes kraftvollen Navy.

06:26:08 A seaborne assault, so soon after the crippling attack on the US Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor, would be suicidal. But an airborne attack is equally impossible. The nearest US base had been in the Philippines. Now the closest bases are in sights like...

06:30:02 Der Mann, der in der Hand ist einer der Amerikaner der Flüsse der Amerikaner. Sein Name ist Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, ein Mann bekannt für seine Werte und seine Werte in der Luft. Er ist der erste Mann, die über die USA fliehen in weniger als 24 Stunden lang. Er hat Trophäe gewonnen für Speed und Enduranz.

06:30:29 Er ist der erste Mann, um sich auf, fliehen und ein Flugzeug auszusehen, nur die Instrumente zu steuern. Aber das wird Jimmy Doolittle der größten und gefährlichen Mission noch sein.

06:30:55 4 Monate nach dem Verrückte Atacke in Pearl Harbor, Amerika ist endlich bereit für zurückkehren. Die USS Hornet setzelt aus San Francisco, mit 16 B-25 Mitchell-Bombers strappet zu ihrer Deck. Sie sind zu groß, um unten zu sein.

06:31:23 Twelve days later, halfway across the Pacific, they link up with a second US carrier, the Enterprise, and an escort of cruisers and destroyers. On April the 17th, there's a small ceremony aboard Hornet.

Doolittle Raid und seine Folgen

06:31:44

06:31:44 Japanese Medals, donated to US servicemen during a state visit to Japan in 1908. A ceremonially strap to one of the huge 500 pound bombs. The bombs are also daubed with slogans. One says, you'll get a bang out of this. And another, I don't want to set the world on fire, just Tokyo.

06:32:19 16 Tage nach dem USA zu verlassen, die Hornet ist innerhalb der Strecke von Japan. Aber dann gibt es eine Erdbewegung. Radar-Aberatoren auf Enterprise lösen zwei japanische Böte nebenbei. Ein Messer ist auf die Hornet geflasht. Zwei Flüchtlinge aufzunehmen.

06:32:52 The Enterprise sends up reconnaissance aircraft to check on them. They find a small patrol boat, then a couple more. They appear to be part of a Japanese early warning system. The US warships open fire.

06:33:21 Hundreds of shells target the Japanese boats. One sinks. But Hasward got out of the approaching US fleet. The Americans face a dilemma. Steam on and risk being trapped by the Japanese Navy.

06:33:50 ...or launch their aircraft immediately, even though they're further from Japan than planned. The US commanders decide it's too risky to delay the attack. But it will mean Doolittle and his men, already flying at the limit of their range, will now have to fly even further. At 8 a.m., a message is flashed to Hornet.

06:34:18 Launch planes. To Colonel Doolittle and Gallant Command, good luck and God bless you. At 8.20 a.m., the first B-25 takes off.

06:34:40 Huge waves turn the carrier deck into a seesaw. The other aircraft follow at brief intervals. A man at the end of the deck watches the dips so the aircraft can take off on a rising deck. One of the most daring raids in aviation history is underway.

06:35:20 4 Stunden später, die Doolittle-Raiders sind in Tokio. Der Raid ist vorbei in ein paar Minuten.

06:35:55 Though the physical damage is minimal, the emotional damage to the Japanese people is profound. They've long believed their homeland to be invulnerable. Doolittle and his raiders prove it's not. Several hours later, the Americans are on course for the landing strips in China.

06:36:27 Unter dem China Sea, sie fangen in eine Fülle-Sapping-Headwind, die alle zu verhindern.

06:36:53 All but seven of the 80 raiders will eventually make it home to safety. Many helped by the local Chinese population. Back in America, they're given a hero's welcome. Doolittle is promoted to general and becomes a national hero.

06:37:15 America, the sleeping giant, has shown its teeth. And the Doolittle Raid is just the beginning. What the Raid shows is that the Japanese gamble at Pearl Harbor has failed.

06:37:40 America is finally ready to unleash a whole new form of naval warfare. One that will transform the war in the Pacific entirely. By late spring 1942, the US war machine has geared up. Civilian factories turn over to armaments.

06:38:11 Untertitelung des ZDF für funk, 2017

Japans Reaktion und die Schlacht im Korallenmeer

06:38:33

06:38:33 US Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox speaks for many when he announces. The Japs started this war. We are going to finish. Tokyo's response to the April 1942 Doolittle Raid is typically swift and thorough.

06:39:01 Hideki Tojo, the Japanese Prime Minister, orders military planners to build a defensive ring of land bases around Japan's empire. The idea? To secure Japan's vital supplies of natural resources, like oil. Half the ring is already in place. Japan controls most of the Chinese coast, Southeast Asia and the Philippines.

06:39:38 In early May 1942, to fill the gaps, she grabs the Solomon Islands. Two days later, a powerful Japanese fleet steams into the Coral Sea, hoping to capture Papua New Guinea.

06:40:11 Der französische Kommandante ist vielleicht Japan's größte Strategist. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto war der Mastermind der Attacken auf Pearl Harbor. Er ist Harvard-Educatet. Er versteht Amerika.

06:40:38 At his disposal is perhaps the most powerful navy in the world. It includes three aircraft carriers, nine cruisers, 15 destroyers and dozens of support vessels. But Yamamoto is not the only top naval commander in the world.

06:41:09 Facing him across the Coral Sea is one of America's finest admirals. Chester Nimitz is Commander in Chief of the US Navy in the region. Nimitz fought in World War I and is recognized as a brilliant tactician. He also leads a large fleet.

06:41:38 Es gibt zwei Fahrzeugen, und ein Assorten von Kruisern und Destroyern. Einige haben mirakulösslich die Devastation in Pearl Harbor gewandelt. Einige haben sich schnell verabschiedet. Als die zwei große Flüsse befinden sich in China verabschieden, ist die Krieg in der Welt zu verändern.

06:42:15 Traditional naval warfare has been a gun battle between warships. A clash of artillery at sea. It's almost always involved visual contact. But the centerpiece of the new fleets are aircraft carriers. They're armed with fighters and fighter bombers.

06:42:46 Es ändert alles. Guns sind nur defensiv. Opposenten Carriere können hunderte von miles entfernt werden. Die Kampfung ist in der Nähe. Die neue Emphasis ist auf die Intelligenz und Logistik-Gathering.

06:43:12 Find out where the enemy is and getting your aircraft in the air before he can.

06:43:35 Für zwei Tage, die US- und die Japaner Flüte senden Flugzeugen, um den Korrelsee zu holen. Keine Ahnung, was da ist, oder wo der Krieg ist. Endlich, US-Wallpläne befinden die Japaner Schoho-Karriere.

06:44:05 Nimitz sends up dive bombers.

06:44:36 You guys are starting to see all those stacked brain injuries suddenly. But yeah, go and check out MagellanTV. They've got a lot of really cool history content. That was, I forget the name of that documentary in particular. I believe it was. World War II in the Pacific.

06:44:56 Japan's Gamble was the documentary you all saw clips from. So yeah, go ahead, give them a visit. But now we'll go ahead and we will take a look at our next highlight museum. The name is Buffalo and Erie County Naval and Military Park.

06:45:20 Oh, I know Shane out there is watching that and just absolutely squirming, because I totally butchered that. It's a long name, but you all will know them famously as the location of the USS The Sullivans, as well as USS Little Rock. We'll be focusing with this video on the USS Little Rock. So go ahead, tune in, and check out a Cleveland that became a missile cruiser.

Die USS Little Rock: Vom Kreuzer zum Lenkwaffenkreuzer

06:45:59

06:45:59 Welcome to The Longest Night at the Museum, brought to you by World of Warships. And for this video, we're going to be talking about the USS Little Rock, which is homeported here at the Buffalo Naval Park. And for today's video, what we're going to be talking about is that transition from a Cleveland-class cruiser to a guided missile cruiser, and some of the things that were going on in the world and the Navy at that time.

06:46:30 So a little background about the USS Little Rock, she was constructed as a Cleveland-class cruiser at the Cramp Shipbuilding Company in Philadelphia for World War II. She was commissioned in June of 1945, and so by the time of her shakedown cruise, the war in the Pacific was beginning to wind down.

06:46:52 Sie war nicht sofort decommissioniert, und sie war von 1945 bis 1949. Sie wurde dann aus der Service geöffnetet und wurde dann wieder reconstituted, wie Sie heute sehen, als eine Guided Missile Cruiser, in 1957, mit ihr being recommissioniert in June 1960.

06:47:19 She then went on to serve the United States from 1960 through 1976. And most of her theaters were in the 2nd Fleet in the Atlantic and the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean.

06:47:38 So, at the end of World War II, the United States learned many valuable lessons. Two of those was that no enemy surface fleet could challenge the supremacy of the Fast Carrier Task Force.

06:48:02 The second was that no submarine, as at that time constructed, could penetrate the Fast Carrier Task Force. So with the Fast Carrier Task Force, you are now neutralizing threats from the surface and also under the water. But this hasn't really...

06:48:25 Das war die Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung des Änderung.

06:48:50 Of course, there is some urgency in developing jet technology, missile technology and the platforms that can hold them in the sea lines of communication.

06:49:02 Of course, the United States had the most destabilizing weapon of all, the atomic bomb, that they had a monopoly on for about 10 years after World War II. So the world was changing. The United States was becoming the world's superpower. Colonial powers were retreating back to their home islands or home countries.

06:49:27 The Soviet Union was beginning to place people's fronts in various countries to destabilize their potential democracy and have the world choose communism. And it's within this world, this early Cold War period, that the United States said, we have a lot of cruiser hulls, we are developing technology.

06:49:54 So we have the development of cruisers, you've got the development of missile technology, and now how to put it together. Well, for the United States, there are a lot of questions they needed to ask.

06:50:22 The first development was the 3T program, the Talos Terrier and Tartar system.

06:50:32 And then, once the missiles are developed, which cruiser platform or destroyer leader to now put it on? Very early in the post-war world, the Chief of Research and Development for the U.S. Navy, Rear Admiral Bowen, put his thoughts down on paper of what we need moving forward into the future.

06:50:56 Er hat er eine brauchen für ein Anti-Aircraft, ein Anti-Ship, ein Anti-Surface und ein Anti-Submarine. Für die Ship, Surface oder Shore und die Anti-Submarine, er hat die Fast Carrier Task Force, die möglicherweise zu tun haben. Es war die Anti-Aircraft, die wirklich Angst hat.

06:51:24 So now you have the development in the beginnings of the Bumblebee program and the 3T program with the Talos Terrier and Tartar system. So what they were really trying to address with an anti-aircraft weapon was the mid-range.

06:51:43 Initial estimates had that the CAP, the Combat Air Patrol, would be able to tackle long-range threats, and ships' artillery would be able to do short-range threats. But you had that mid-period that really needed to be addressed. Of course, the Talos, as I've talked about in prior videos here at the Buffalo Naval Park, at the end of its modifications was able to go 130 miles.

06:52:11 und um über 80,000 Meter.

06:52:17 And it was an all horizontal loading and launching system, which really took up a lot of real estate. One of the goals that they were looking to address was to use radar to capture a target. And when it got within the engagement zone, it would then be able to work with a fire control system and beam ride the missile to the target. So with the growth of the Talos missile and the Terrier and the Tartar system,

06:52:47 Concurrently, they were looking at which ship could carry this platform. So what they needed was not so much extra weight, but they needed to have the volume available.

06:53:02 Well, aircraft carriers had loads of volume to carry missiles. This missile house here could be stowed in a hangar bay all up and down an aircraft carrier. But they had already a successful weapons platform. And with the growth in jet technology, it was only going to become stronger. Well, battleships...

06:53:27 They didn't really, they had enough weight, but they didn't really have the volume unless you wanted to remove all of their gun platforms. Destroyers, out of the question, not enough volume or weight. So that left the cruisers, which there were plenty of hulls available at the end of World War II. And they can be configured in a different way.

06:53:57 So cruisers were chosen as the platform to carry the first guided missile systems of the 3T programs. So it became the goal of the ship's characteristic board SCB-26A to figure out which platform would work best for the 3T program that was continuing to be developed concurrently. There were discussions on the heavy cruiser Hawaii.

06:54:25 die Alaska-Klasse, die Worcester-Klasse, die Atlanta-Klasse und die Cleveland-Klasse. Ultimately, für die meisten der Guide-Missile-Kruisers dieser Zeitung, die Cleveland-Klasse wurde.

06:54:42 And then what it did was that program to actually develop the Cleveland class into a guided missile cruiser class fell under ship's characteristic board plan 140 and then 140A for a flagship. So in total of this age and time period, 12 total cruisers were picked to carry a launching system from the 3T program.

06:55:12 Of those 12, 6 waren Clevelands. Then you also had Baltimores, and then you had the one-off nuclear cruiser, the USS Long Beach. So to break it down further, of those 12...

06:55:28 Galveston, Little Rock, Oklahoma City, Providence, Springfield, and Topeka used the Cleveland-class hulls. For the Baltimores, it was the Boston and Canberra and Chicago and Albany and Columbus, and then again the one-off nuclear-powered cruiser, the Long Beach. So work begins first on CAG-1 and CAG-2.

06:55:55 The converted Baltimores, which is the Boston and Canberra. They come into service in 1955 and 1956 respectfully. In 1956, they also begin working on the Cleveland class conversion, starting with the Galveston. And she comes into service in 1958.

06:56:20 So you have successive CL to CLG conversions through the Little Rock, the Oklahoma City, the Providence, Topeka, and Springfield. And then concurrently, work is also beginning on the other Baltimores converted, the Albany, Chicago, and Columbus. With all of them becoming into service in about 1964. But now to decide what becomes a flagship.

06:56:49 Out of the total number of 12, 8 are deemed flagships. So that's a really high count. Well, because they were carrying the farthest reaching missiles, that meant they had the farthest reaching radar. And these radars became sector control for the whole fleet.

06:57:17 So, of course, because of the threat of nuclear war, the fleet begins to spread out, to not have 100% casualty if there's a low-yield nuclear weapon detonated. And then you can have a flagship with the farthest-reaching radar sector controlling all of those fleets.

06:57:44 And with that number of flagships, you hit all of the numbered fleets at the time with some in reserve standing station. So with these missiles and with this radar system, you now have sector control. You could have mid and long range protection for the fleet.

Ausmusterung und Kalter Kriegseinsätze der USS Little Rock

06:58:04

06:58:04 On a platform that is relatively austere. And did not cost the Navy a lot of money. But of course with the development and technology changing. The Cold War changing. And the threats during the Cold War changing. They were able to phase out these vessels. So the Topeka leaves service in 69. The Boston and Canberra leaves service in 70. The Galveston also leaves service in 1970.

06:58:33 The USS Providence leaves service in 1973. The USS Springfield leaves in 1974. The USS Columbus leaves in 1975. The USS Little Rock, home here in Buffalo, leaves in 1976. The Oklahoma serves until 1979. The Albany and the Chicago leaves service in 1980.

06:58:59 And in 1995, finally the guided nuclear cruiser USS Long Beach is taken out of service.

06:59:11 And with that being phased out, phases in 1982, 1983, the Ticonderoga class, which is now carrying the Aegis Combat System, which is the development from this technology. Being able to have multi-weapon platforms with the standard missile and other weapons platforms as well.

06:59:38 So now that you've learned a little bit about the projects and the development and the ship characteristic board of what eventually became 12 guided missile cruisers of this early Cold War period, we're going to talk a little bit about what the Little Rock actually did while in service from 1970 to 1976.

07:00:04 While some of her sister ships did go to Vietnam and fired weaponry in anger, the USS Little Rock never fired a weapon in anger, whether it's the Talos, the 5-inch mount, or the 6-inch turret. USS Little Rock became a soft power vessel for the U.S. Navy. And that's the story that we tell of her Cold War service.

07:00:33 Als Teil der 2nd und der 6th Fleet war sie dort, um die amerikanischen Interessen zu representieren, um die Seahe-Line-Kommunikation zu öffnen, um die Global-Commerce zu arbeiten, und um in, wenn es notwendig ist, wenn es ein coups d'etats gibt, oder overthrows, oder rebellions.

07:00:58 And that's how the Vice Admiral would interface with the various countries of the Mediterranean. So some examples that we have. So in 1975, it's the start of the Lebanon Civil War. The USS Little Rock oversees the evacuation of 580 American and foreign nationals out of Beirut.

07:01:28 Also in 1975, she's working with Egypt to reopen the Suez Canal, a vital canal in terms of global shipping and sea lines of communication. It had been shuttered in 1967 during the Egyptian and Israeli war, and then through peace deals and ceasefires, it was decided that it should reopen again.

07:01:57 So the US Navy, under the guidance of the USS Little Rock, trained about 2,000 Egyptian personnel to be able to identify and locate unexploded ordnance, landmines, anti-personnel mines, and other junk that was just thrown in the Suez Canal to prevent a ship from traversing it.

07:02:24 So the whole project took about a year and eventually over time they removed about 200 tons of unexploded ordnance and 686,000 land and anti-personnel mines from the canal. USS Little Rock eventually became the first American vessel during the celebration of the reopening to traverse the Suez Canal.

07:02:55 There's also fighting in Cyprus. Turkey comes in, there's an ethnic cleansing that happens, and USS Little Rock is standing watch, communicating with the American government, and ready to assist where needed.

07:03:17 Und dann gibt es auch dieses, das wir hier in den Admirals Quarren. Das war von 6 Oktober 1973. USS Little Rock und Komm 6 Fleet orders Task Group 60.1 zu Rendezvous zu Crete für possible extraction von American und British nationals.

07:03:43 Sometimes I like to joke that we would pull up alongside a country and say, you don't want us to fire those missiles on the back, do you? And so overseeing, protecting Americans and foreign nationals, especially our allied friends, just like I mentioned in Lebanon and here in Crete. And to combat again the powers of the Soviet Union.

07:04:12 So that's why I describe the USS Little Rock as a soft power vessel.

07:04:21 Winning over the citizenry. Inviting citizenry of various countries on board to tour. That's why the Sixth Fleet Band would go out and perform in various countries. To show the citizens that American influence and democracy is the way to vote during a general election.

07:04:51 Well, I want to thank you for checking out this video, and I look forward to speaking to you during our Q&A session right after this video. I hope you've been enjoying the longest night at the museum through the world of warships, and we'll see you very soon.

Q&A mit Shane Stevenson vom Buffalo Naval Park

07:05:12

07:05:12 Alright, welcome back everybody for the continuation of our Q&A now. You just saw this man, but I will introduce him again. This is Shane Stevenson from the Buffalo and Erie County Military and Naval Park. Did I get it right? You're good, yes, absolutely. I try to always make it a point, but y'all's name is like huge. I know, you could just say Buffalo Naval Park.

07:05:41 I love it, though. It's so great. Because if you all haven't ever been, I finally get to go up and see you all for hands of this year. But if you're watching the stream, you haven't been up there yet. It really is like an enormous military park, if I remember right. I think it's, you're right there in Buffalo, but you all have, I forget, I think it's three ships in the water. And then you have some aircraft, you've got PT boat, you've got all kinds of stuff.

07:06:08 So, yeah, it's an incredible museum. I look forward to seeing it firsthand. And I know there was talk of buffalo wings at Last Hinsa, so I'm excited to go and get them where they started. Excellent, yes. Yeah, we have a very disparate collection of artifacts. You know, we've got a World War II submarine. We've got the Sullivan's Destroyer, the Little Rock Cruiser, a PTF boat from Vietnam. We have a Huey. We've got a Voodoo and a Fury.

07:06:36 And then we also have a Memorial Garden that people can come and reflect with 15 different monuments dedicated to servicemen and women. Yeah, it's incredible. I always forget about the Voodoo and the Fury. Fury was cool, and that was the 20mm Cannon Sabre, right? Or was it the different Fury? I don't know about two of them. Yes, and originally we thought it was, for a long time, what we thought we had was the Sabre Jet.

07:07:03 They painted the color scheme of our hockey team, which is the Buffalo Sabres. The Fury, what I know, I'm not a plane nerd. I don't have all the specs on that, but it's the Navy's version of the Sabre Jet. I think a 21 millimeter sounds right. I think they swapped out for the 50 cals. They just didn't have enough throw weight.

07:07:30 The weight when you had your guns on target I think was still a little bit too low. Which is wild to think like 650 calibers, synchronized 50 calibers is too low. Especially like the aircraft ones are 1300 rounds per minute or something like that. They're pretty crazy. Right, right. But yeah, we kind of talked a little bit about it. You know, what makes y'all's museum unique. I know we tried to get you on when this...

07:07:57 The Sullivan's was kind of at risk. If you want to give an update on kind of where the Sullivan's is sitting, and then we can start talking about Little Rock, because that's something that I know our audience is intimately worried about, is we want to make sure that's a preserved memorial. Yes, thank you. Understand, and we feel the same way your audience does. So...

07:08:19 The ship sank in April of 2022, partially sank at the pier. Eventually, we were able to seal up the hull in situ, and we were able to pump out about 900,000 gallons of water with about 3,000 to 4,000 gallons of oil. I can't comprehend that number because five gallons is the largest manageable container I can wrap my head around because it's a five-gallon bucket. 900,000 gallons, 8%.

07:08:48 1.8 pounds per gallon, over 7 million pounds of water. Well, thank you for calculating that out. I didn't have that in my head. But it's, yeah, it took plenty of, it took about five, six weeks to write her and a lot of the...

07:09:10 We had brackish water, we had fresh water, made oil. So all of that went into frack tanks, which then went to get processed. And since that time, we've spent about a million, million and a half doing what we're calling a survivability plan. Now, we also knew that we had to raise the funds to get her to dry dock. And so while we were raising that money, we were...

07:09:35 able to secure funds and out of operating budget that one and a half million dollars to then stabilize her until we were able to raise the funding which we have done and now the city who are the actual owners of the vessel are working right now with a project management firm a salvage company here in america and

07:10:02 They are ironing out a contract. Once that contract gets signed, that company will come to Buffalo and begin the process of getting her ready for the dead tug. Yeah. Hopefully when they get y'all in dry dock, I know Kidd, once they finally got her out of the water, I know they were overwhelmed kind of by how much they actually had to do on the whole. Hopefully y'all are situated in a position where you can...

07:10:30 Get her in shape again relatively quickly.

07:10:34 um so i'm happy to hear that that's if y'all are watching you want to go give them some love still support the sullivans they're going to need it they're kind of next on the list i know uh texas was a big one new jersey went in and got a whole bunch of stuff done kid is the kind of the current one that i believe she's supposed to be coming out of dry dock soon and i'm happy to hear y'all are going in and getting the work that you desperately need done because we got a picture that's kind of the whole purpose of the stream is make sure that history lives on uh we want to make sure we do

07:11:03 So about the Little Rock, we had a few questions start coming in already. I saw one early on during the video, and I didn't have a good answer for it, because I know with stuff like Wisconsin, Iowa, they don't necessarily de-mill the 16-inch guns, because it's just, there's no powder, there's no shells. Like, yeah, the gun might function, they might be able to set off a...

07:11:29 It might be able to fire a charge, but there's nothing out there, so it doesn't matter. But somebody was asking about the 6-inch guns. Are they still operable on Little Rock? No, to my knowledge, they've been demilled and just taken apart. We do have examples of powder and projectiles on board, but they're 110 pounds, not 2,400 pounds, like a 16-inch. So to the best of my understanding, they have...

07:11:55 Ben de-milled. Either the breaches have been sealed or... I've never really had anyone ask. So that's a great question. Yeah, and it's... Because for me, coming from the Army, it's Army. Oh, man. I've been talking so long today. Long day today for you. Yeah, yeah, it's a long one. But it's well worthwhile. In the Army, we would consider that a common caliber with the Navy. 155 millimeter. Roundabout is 152 for the 6-inch gun.

07:12:24 I can't really remember. Yeah, that sounds right. I always just go by inches. Yeah, yeah. That sounds right. It's kind of a common caliber in like our...

07:12:35 I don't even know how our artillery operates anymore. I don't remember if we had like separate powder bags or anything, but they were, they were powder bag guns, uh, the six inch or were they, um, did they actually have their cases? Yeah, they were casings. Oh, okay. Yeah. So like a five inch, you know, the brass casing, uh, the gunpowder was about 30 to 35 pounds. And, um, yeah, the shell was 110, you know, and even a five inch is 55 pounds. So.

07:13:04 It's double in weight, even though it's just a one inch more in diameter. Well, that's the trick about diameter, though. You kind of think, oh, it's only a one inch increase. You think about it as length. But yeah, so if you're like, oh, for a dollar less, you'll just get a four inch pizza instead of a five inch pizza. It's like, I don't know. That's a good one. Yeah, I like that. I like that analogy. That's great. Makes me hungry now, too. Oh, yeah.

07:13:31 Das ist der Punkt. Wir müssen wir uns abitieren. Wir müssen uns abitieren. Wir müssen uns abitieren. Wir müssen uns abitieren. Wir müssen uns abitieren. Sehr schön. Ja, es ist... Ich habe andere Fragen in hier. Ich sehe die Leute über die Fury. Great. Ich sehe ein Joke über unser früherer Joke. Famed Historian Dan Snow. Wir macht ihn gegen AI. AI selected die Pigeonbombe als die most impactful.

07:14:00 Interesting. Invention of World War II. Yes, they never used them, I don't believe. But yeah, I love that story, though. That's great. They're pecking away at the ship in the middle. Incredibly reliable. Here, we actually have a good one. This pertains directly to you all. It might actually produce some more bodies for volunteers. We have somebody interested. How do you volunteer for a museum ship?

07:14:28 Sure. Wherever you are in the country, if you enjoy ships and the history of the maritime, whatever the vessel is, usually every website will have a volunteer form. So like at the Buffalo Naval Park, we have a digital volunteer form that someone will fill out. Then they'll be contacted by our volunteer coordinator. And then we have like different...

07:14:54 Du hast verschiedene Parts, you know, different, I'm sorry, sections that people can choose. Whether they want to do just straight ship's maintenance, or do they want to volunteer in the collections, or do they want to volunteer in education or encampments or something like that. So then it kind of works within their interest. And there could be multiple interests, of course. It doesn't have to be just one or the other. But yes, we welcome any volunteer with any skill set.

07:15:22 And I no doubt other museum ships would be grateful to have that help. Yeah, I know I've worked quite a bit with a few other museum ships. And I know that's kind of one of the big things is that the volunteers, I know you can work on like restoration staff and stuff too for those. And those are always incredible to me. I love that. So there's your answer for sure. Like if you are close to a Naval Museum.

07:15:51 Go and ask. Largely, they'll have websites, too, that you can go and visit. Yeah. And we also have, really excited, as we do every year, we have the Little Rock Working Party. So we just had this afternoon about 20 old salts come on board, and they're going to be here right through Thursday, and they're going to be doing work all week. And so they stay in staterooms. Awesome. Not only do they bring...

07:16:19 Their own expertise from their rate when they were in the Navy and their time aboard the Little Rock. But they also bring their passion, of course, and usually some family members. So there are some family members, kids and things like that, that then also can now carry on their tradition. Yeah, they get to engage with that significant part of history. I know it was really interesting talking about.

07:16:47 We'll host Nauticus. Dave from over there at the Wisconsin is going to be on later this evening. I know from them talking with Keith before he went over to Tall Ships that they had to bring back some of the people who served on Wisconsin in the 50s just to figure out how to run the ship again because nobody knew anymore. That's something that people don't realize. Even if you've got handbooks...

07:17:14 Ja, trust me, it's over. Yeah, reading a handbook might give you just like the basic, the framework of it, but you need to have that individual that shows you really how it's done, right? And I've tried to bring myself personally up to speed by reading and perusing a lot of training guides and manuals. You know, the U.S. Navy, they're blue with the white drawing on it usually.

07:17:39 But it's not comparable to speaking to someone. Yeah. Because they'll give you the shortcuts that they've used in the Navy when they're on the Little Rock and things like that. Absolutely. You know, just those softer stories are just fascinating. And it's just, there's kind of no replacement for that experience, truly. Very true. The distinction always between like what the book says and what gets the job done. Exactly.

07:18:05 The Little Rock, as I showed in the video, not only is it the last in the world of the Cleveland and the Galveston or Providence class guided missile from the Cleveland Guided Missile Cruisers.

07:18:32 But, you know, it has the last intact, fully intact 6-inch, the last Talos missile that can be seen with the equipment, the associated equipment, the radars, the guidance, the SPG-49 dishes, the SPW-2 dishes. So when people really latch on to that early.

07:18:54 late 50s early 60s technology of what the navy was doing with consoles analog consoles not even computers so to speak yeah nothing necessarily digital yet yeah this is this is the place to come visit for us that's awesome we do have a few questions from chat uh one is specifically about the talos um capabilities

07:19:17 They're asking, was the missile system on Little Rock capable of engaging surface targets? Because I know it was primarily an anti-aircraft platform. Yes, it started out as a surface-to-air missile, but then it became surface-to-surface through the modifications. Now, there were eight modifications from the very earliest Talos to the last one that the Little Rock and the Oklahoma City would carry. So they were modified.

07:19:46 uh for air and surface as well awesome i i had no i knew that like they could sometimes do dual use but i didn't know that they were able to do that already with the talos yes uh we have another question um are there any new exhibits planned to come to the park and uh are they planned as permanent or temporary

07:20:08 So we have a museum, and on the second floor of the museum, we've recently changed the exhibits. For like the past five years, we were honoring World War II and those associated anniversaries from the 75th to the 80th. And now we have other exhibits up there. Certainly, we're opening, the crew's doing a great job opening up areas of the ship that haven't been on the tour route before. So they're working on those, so they're doing a preservation.

07:20:37 My long-term plan is to do an exhibit on the USS Buffalo and the LA-class submarines. Oh, that'd be awesome. Yeah, because we do have a bunch of, we got parts from the decommissioned USS Buffalo back in 2000.

07:21:04 2018 late 2018 like the ballast control panel we've got the sticks uh you know uh the chicken switches we got a bunch of different panels and seats so i want to build a larger la class or uss buffalo exhibit i mean like that would make y'all incredibly unique because i mean like that's not something the average person gets to see is anything from anything related to a nuclear submarine

07:21:30 Ja, ich glaube, wie du sagst das. Das ist wirklich interessant. Das ist ein tolles Stück. Du hörst es hier erst einmal, Ladies und Gentlemen. Make sure you keep an eye out for it. Das ist wirklich cool. Danke. Ich denke, wir haben eine letzte Frage. Wir haben es hier. Das ist in die gleiche vein. Ist Buffalo Naval Park still acquiring new guns, ordnance, showpieces für die Ships? Ich weiß nicht, ob sie wollen etwas. Wenn so, was die latest oder upcoming?

07:21:57 Okay, so we've got two big ideas that I'm putting into the fire. For the Sullivans...

07:22:08 I've said her interpretation year is 1962. That means where we have two twin bofers now on the 01 level, we need to get 3-inch 50s. So we have one 3-inch 50 that came with the ship in 1977, but our forefathers got, they did not have the midship or the waist 3-inch 50s, so they got two twin bofers there. I want to bring it back to get...

07:22:37 So that is a long process. I've already been in contact with NAVC in the inactive shipyard, obsolete material folks. The application has been submitted, but that might be another two years or I'm guessing down the road. When someone says to you,

07:23:05 Contact me every six months. I say, oh, this is a long. Yeah, this is kind of a long-term plan. This is a long-term project. I know. But also fairly recently, I'm working with downstate New York State. There's an organization that has a mortar that would have been on our PTF boat. So beginning to grease the wheels. The bow would have had a 50 cal with an attached 81 millimeter mortar.

07:23:34 They have one of those mortar mounts and the mortar. Oh, that's cool. And that's another thing people have heard first. I've tried to keep that quiet, but to answer a question fully. So I'm beginning to work with them to secure that loan as well. That's incredible. Yeah, thank you very much for joining us. Yeah, you're welcome. I know. I mean, all else fails. Maybe you can go beg. Who else has the 3-inch 50s?

07:24:02 Midway, I don't think it has them anymore, but like Salem. Yeah, Salem, you know, but I don't, you know, I've thought about the Salem. Any battleship probably sells 3-inch 50s, but yeah, I want to take a strip trip. Oh, no, no. Hey, do you have any extras? Do you have any spares, maybe? Right, right, yeah. We talk, and that's the wonderful thing, as you know about it. Texas to give me a quad Bofors mount, and I haven't said yes yet, so we'll see. We need to do something to make our office look cool.

07:24:30 Yeah, that would make your office look to be cool. I will have two twin Bofor, two twin mounts at some point for the Bofors. So there you go. Well, thanks so much. Shane, it's incredible to have you here. I'm so excited to be up there for Hinza. I'll make sure I'll get some cool behind the scenes for everybody and we'll make sure to show everyone how everything's coming along with the Sullivans. And I'm looking forward to seeing Little Rock and everything you've got planned. Thanks so much. Really appreciate it. Have a great one.

07:24:59 Thanks, Legionnaire.

07:25:16 So, yeah, Little Rock, Buffalo Naval Park, Buffalo and Erie County Military and Naval Park, either way, go ahead, check them out. It's awesome. They've got a lot of really cool exhibits, really unique stuff happening over there. It's like Independence Seaport. It really shows the evolution and gives you an idea of really where things came from and where they were going after World War II based off of all the lessons learned.

07:25:45 We'll go ahead now and we're going to switch. We've got, as fate would have it, we've got the other 3-inch 50-cal boat with Salem coming up next for the videos. And I want to go ahead and let everybody know we have one last VIP code we're going to be giving away. One last of these famous, these shiny metal, super heavy-duty cards. And it is...

07:26:11 Es hat die Jean-Bart B, Cossack B, und Scharnhorst B, plus 10 Skillpoint Ship Commanders, plus 3 SOTs, and 30 Days of Premium Count, and 30 Millionen Credits. Das ist ein bisschen zu sein, aber bitte sich an. Ich werde den Nautikus mit dem Nautikus. So stick an, aber jetzt geht es um den Salem Video. Du soll erinnerst einen anderen Knicks als Teil des Nautikus.

07:26:41 Salem Video Project.

Die Des Moines-Klasse Schwerer Kreuzer

07:27:06

07:27:06 Welcome to the American Northeast. The US Navy never really got on well with its 8-inch gun heavy cruisers. If you want evidence of this, all you have to do is look how many of the 6-inch gunships they bought versus the 8-inch ones. And if you think about it, almost every 8-inch ship was a cousin or a derivative of a contemporary 6-incher. So something was going wrong, and of course they had a couple of tries at fixing it.

07:27:32 Well, the ultimate answer to fixing it was the Des Moines-Class Heavy Cruiser. Now, I would love to have been a fly on the wall or whatever meeting they were sitting around the conference room. They decided to name the ultimate gun cruiser after a city in central Iowa, which I don't think is noted for its maritime history. But no matter. Of the Des Moines-Class, three were built. Des Moines herself, Salem and Newport News. One of them still survives. And of course, guess where I am?

07:27:59 yes i am aboard the sea witch the ca 139 formerly uss salem now of course stricken from the registry and a museum ship in quincy massachusetts it's about 40 45 minutes south of boston and coincidentally this is exactly where she was built now we've already done a video on salem herself it's a naval legends go to youtube google it whatever you'll find it

07:28:26 Instead, over the next few minutes, what we're going to do is try to come up with an overview of what were the problems that the Des Moines class was trying to solve when it was designed in 1943. The raison d'etre of the Des Moines class, of course, is the 8-inch Mark 16 Rapid Fire Gun. Now, the U.S. Navy didn't go straight from the 8-inch gun doesn't work to Des Moines without a couple of steps in between.

07:28:55 Und da gab es ein paar Schritte. Da gab es viele Probleme mit dem 8-Incher. Der erste war, dass die Ballistik nicht ganz was sie erwartet. So sie haben eigentlich ein paar Variationen, wie Shell Design, Shell Length, in order zu machen, dass sie die Correcte Effekte auf den Target haben, als die Correcte Flight Charakteristiken, um die Dispersion zu reduzieren.

07:29:16 dispersion was also affected by the distance between the gun barrels so if you look at let's say a portland class cruiser the distance between the gun barrels is 45 inches and what they discovered was when they fired all the guns together the blast interference destabilized the rounds and you had at the other end of the projectiles flight up to a 700 yard dispersion which was considered

07:29:44 Not ideal if you're shooting up destroyers or other cruisers, which are definitely less than 700 yards in sight. They came up with a couple of possible answers to solve this. One was split salvos. So instead of all the guns firing at once, well, you'd fire the two wing guns first and then the center gun. Well, that only gave you a partial benefit, but it was an improvement.

07:30:08 There is a problem, though, if you do this split salvo process, is that it takes longer to reload the guns. And the 8-inch guns were never really fast enough for the Navy's liking. Average of about three rounds per minute. Which is fine if you're shooting at short targets as bombardment. But if you're in an intense battle in the slot at night,

07:30:35 Against 6-inch cruisers, or even the larger 8-inch cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, that lack of rate of fire becomes rather important. So they had a couple ideas, how do we solve the rate of fire problem? So on the older ships, the 8-inch guns were all in a single side, which basically means that they're all elevated together, they're all loaded together.

07:30:58 And if you were doing split loading, you couldn't do anything with the other guns until the last one had been fired. The next problem with that though is also elevation, because the cruisers had a set elevation angle for reloading the guns, because that's the way the machinery was built. And the angle actually depended what range they expected would be the most frequent that the ship would be shooting at.

07:31:22 So, let's say in one class a ship, let's say, okay, we think that the average loading angle is going to be 12 degrees because we think that the targets are going to be most likely 20,000 yards away, whatever the mathematics are, which also meant, though, if you're shooting at an angle other than that for which the gun was designed, your rate of fire slows down. The Moin class actually fixed a number of these issues. So the first thing you'll see, and this started off actually with the Wichita's,

07:31:50 is that the guns are now further separated. There is less interference, even if they're firing together, than there would be on the older, narrower type. Now, the catch, of course, because there's always going to be a compromise. If you spread the guns wider, that means you have made the turret wider. If you make the turret wider, that means the barbette, that big, long, conical sheet of armor down below, has also gotten wider and thus heavier.

07:32:19 because of all the additional metal. I am sure there is some mathematical formula involved, which involves pi, which tells you just how much heavier you have made your ship just because you want to make your turret wider. The solution in the Wichita's and the succeeding the Baltimores was to make a conical barbette. So it was actually wider at the top, narrower at the bottom.

07:32:39 Das hat aber auch ein paar Worte, aber es hat sich nicht zu reduzieren, aber es hat sich nicht zu reduzieren, aber es hat sich nicht zu reduzieren. Und auch, weil sie ein bisschen geholfen hat, es hilft ein bisschen mit den protectionen. Die Des Moines, weil sie die Systeme funktionieren, konnten sie nicht so machen. Diese sind straight Barbetts, sie haben sich zurückgezogen, zu straight Zylindersen. Und, unfortunately, Sie haben die Resultation des Problems des Weitens.

07:33:04 Das also bedeutet, dass sie nicht so weit wie viel sie wollten. Die Original-Plan war 72-inches zwischen den Barrel. Sie hat es um 70-inches. Aber wenn man die Portland mit 45-inches ist, das ist ein signifikant improvement. Die nächsten Dinge sind alle individuell loadable. Und sie sind alle individuell trainable in Elevation. Und finally, sie sind alle loadable, regardless der Elevation der Gun ist an der Zeit.

07:33:30 The loading mechanism adjusts to suit the gun. And especially if you're firing in an anti-aircraft world, these things were theoretically dual purpose, that rate of fire becomes critically important because you're only going to get so many shots off before that aircraft comes and gets you. So that's the story of how you end up with this wide 8-inch turret as we have it now. Of course, the next thing to do is you want to see the autoloader. So let's go look at the autoloader.

07:33:58 Und das ist, wo die Magik passiert ist, in der Gunhaus. Und wie Sie sehen, ich bin jetzt nicht mehr von der Maschinen. Ich bin sicher, dass du das Video gesehen hast, und wenn nicht, ich habe keine Angst, dass die Editor-Editor insertet wird, als ich darüber gesprochen habe. Aber wenn du denkst, für 1940s Technologie, dann ist es unglaublich zu sehen, dass die Maschinen operatet wird.

07:34:21 über 10 von diesen 8-inch Rounds, jeden minuten. Und remember, sie starten bei drei Minuten. So, imagine was das Effekt ist auf der anderen Seite. Und natürlich, eine Frage ist, ob wir so viel schneller sind, ob wir so viel schneller für die Ammunizierung brauchen? Und die Antwort war, dass wir nicht mehr Tonnage für die Ammunizierung geben können. So, Des Moines wird aus der Ammo viel schneller als auch 8-inch Cruiser werden, aber auf der anderen Seite...

07:34:48 Die Leute, die sie in der Receivung werden, haben viel viel mehr Ammo bekommen, schneller als eine andere Kruiser könnte. So ich glaube, es kind of evens out.

Feuerleitsystem und Luftabwehr der USS Des Moines

07:34:59

07:34:59 Still, very impressive. This is a computer. Of course, it is not a computer in the manner that we know it today with transistors. There is a lot of mechanical stuff going on in here. But if you think about all the different variables that are involved in generating an intercept between your projectile outbound and the target, which is, say, 15 miles away, there is a lot that can affect it. And this all gets incorporated by the computer. And it covers this.

07:35:27 Wind speed, so that's direction, wind speed, ship course, ship speed, target speed, target course. If you're shooting an aircraft, there's a rate of climb setting. Pretty much anything that they could calculate for in the 1940s was calculated by this machine. And of course, it's not unique to Des Moines. By this time, most ships in the Navy had one of these things. But the bottom line is that it is a centralized fire control system.

07:35:55 guided by a director up on top of the superstructure combine that with your rapid fire 8 inch guns and you have created a monster now of course the 8 inch is not the only automatic gun on the ship so let's go have a look at another one even before the us entered the war they realized that they really needed to focus a little bit on air defense

07:36:22 Now, initially, air defense for a US cruiser involved a lot of caliber 50 and a few 20 mils. Well, that obviously wasn't going to cut it. So the caliber 50s were replaced by the 1.1 inch, the Chicago Pianos, which weren't all that successful. And eventually what you end up happening was you got batteries of a 40 millimeter and 20 millimeter. Now, of course, you will still shoot further with a bigger gun. So then you get the 5 inch dual purpose or the 3 inch.

07:36:51 This is one of the ultimate versions of the 3-inch. It is an automatic 3-inch gun. Now, I say automatic. You still have to physically grab the rounds and place them into the revolver, but you have two human loaders for each barrel. And, of course, you've got more people simply feeding you the ammunition. So you take a 3-inch round, place it into the revolver, grab the next 3-inch round, and by the time you're ready to place it into a revolver,

07:37:19 Both your previous round and the one loaded by the guy facing off with you has been fired. Now, of course, aiming to hit something, like an airplane, requires usually something a bit more than these optical sights. I mean, this is what everybody's familiar with, but in reality it's done by directors. And by 1943, the Navy had realized that the original amount of directors that they were planning on putting on these ships was not going to be sufficient.

07:37:47 So they added more directors for anti-aircraft purposes. You'll see them further down at the back. Of course, air defense is only one part of the new paradigm. You also have to worry about what happens if you don't shoot down the aircraft before it drops the bomb on you. And that brings us to the bomb deck.

Bombendeck und Combat Information Center (CIC)

07:38:11

07:38:11 So a novelty for the Des Moines class is the addition of the bomb deck. Now ordinarily you'd only find one of these on a battleship. So the idea of the all or nothing citadel armoured structure certainly isn't new by the time the Des Moines comes out. And there is indeed a citadel beneath us that I'm going to pass through in a moment. But the bomb deck is intended to provide additional, it's effectively spaced armour.

07:38:36 for bombs coming in from above, armor-piercing bombs particularly. The theory is the bomb deck is going to set it off. And when it sets off, it's going to explode before it starts to penetrate the main armored deck of the Citadel. So it's a pre-detonator. Now, of course, it doesn't help any poor sod who happens to be within 20 feet, but it's not going to affect the integrity of the ship.

07:39:04 Now, the bottom deck above is only an inch thick. I think it eventually turned out to be 0.875 inches. They had to reduce the thickness due to weight. And we are now at the main armored deck of the Citadel. And as you can see, this is much more significant. It's almost four inches. Within the important bits.

07:39:25 I don't know why, but I have this overwhelming urge right now to commence primary ignition and destroy the planet Alderaan, which is, of course, completely peaceful and has no weapons. I cannot be the first person to have remarked upon the similarity between a US Navy talker's helmet and those found in Star Wars, or maybe Spaceballs. Of course, the reason these are so loud is because you have the earpieces and...

07:39:50 Die olden M1 Helmets, die natürlich auch ein Problem für die Navy waren, weil sie nicht wirklich ermöglicht haben. Aber wir sind in CIC, die Combat Information Center. Das ist eine von den Lesen, die wir gelernt haben, sehr early in den Krieg waren. Das ist, dass wir eine Einheit, die all die verschiedenen Informationen, die all die verschiedenen Informationen sind, um zu geben, was in der Welt ist, und was Ihr Schiff und Ihr Kollegen sind.

07:40:17 Now, of course, this was a lesson learned. The early heavy cruisers didn't have a CIC, but they realized that they needed them. So they started in upgrades and refits to install CICs where they could. Now, some of the earlier cruisers, they simply could not fit a CIC anywhere. A lot of the mid-era cruisers, they were able to find a CIC outside of the Citadel, oftentimes maybe just a deck or two below the bridge.

07:40:46 But of course, you have a flaw in the design if your CIC is vulnerable to mere fragmentation. So eventually, by the later cruisers, they started designing CIC to be within the armored superstructure. And, well, Des Moines, they had it inbuilt from the start. They reserved space within the Citadel for a CIC.

07:41:11 Und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut, und es ist auch sehr gut,

07:41:40 If that were your preference. So anyway, ACIC has been standard in pretty much every ship built ever since. The Des Moines also has six of these twin 5-inch dual-purpose mounts. But I'm not going to talk about them because they're on everything. Because they're, well, great. I always recommend when you come to one of these older steam turbine ships, make sure you hit the engine room.

07:42:05 Not because of the mechanics of the engine, but simply because the maze of pipes and cables and dials and gauges, they give you such a wonderful impression of just how complicated these things are. And then you sit back and you think to yourself, well somewhere, here actually in Quincy, one person or a couple of people got tab A and inserted into slot B and started the whole process.

07:42:32 And even before then, there were all these draftsmen that were coming up layer by layer, system by system, figuring out this maze of equipment, and then how you install them in the correct sequence, that it all works without leaks or anything else. A leak in a steam turbine area can be somewhat of a significant emotional event if you happen to encounter it. But as far as Des Moines herself is specifically at hand,

Maschinenraum und Flugzeugausstattung

07:43:01

07:43:01 Sie ist ein bisschen anders in der Engines Spaces, als auch. Traditionally, auf den Proceding-Ships, sie hatten separate Boiler-Rooms und Machinery-Rooms. Auf den Des Moines, es ist eine Engin-Room. Und Sie haben auf einer Seite die Boiler und auf der anderen Seite, die Turbine und Reduction-Gears, die zu den Schaften. Sie sind immer noch in Isolation-Rooms. So, es sind Engin-Rooms 1-4, nicht in Sequenz. Wir sind in Nummer 3, und es ist die eine anstehend.

07:43:30 But should an engine room go down with damage, flooding or anything else, the other three should be fine. And that's pretty much standard. Now one advantage to having engine rooms as opposed to separate boiler and machinery rooms is that the uptake space is less because you're not trying to grab exhaust and steam from different ends of the ship entirely to try to funnel them up into one or two combined stacks. But regardless.

07:43:59 Des Moines hat Engines. Surface Ship Aviation in World War II for the US Navy came in zwei flavors. There was the type that you found on the battleship, which was really for spotting fall of shot and making your rounds more accurate. And there was the type found on cruisers. And these were for reconnaissance, because remember, the role of a cruiser was often screening or finding the enemy in the first place. When the Des Moines-class was originally designed, they were going to have steam catapults fitted.

07:44:28 A little bit abbaft of the turrets. However, this was weight and space, mainly weight, that really the ship couldn't afford. And turned out really, at this point in the war, it wasn't all that necessary either, because we got fleet carriers coming out with reconnaissance bombardment squadrons that didn't really need to carry them so much on the cruisers. Now, that said, they still kept a hangar.

07:44:57 und eine Kräne. Aber die Katapulten nicht getrennt. Well, da geht's. Das ist die Short-Version des Des Moines. Ich bin sicher, dass andere Leute online können viel länger gehen, aber ich habe noch eine Plane zu catchen, um nach Texas zu kommen.

Karriere und Weiterentwicklung der Geschützsysteme

07:45:13

07:45:13 The career of the ship, well, wasn't all that successful. He ended up going out of service, two of them without firing a shot. Only Newport News saw active combat off Vietnam in a shore bombardment row, which in fairness, the 8-inch guns were very good at. As it happened, there was an accident. The No. 2 man's central gun around blew in the tube, killed the number of the crew. They ended up, if you look at photos of that ship at the end of its service, it simply blanked off.

07:45:42 Das heißt, die 8-inches waren gut an Naval Gunfire Support und die Frage war, wo wir von hier gehen? Enter die Major Caliber Lightweight Gun System. Das ist ein einziges von diesen 8-inches Auto-Loaders, Mark 16, das sie put, als ein Trial, auf der Front von USS Hull, der Forrest-Shermann-Klasse.

07:46:09 Das war das Ende der 8-Inchers. Wir sind jetzt die letzte Survivor.

07:46:29 Kruiser Salem hier in Quincy. Und ich würde gerne sagen, danke für die Crew, für die Aufmerksamkeit und die Leidenschaft. Ich hoffe, ihr habt es interessant und informativ. Take care.

07:46:59 Welcome back, y'all. Hopefully you enjoyed that deep dive into USS Salem, one of the storied Des Moines-class cruisers. Probably, not probably, but I would consider the most powerful cruiser relative to its displacement that ever hit the water. I mean, Alaska had 12-inch, but man, those autoloading aiders are something else. We also saw a special appearance from the Chief Inn. Always nice to see him.

07:47:26 I feel slightly bad I sent him straight from his summer drill with the Army up to Salem to film, but I think he had a great opportunity up there. I don't know who he got to talk to up there, but we have Jim Bodell joining us from USS Salem. If you want to go ahead and give us a little bit of an introduction, who you are, what you do on Salem, and take it from there.

07:47:53 Yes, my name is Jim Bodell. I was lucky enough to be born in Quincy and my father was a shipyard worker.

07:48:04 He came back from World War II and went right into the shipyard. They turned him over to basically make sure that all of the welding was done properly. They gave him an early version of how to do that. And then he started making his family get really along. So we thank him. He's been with us.

07:48:34 Anyhow, this is the USS Salem. Her hull is STS steel, unlike the other ships, most of them. It's stronger and is more resilient to the weather and stuff. As far as how she's built, I like it. She was originally born with two small guns up front.

07:49:01 Unfortunately, the bow took one of them away. The other one's still with us. The ship itself is fast. She's wide enough for what we need. And she's very smooth.

07:49:24 So it gives us a lot of good luck. How long have you been volunteering, Jim? About 30 years, maybe higher. My father, as I said, was at the shipyard, and that's where I kind of started growing up. I also took it into advance. I'm sorry, I'll have to back this one off. I had a situation where...

07:49:52 I was with the Blimp Factory over in Weymouth, and I was a sea cadet there, which put me on a life of getting even closer to going into the ship and finding a nice place to have a future. The hull itself is strong. It weathers well.

07:50:21 Das ist wirklich sehr gut.

07:50:27 It would be nice if I could show you all, but I can't do that from here. So I'd like you to come down and visit us someday. Absolutely. Okay. Just let us know you're coming and we'll be more than happy to see you. Yeah. Because it's the Naval Shipbuilding Museum, I think, is the technical term for who hosts Salem, if I remember right. So you've got the shipyards and stuff out there as well. But really, the Salem is...

07:50:56 um salem's in our game so is uh des moines we don't have the other newport news yep was the other but i mean really like this is the the pinnacle of the gun cruiser this is the best there was probably ever and it's it's really incredible to see one still preserved because y'all really are the link between um

07:51:21 The big gun cruisers and basically what came next. Like we had Little Rock on from Buffalo a little bit earlier. And there, you know, one of the light cruisers are Cleveland. They got the Talos missiles. The Salem's though, like that was, you think about the firepower and the engineering that went into those eight inch auto loaders where it's just nothing else compares. It was such an incredible piece of machinery. If you're watching.

07:51:50 Definitely swing down, swing up, depending on where you are, up there and go check out Salem. You've got to see this stuff. You've got to experience the oral history. You've got to experience the living history while you can. Hopefully it will be around as long as we can make it last. But, yeah, it's an incredible piece of technological engineering. I noticed the, I think you were, the video covered secondary gunnery or maybe primary gunnery.

07:52:19 It had a similar analog computer to what I've seen in the Iowa classes. Is it actually the same or is it purpose built?

07:52:30 So it's the same analog fire control computer like you'd find on Wisconsin and everything? Yeah. That's awesome. I remember talking about how heavy those were. We were up talking to Dave from Nauticus in Wisconsin. He mentioned they were something like 2,000 pounds a piece. They're just enormous. But you really won't understand.

07:52:57 How much goes into them until you see them in person. You can see pictures of it. You don't really understand the enormous size of these fire control computers. They're just absolutely wild. I guess he volunteered Salem 30 years. What's your favorite part of the ship?

07:53:19 She's really good as far as keeping herself in decent shape. We do have some rust issues from time to time, but the rest of the ship is holding out very well. That's because, as I said, STS steel. That also helps keep the bottom part of the ship, the part you won't get to see until you get a scuba diver after it. And what you'll see down there is we are not touching the dirt.

07:53:47 We are five feet up from everything. The ship itself is very handy. When it gets really wet in difficult times, it gets away with it. It does. If you go up into the superstructure, it's very impressive. What's your favorite spot? My favorite spot? CIC is pretty good.

07:54:16 Es ist ein schönes, öfteres, öfteres. Es gibt viele andere. Natürlich sind die Gäste. Das ist ein großartiges, egal was. Sie waren sehr effektiv. Nun, als Sie gesagt haben, Newport News hatte eine sehr schwierige accident, und das war nicht gut. Das hier hier ist sehr glücklich.

07:54:46 Und die Konditionen von der Outsche ist sehr gut. Und die Decks ist komplett interessant. Wir haben einen kleinen Bereich zu fixen, aber andere als das, alles gut ist.

07:55:00 Watching the videos, I always love CICs. Every chance I get, I try to go in and see CICs. There's so much to see in there. I think I've been in four or five at this point in time between Hornet, Midway. Wow, a lot of carriers.

07:55:23 And then Lexington. Well, we kind of got to go to what Texas would consider CIC, but those are always so interesting to me. I believe Hornet still has the last sorties that took off from her desk or her decks on their CIC screens, on their, I forget what they call it, the grease pencil plotting boards. But it's always really cool to see.

07:55:51 So we have a few questions from our viewers. The first one is, what is STS steel and what makes it so special?

07:56:02 It's a high capacity metal. It'll take a lot of hits. It will resist rust considerably, not perfectly, but considerably. And it's out there all the time in the worst of conditions, and it still survives that. The higher sections of the ship, they are in good condition.

07:56:31 Die sind cool, denn wenn du da da, kannst du viel sehen, vieles von A-S-P-A-S-P-A-S-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-A-T

07:56:53 In our game, for sure, that's always one of the big threats. They're fast, they're able, the amount of firepower they have is just incredible. It's overwhelming how powerful those classes of ships were. Came in right at the end of the war, but definitively, I mean, the last word in cruisers.

07:57:16 Oh, I have another question, and it's about our favorite space here. What is CIC, and what is its role in combat? Combat Information Center. Yeah. Yeah, CIC, Combat Information Center, that's where all of the information is going to be piped in.

07:57:41 Basically from everywhere else in the ship. That's where all the coordination is. That's where all the communication. So the CIC is basically the nerve center. You'll see when we start talking with Nauticus, Wisconsin had something as a bit of an update to the CIAC. So it actually had two different rooms that were in charge of combat coordination. But Salem, I think, just had the one. I don't think it got any updates or upgrades. Yeah.

07:58:09 Und dann... Oh, ja. Somebody put in there special treatment steel. It's STS. It's homogenous armor. How many years has it been since the longest time a museum has been running? Five. This is the fifth year we have done this. We have been doing this since 2020. This is kind of our fifth anniversary. We've got a good collection of museums this time. And we get to talk about evolution of warships this year. So, it's exciting.

07:58:40 I'm trying to see. I think we have... I think that's about it. Chat, do you have any other questions you'd like to ask Jim while he's with us today?

07:58:55 Ja, all the battlefield information comes right into the CIC. And that's where they can control everything. It is separate from the fire control because you do want to have compartmentalization and everything like that. But yeah, all the information goes in and comes out of the CIC. Is anything functional on Salem anymore? Guns, radar, anything along those lines? That's illegal. We probably should not do that. We're going to stay away from that one.

07:59:22 No, we do not fire anything off the ship. We don't do any of that. In the years gone by, people would fire BBs over the side, but that doesn't happen anymore. Yeah. So we have a lot of basic questions about the functionality of the ship. Is she able to run under her own power still? Or is she able to run under her own power? That would get me in jail.

07:59:49 Das ist wahrscheinlich nicht eine gute Idee für mich. Wollen Sie es versuchen? Alles ist in der Seachest? Alles ist in der Seachest.

08:00:01 All righty. Well, it's been a pleasure having you on, Jim. Thank you much. We've got our next guest in queue, and we'll go ahead and basically sign off here. Thank you for joining us. It's been great. Really appreciated having you all host us for the video and joining us today for the Q&A. Yeah, thanks for...

08:00:27 Vielen Dank für uns. Und wenn du mal eine Chance hast, wir sprechen mit dir. Das ist gut. Vielen Dank, Sir. Vielen Dank für was du hast. Danke.

08:00:52 Welcome back, everybody. So, yeah, that was a little bit from USS Salem. You got to see the Chieftain in there, of course, and you got to see really kind of the pinnacle of big-gun cruisers. That was the last cruisers, the last 8-inch. They are monstrously powerful and incredibly exciting to see one and see that we have a Preserve Des Moines somewhere in the United States. We'll go ahead now and take...

08:01:21 A moment to run our next video from Norfolk, Virginia. We're going to be running a video from Nauticus, home of USS Wisconsin. Got all kinds of good content from there. Believe it or not, you're going to see a familiar host at that one as well. And if you have a keen eye, you might be able to spot a few other people.

08:01:40 Wir waren sehr genügend zu sein, den wir uns für den Q&A heute haben, als auch von einem Körnern, Keith. Wir kommen zu den Video, und dann haben wir den Q&A mit Dave. Es wird ein sehr guter Zeit, also sich sicher an.

08:02:08 Es ist Bogsy, ich bin hier in Norfolk, Virginia. Wir suchen für den USS Wisconsin. Es ist sozusagen in der Stadt, in der Stadt. Wir werden versuchen, es zu finden, und wir werden etwas cooles sehen. Willkommen zu den USS Wisconsin.

08:02:40 USS Wisconsin is 887 feet 3 inches along from bow to stern and 108 feet 3 inches across the Amid ships. She displaces 45,000 tons and can do 33 knots under the right conditions. Now, in World of Warships, you'll know that the Iowa-class battleships are fast and they're sleek and they're very accurate with the main battery, but the armor protection is not necessarily the best compared to other battleships. So...

08:03:07 During the war, under construction, the United States Navy actually overstated and overestimated the amount of armor that the Iowa-class battleships were purported to have. This was so that the Japanese thought they were better protected and compensated accordingly. As much as 1.5 times as much armor on the main belt was what the Japanese thought they were going to be meeting, when in fact the United States Navy was overestimating it. The Japanese understated the armor on their battleships to get around treaties. So what you get?

08:03:36 You get a fast battleship, not too much armor.

08:04:17 Everybody, this is Dave. Hi, Dave. Hi. How are you doing? I'm doing outstanding. Dave's going to tell us a little bit about the main battery. So, what are we looking at? Okay, you're looking at our 16-inch 50-caliber guns that we have on board this ship. Largest artillery of the United States military ever manufactured. These are what's known as 16-inch 50-caliber bag guns, where all that means in English is...

08:04:37 Sie sind schützt, denn wenn Sie die Füße, die Reaktion auf den Breach schützt, Sie haben sechs Päckchen. Sie sind sechs Päckchen. Sie sind 110 Päckchen. Sie sind 660 Päckchen. Wir benutzen den gleichen Päckchen. Wir benutzen den gleichen Päckchen, weil wir die Höhe von den Bärreln ändern können. Das ist so, dass wir die Muzzle-Velocität und Kinetic-Energie maintainieren können.

08:04:57 Da sind 50er Kälber. Das heißt, Kälber und Artillerie ist anders als was man mit einem anderen Kälber. Wenn man einen 38er Kälber oder 45er Kälber sagt, dann sagt man, wie viel der Kälber ist. Der Kälber und Artillerie sagt man, wie viel der Kälber ist. Der Kälber ist 50er. Der Kälber ist 16. Das zeigt man, dass die Kälber ist 800. Das ist 67.

08:05:16 The guns are rifled, so that length increases the accuracy of the gun because they're rifled. It also increases the muzzle velocity. These guns have a muzzle velocity of 2,900 feet per second. And that affects penetration. Yes, it does. Tell me about the penetration. It gives the gun a range of 26 miles. Now we fire two primary projectiles out of the guns. We fire a six-foot-tall...

08:05:34 2,700 pound armor piercing round. Armor piercing round can penetrate 30 feet of reinforced concrete or 20 inches of armor before it explodes. So we'd use that against four or five shore batteries or other battleships. Then we use a five foot tall 1,900 pound high explosive round. High explosive round, when it hits the ground, it leaves a crater 20 feet deep by 50 feet wide. The concussion wave from the explosion will defoliate every tree within 300 yards. No, wait, it gets even better. Any human being that's within 200 yards or 600 feet of the impact, that concussion wave hits you and it liquefies.

08:06:04 Ihr internal organs. My internal organs? Yes, they have to pick you up with a mop and a bucket. It's awesome. So you mentioned the... You mentioned the range. Can you remind me what the range is? 26 miles. 26 miles. What is that in kilometers? Oh, hang on. Sorry. Got him. 42.58 kilometers. Do you happen to know how long it would take an armor-piercing shell?

08:06:30 Ja, es ist 90 Sekunden. 90 Sekunden. Von Firing, die Impact at 20 Sekunden ist es 90 Sekunden. So, part of the fire control computer on this ship, you know, it takes into effect things like weather conditions, humidity, even the Koliolis effect, which is the curvature, the spinning of the earth. Because at 90 Sekunden, the earth is going to turn, so the fire control computers actually have to compensate for the actual spinning of the earth.

08:06:54 Guys, the curvature of the Earth has to be compensated for when firing at maximum range. Yes. And this was all done in 1941 technology. It was in the bunghole. The bunghole, yes. Literally, it's the little holes in the wine barrels. They're called bungholes. So here's your cans right here. Aha, okay. So then each can would have three bags of gunpowder in it, and you take six bags. Oh, here's the shell. Captains, I'm standing next to a 16.

08:07:19 High Explosive Shell. Now, you guys all know that in World of Warships, High Explosive Shells are used for lighting fires, but the armor-piercing version of this shell weighs 2,700 pounds. Each one of these barrels can fire one of these every 30 seconds. That's two rounds per minute that you are throwing a projectile weighing the same as a small car.

08:07:44 The Shell Velocity for the Armour-Piercing Shell from the USS Wisconsin is 762 meters per second. The High Explosive is 820 meters per second. To give you a little comparison, it's slightly faster than an F-22 Raptor. It's slightly slower than a MiG-31 and it's three times faster than a Boeing 747. It's also much slower than the fastest time I ever got for beating GoldenEye N64.

08:08:11 Each barrel and each gun machinery inside of this turret weighs 121.5 tons, but that's nothing compared to the entire turret itself. The entire turret machinery weighs as much as a Fletcher-class destroyer. There are three Fletchers basically strapped to this ship in terms of the turrets.

08:08:32 So, Dave, I see a lot of cable above me. Why? And how much cable is it? Well, on these ships, just to let you know, there's 1,330,000 feet of electrical cable. But when you're building the ship, one thing you have to be careful about is protecting your cable. The whole design of a battleship was just to sit there, pound it out with another ship, the first ship that sinks, so we're built to take damage.

08:08:53 You guys like firing guns, right? You like firing the main battery? I heard you like firing the main battery. This is where it happens. Dave. Yes. We are in a room full of gadgets, gizmos, dials, levers, and I don't even know what to call some of this stuff. Where are we? Okay, this is after plot. My personal opinion is the most impressive room on the ship. This is where I actually aim and shoot the 16-inch guns and the 5-inch guns. The guys in the gun turds, all they do is load the guns. They're actually shooting on the guns and aiming on the guns is done down here. They basically do nothing.

08:09:21 Ja, richtig. So, wie ich das mache? Ich benutze eine Ballistik-Computer. Das ist das hier. Das ist ein Computer. Das ist die Mark I-A Mod 13 Ballistik-Computer. Das ist von einem Ford Instrument-Kompany. Das war von Henry Ford. Das ist tatsächlich 3,155 lb. Das ist das? Das ist das. Es benutzt die Gears, Servos und Rods, um die Mathematicale Calculation zu machen. Oh. Und jetzt, das Computer ist die Inputs von all den Superstrukturen. Ich habe zwei 16-Inch Gun Directors, vier 5-Inch Gun Directors und andere Weapons Officers, all in den Superstrukturen, für die Rang und Behandlung zu meinem Target. Das ist das, was das Board ist hier.

08:09:50 Each one of these dials is an input to that computer from somebody on the superstructure. I can get the inputs from multiple locations because we're a bow ship. The whole design of a bow ship was just to sit there, pound it out with another ship, the first ship that sinks loses. So if we're in combat and we take it, okay, Bill's dead, go to Mike. Mike's dead, go to Frank.

08:10:07 Inputs kommen in. Ich mache meine Last-Minute Corrections. Hier ist mein Schiff's Course Information, ein bisschen Wind Direction, ein bisschen Schiff's Speed. Das Gericht geht es um 20 Nauts, warum nicht? Okay. Once everything ist dialed in, dieses Computer will actually aim the gun, turn the turret, aim the guns, and bring the guns up for firing. And this is 1940s Technologie. Now, this thing you gotta remember, this takes into effect things like muzzle velocity preceding rounds. We actually have a radar that measures the muzzle velocity of every round going out of the ship, so we can compensate if it changes.

08:10:35 Wind speed, humidity, Koliola's effect, the spinning of the earth, all that's calculated into this to do it. Now, I actually have three computers. I've got two in this room, and I've got one in the other room. That way, all three of my 16-inch gun turds could fire at different targets. We're the only country in World War II that had that capability. Wow. Every other country, all the guns fired at the same target. I've got three computers. All three turds could shoot at different targets.

08:10:57 Now, normally I'd shoot all the guns at the same target, so I'd use the computer in the other room, and I'll show you that in a minute. But so, because of that, these two computers also do the five-inch guns. And the five-inch guns, in addition to high-explosive and armor-piercing rounds, they're also anti-aircraft guns. They can shoot a proximity-fused round to an altitude of 38,000 feet. So the extra dial is on here, so I can track that kamikaze coming at me. So right here, like my target diving speed, as he's coming in, of course, if the kamikaze coming across my bow, I could track him so my five-inch guns could take him out. 38,000 feet, you said? Yes. For our Europeans, what is that in meters? Aye.

08:11:27 Okay, so once everything's dialed into this computer, this computer will actually turn the turrets and raise the guns for firing. Then once you're ready to shoot the guns, you go over to the stable element, which is over there, but I'm going to use this one because I'm standing right here. So this is my stable element. This is where I actually shoot the guns. This one's for this computer right here.

08:11:50 Now, when you're ready to shoot the guns, the first thing you're going to do is you're going to go over here to the far left-hand trigger. If you notice, I've got three sets of triggers here. The far left-hand trigger right here is my salvo trigger. You're going to pull this trigger three times. One, two, three. That sets off alarms in the main deck and in the gun turret until the crew of the gun is getting ready to fire. Imagine you're staying on the deck next to all those turrets. We'd have to know what's going to fire before it just fires and your ear drums blow out. Also, inside the gun barrel, inside the gun turrets, five feet behind each gun barrel, is a red line page across the ceiling, the wall and the floor, because there's a recoil system.

08:12:17 Each gun barrel has two huge hydraulic rams attached to them, and they actually recoil four feet. If you remember, that's 660 pounds of gunpowder going off. They recoil four feet. Now, the gun barrels weigh 280,000 pounds each. They recoil four feet in one-eighth of a second. Yeah, that's a recoil you don't want to be in the way of. Now, you're known as pink mist if that hits you. Yeah. So, one, two, three.

08:12:38 Dann kommen wir zum letzten Key auf der Seite. Das ist die Hand Firing Key. Das ist die Hand Firing Key. Das ist das. Sobald du das, dann wird das Firing Key geschlossen. Depending auf wie ich es configuriert habe, von 1-9-Gun-Barrell einfach nur auf. Das Computer macht einen tollen Job auf die Aufmerksamkeit. Das ist ein Range Keeper, nicht ein Range Finder. Der Unterschied ist ein Range Finder, ich diale in meine Location, die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die Anfänger in die An

08:13:04 Es ist auch eine Kontinuos Error-Signal zu den Gunn, weil ich nicht ein Stable Gun Platform bin, ich bin ein Schiff und die Oceans nicht immer ein Schiff. Ich bin nicht ein Stable Gun Platform, also. So, even wenn ich... Ich bin nicht ein Stable Gun Platform, also. So, even wenn ich mich auf die Waffe ein bisschen, sie ist zu bleiben, sie ist zu bleiben. Was passiert, wenn du in wirklich heavy-weather wirst, dann bist du nicht? Nope. Dann kommst du die Mitte, hier, die Automatik-Firing-Key, wir callen die Pineapple, weil es die Takt-Down-Knobs gibt, so du kannst es in der darken. Du pullst das Key, boom, das Kabel dann determines wann die Gunn's Fire. Wie es tut das, das ist eine 1941-Technologie, wenn du das hier...

08:13:33 There's a three axis gyroscope sitting right there. Wow. So that gyroscope gives me the exact Earth's horizon. Under the gyroscope are two metal balls that are connected by a tube that's filled with mercury. So they didn't know mercury was poisonous back then. And that mercury level gives you the exact level of the ship. So as the ship is rocking on the waves when they align, the guns automatically fire. Did you say that that compensates for the Earth's curvature? That does. Oh, okay. So you're suggesting that the Earth is not actually flat? Okay.

08:13:59 No, es ist nicht. Matter of fact, the Earth's horizon is 10 miles, at sea level, your visual horizon is 10 miles because of the curvature of the Earth. Got it. I used to drive ships. No, the Earth is not flat. Hear that, YouTube? The Earth is not flat. I tell you another reason why the Earth isn't flat. If the Earth was flat, there'd be nothing on it because all the cats would have knocked everything off by now.

08:14:21 I'm learning so much today, you guys. I fostered cats. I got 21 at home. Pulled this, the automatic trigger, the salvo trigger, which sets off the alarms. You pull it three times, one, two, three. Then you pull the hand, the firing trigger, and that fires the guns. You do that. Now, normally, I've actually talked to a sailor that actually stood here firing these guns during the Persian Gulf War. No one's going to be on the deck because we're at General Quarters already. So he knows what he's up. So when they do this, they'll go one, two, three.

08:14:48 Auf der 3rd pull, sie pullen beide Triggers. Just to save an extra half second? Yes. They would just go, 1, 2, 3. Because when the guy is loading the guns, after they load, they don't wait for the alarm. They just get out of the way automatically. This is called min-maxing, folks. This is min-maxing. You do not waste that extra half second. Why?

08:15:04 So this computer right here is our primary. This one does only the 16-inch guns. That's why there's less dials on it. But there's one thing I have here that nobody else in the world had in World War II. That's these two little scopes right above your head right here. This is World War II fire control radar. If you remember, radar was invented by the British in World War II. That's how they won the Battle of Britain because they knew exactly where the German bombers were so they could get their spitfires and tornadoes in the air. We took it and used it for fire control. Because I had radar fire control, I could shoot my guns at night and in bad weather.

08:15:29 Everybody else in the world had to optically aim their guns, so I had to be able to see the target. Daytime, fair weather, you know, if it's foggy, they can't see me, they can't shoot me, I have radar, I can shoot you. If you look at my two 16-inch gun directors outside, on top of the two 16-inch gun directors, there's a thing on the top, well, it's got a rounded front cover and it's pinned on the sides. That's my radar. Now it's a one-dimensional radar, provides range only, but it sits on top of the director, so the director would be pointing at the target, which gives me my bearing.

08:15:53 The display on these scopes is not a PPI sweep that goes around like you're used to seeing on a radar. It actually starts at the bottom of the screen. It works its way up. You get a blip. You measure from the blip to the bottom of the screen. That tells you the distance to the target. This was accurate enough that if I missed the target, the plume of water from the projectile hitting the water would show up so I could then correct my fire.

08:16:09 Ja, ich will Ihnen ein guter Beispiel, wenn das eigentlich in combat war, war das Guadalcanal. At Guadalcanal, der USS Washington in der South Dakota in den USA took on the Japanese battleship Karishma and three heavy cruisers in a night action. We ended up sinking all four of the Japanese ships. They had to keep firing up star shells because they couldn't see us. But we could see them. We could see them because I got radar. Yes. Check this little thing out. The Washington was a North Carolina-class battleship.

08:16:32 Let me show you something over here that I think is really cool. This is known as a dead reckoning plot table. If you remember, World War II, we're navigating ships by celestial navigation and dead reckoning. We don't have GPS or anything cool like that. Now, celestial navigation, just to let you know, we still use it in the United States Navy today. When you're the officer of the deck on a ship, you actually have to do celestial navigation, do like three to four celestial fixes and compare it against your charts, and it better work. I used to be an officer of the deck on the aircraft carrier 3 to Roseville, so I actually know how to do it.

08:16:57 Problem with celestial navigation is you have to use 59 stars, the sun and the moon. The sun and the moon are easy to find. Try to find those 59 stars. If you go out at night, you look at the night sky, there's a million stars, right? If there's no clouds, you get out in the middle of the ocean where you're in the middle of the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic or the Pacific, you're 2,000 miles from land and at sea the night you got zero light pollution. There's a million, there's a billion stars. And I used to be able to fix airplanes at 2 o'clock in the morning on the flight deck without using a flashlight because the light was so bright.

08:17:26 Also, you have to know math really well. You have to be able to do trigonometry and geometry in your head. You have to be able to do it in your head because the Navy, instead of wisdom, does not allow us to use an app or a calculator, they want to show your work. Sorry, Navy. Sorry. It takes 15 to 20 minutes of math once you're proficient to find out where you're at because you have to triangulate with three stars. Out in the middle of the ocean is great, but when you're close to land, 15 to 20 minutes to figure out where I am, I'm going to run underground. So how this works is underneath this chart. I'm using Massachusetts Bay because that happens to be where I'm from.

08:17:53 But underneath here, I got a light right here. It's called the bug. So you put a chart on top of your table here. I'll use Celestial Navigation Dead Wrecking to find out my ship's exact location. Once I find my ship's location on the chart, I then move that bug to that location. Over here, another analog computer. Ship's course and speed information is being fed into this computer. I adjust the computer to the scale of my map.

08:18:14 So, I've got these scaled distance rulers right here. These are scaled to my map. I got boxes of them sitting over there. So, let's say the ship is over the sea in Massachusetts Bay right here. I want to destroy this observatory in Lynn. I can just take this.

08:18:40 Put that over my boat, put that over there. So 156 degrees relative, 1,065 yards. There's my relative bearing, the distance to my target. Aim the guns and fire. Boom. That was way too much math for me, Dave. But I trust that you can do it. Oh yeah. Okay. This is why it's not one person. I like when we were sitting off the coast of Kuwait. I got this over there. I got to go get right there. Shoot there, there. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. There's almost...

08:19:05 Das ist das, was wir haben. Wir haben die Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm Böhm

08:19:34 Just like in the game.

08:19:37 Great, that's great. Those of you who are familiar with battleships of the American ilk in World of Warships will know the AA suites are very, very strong already. And the Wisconsin in her head day was no exception. In fact, USS Wisconsin had more than half of her crew assigned to AA duties, meaning the 20mm cannons, the 40mm Bofors. There was so much AA on this ship. However...

08:20:04 Als die船 entwickelt wurde und in die Zukunft, viel von der A.A. wurde verwendet und verwendet mit modernen Systemen, mit dem Tomahawk-Kruse Missiles, wie die hinter mir stehen. Diese großen Boxen haben die Tomahawk-Kruse Missiles. In den mid-1980s, die Wisconsin hat eine Upgrade zu ihrer Elektronik-Warfare Suite. Das includes her Satellite Communication & Navigation Systems, her Surface-to-Surface Radar, und die Long-Range Surface-to-Air Radar System.

08:20:37 So, the existing CIC...

08:21:04 Was not able to actually accommodate these new weapon systems. So you get the CEC. And from here, people are able to operate tomahawks. They're able to operate navigation systems for these new advanced weapons. And they're able to do so with new technology that was all routed to here.

08:21:44 I hope you all really enjoyed seeing Bogsy. We took an incredible trip to Nauticus, Wisconsin, and surprise, we have Dave with us here live for Q&A. This is incredible. You saw him from the video. You grew to love him from the video. He's on a mini vacation, so I better see you all being thankful that he's here, or I'm going to...

08:22:05 Be thankful that he's able to join us today, and we're going to do a Q&A session with him about Wisconsin. Bar none, one of my best experiences ever was last year coming out to video with you, getting into all kinds of shenanigans on board that ship. It was a great opportunity, great time. If you want to go ahead and kind of lead us off with introduction of yourself, what you do on the ship, and then we'll start diving into Wisconsin. Hi, everybody. My name is Dave.

08:22:33 I'm one of the tour guides on board the Wisconsin. I've actually been working on the ship now for about eight years, so I pretty much know every nook and cranny on the ship. Before that, I was actually in the United States Navy. I actually served in the Navy for 30 years. I'm a Mustang. I did 15 years enlisted and 15 years as an officer. Unfortunately, I did aircraft maintenance for a living, so I didn't serve on the Wisconsin. I did serve on the USS Midway, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt Enterprise.

08:22:59 Ich war just in Wisconsin last year. Ich war also in Midway. Ich war an der alten Stomping Ground. Das ist mein erstes Schiff. Wenn du immer wieder fühlst, haben wir einen Schiff auf, wie ein Museum. Oh, nein. Ich bin nur 41, und ich fühle mich schon. Wir haben einen langen Weg. Wir sind noch jung.

08:23:22 Well, I mean, based off the videos, you've got all that energy. I've got the best job in the world. I've got the best job in the world. I spent 30 years in the Navy. What do I do for a living? I work on a World War II battleship, and I talk about the Navy all day. Come on. Life couldn't give you better than that. Oh, I mean, you're not wrong. If you all want to visit a museum, go visit Nauticus. Now you all have an incredible brick-and-mortar museum, too. A lot of it was under renovation while we were there.

Besuch der USS Wisconsin und verbundene Attraktionen

08:23:51

08:23:51 It's done. Yeah, the upstairs, third floor Narcas, they just finished like a $10 million renovation upstairs. A lot of really cool stuff to see up there. I highly recommend coming and see. You buy a ticket to come to Narcas, you get to see the building, and then you also get to come out to the ship. But before you come out to the ship, right before you come out, it was actually, the Navy actually has a museum there, which I highly recommend you go to the Naval Museum also. So come in, see Narcas.

08:24:15 Ja, es ist...

08:24:25 Oh, I already want to go back. Now, when you come out to the ship, if you don't buy one of our guided tours, we have an engine room tour and a command control tour, which I highly recommend. Yes. You go to spaces that are not open to the general public. But if you don't buy one of the tours, you come out and you find one of the volunteers like myself on the ship, and I'll come up and say, hey, you got any questions I can answer for you? If you say yes, I will take you anywhere you want to go on the ship. I'll tell you all around the ship.

08:24:48 He's not kidding. The only thing we couldn't get into, I remember, were the 16-inch guns. We were able to poke our heads in the, I believe, the Marines 5-inch mount, 5-inch 38 mount. Yes, Turret 1 is open now. We had some air quality issues we were remediating. That has been completed. So you can go up inside Turret 1.

08:25:06 Turret 2 should be opening here soon too. Yes, it is. We are working on that. Because of you guys, we are working on that heavily to get that opened up. Yes, we are. I'm so excited. I stay in contact with your crew out there. I'm really excited to see Turret 2 opening because I don't think there's anything quite like the inside of the 16-inch turrets. Oh, no. There's nothing compared to what they're like.

Die Iowa-Klasse: Innovation und Feuerkraft

08:25:34

08:25:34 Y'all are really in the unique kind of paradigm shift in warfare, the Iowa-class battleships, Wisconsin, Iowa, New Jersey, Missouri, where you're kind of like, we had Little Rock on earlier, but they started the conversion earlier to missiles.

08:25:55 In the video you see the Combat Engagement Center, you see the tomahawk boxes, you see the harpoons. Really kind of the symbol of American innovation is, you know, we don't have enough ships right now, so we're going to make our deadliest ship even more deadly. Yeah, they took four of the five-inch gun mounts off the ship. We used to have ten five-inch gun mounts. We currently have six of them.

08:26:20 Two gun mounts on the back on each side came off. They added 32 Tomahawk cruise missiles in armored box launchers and 16 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. So much firepower. Yeah, plus they added four Seawiz mounts also. They've unfortunately been removed, but we had the four Seawiz also. Yeah, it's incredible to see the...

08:26:43 the evolution in person you can see all of the old and all of the new the updated radars it's really worth taking a trip out there yeah you come out to the ship i can show you spaces that are world war ii spaces show you spaces on the ship that are korean war vintage and show you stuff that was redone in 1988 so you know we have three general you know three wars world war ii the korean war and the gulf war and uh we have all those and it's a it's a whole hodgepodge all put together and it works

08:27:09 Yeah, I remember the some of my favorite parts there. And I know y'all are opening the Nixie room too as well here in a little while. They're going to be a special tour there, which is the torpedo countermeasures. But I loved the CEC is just super cool because you see modern technology in a World War II ship. It's wild. Modern-ish technology, 1980s. 1980s technology. But we got to go down to the engine room. Keith took us down to the engine room. And the escape trunk from the engine room?

08:27:39 Yeah, it comes from the pump room to back up to Broadway, yes. My first time walking down the hall, you all have like plexiglass, like four-inch thick plexiglass or whatever. And so my first time walking down the hall, it's like, oh, what's this? There's like a red light coming out of the hall. Oh, my God. It looks like it goes forever. It's only five stories. Yeah, so 50 feet. It's just a five-story. It's an escape trunk out of the pump room.

08:28:04 Everything down there wants to kill you. All the pipes down there have 850 degrees steam running through them. We have fuel pumps down there with the fuel being pumped at 250 PSI. So a pinhole leak in any of the pumps down there will fill the whole room with atomized fuel and everything down there is hot. So that's the emergency escape to get out of there if something breaks. Yeah, I remember it's one of those, it's a white knuckle moment too if you have to escape through that truck. Because like, if I remember right, everybody basically from the...

08:28:29 Die Maschinen space von der Pump Room hat es in den Trunk bevor der Top Man opens es. So you basically got the scaper all the way to the top to get ready to open it. It's not that everybody has to be in it. It's the last person who has to close the bottom door. If you don't close the bottom door before you open up the hatch on the top to escape, then it becomes this chimney. Yeah.

08:28:49 Ja, das ist real Dammage Control. Der erste Mann hat sich da und erhält den Rund-Wheel zu öffnen, aber er kann es nicht öffnen, bis die Bottom-Dor wird öffnen. Man, das ist ein... Es ist ein Differenzierter. Ich war mit... Ich glaube, es ist Greg.

08:29:15 Ja, Greg from Independence. Okay. In Philly. And we were talking about like, oh, you know, you're a paratrooper. So like, what's scarier? Like jumping out of planes or being a submarine? And it's the same way here. Like, what's scarier? Like being a paratrooper or being in the pump room of a battleship? That's terrifying. I tell you, I've rappelled out of helicopters, but I could never be on a submarine. Yeah.

08:29:40 Well, there's a thing called crush depth, right? And just to let you know, the formula is if you take the weight in liquid in pounds per gallon, most salt water is anywhere from 9 to 13 pounds per gallon. Fresh water is 8.45 pounds per gallon. Take that times .052 times total vertical depth. That gives you pounds per square inch of pressure on the hull.

08:30:02 I drilled oil wells for four years after I got out of the Navy. That's kind of why I know stupid things like that. Yeah, right. So what you're saying is don't take a cheap carbon fiber submarine to see the Titanic. Correct. Yes. I'll put that in my Rolodex of information on that one. I can actually calculate the PSI on the hull and it's like not going to happen. No, it's terrifying. Math is a scary, scary thing. So we've got some questions starting to filter in now from chat. Go ahead and look.

Design und Rolle der Iowa-Klasse im Zweiten Weltkrieg

08:30:30

08:30:30 What were the Iowa-class ships designed for? Come on, guys. What did their role end up being in World War II? How did their role evolve post-war? That's a lot of questions. Really good questions. So I got a short question, give you a long answer. The Iowas were actually designed as fast battleships. Because if you remember, going into World War II...

08:30:55 Die meisten modernen Ships waren die South Dakota- und North Carolina-Class-Fallerships. Und sie waren Treaty Ships. Sie waren unter den Restrictions der Four-Nation-Treaties, der First- und Second-Washington-Treaties und London-Treaties nach World War I. Und sie hatte nur eine Top-Seite von 23 Nauts. Und die meisten von Japan-Fallerships hatten eine Top-Seite von 33 Nauts. Und die Naga-Class-Klasse konnte eigentlich 35 Nauts. Und remember, Fallerships sind ...

08:31:17 Das heißt, dass die Armour pläten ist, um gegen den gleichen Kalibern zu haben. Die North Carolina- und South Dakota-class battleships waren nur 14-inch guns. Aber weil die Japaner waren unter dem 88-Battleplan, der der Fließ hat 8 battleships und 8 heavy Kruisers, haben sie alle die Tretien, die sie an. So Roosevelt invoked die Escalator Clause und sie upgraded die ships zu 16-inch guns. So sie hatten 16-inch guns, aber sie waren 16-inch 45-caliber, die sind kleiner als unsere Guns. So, obwohl sie 16-inch guns hatten, ihre Armour only protected against...

08:31:46 14-inch gun shells. And they could only do 23 knots. 1930s was the dawn of the aircraft carrier. And the aircraft carriers, remember they had to do 33 knots to deck launch their aircraft. So none of our bow ships could keep up with the aircraft carriers and protect them. And also the Japanese bow ships had a 10-knot advantage on us. So they could outflank our bow ships. So the Iowas were designed with 16-inch guns, 16-inch 50 caliber. The South Dakota and North Carolina are 16-inch 45 caliber.

08:32:12 So, we're designed with 16-inch guns, so our armor is actually protected against 16-inch shells, and we're designed to do 33 knots, so we can keep up with and protect the aircraft carriers, and we can't be outflanked by the Japanese power ships. So, we're designed as a fast power ship, basically to escort and protect the carriers, and we can keep up with and outflank the Japanese.

08:32:31 Ja, das war eine der Dinge, auch, das wird abundlich klar, wenn man die Analog Fire Control computers hat und die Radar Fire Control hat, dass, ja, Yamato hat 18-inch guns, Musashi hat 18-inch guns, aber Iowa könnte einfach nur die Distance auf either of them. Und wir können alle, weil wir die Stable Element in der mit der Jaro-Scope haben, wir können Sie auf den ersten Schott. Ja.

08:33:00 Washington with Kirishima or something like that. Yeah, Kirishima. Yeah. The Washington, there was the North Carolina and the Washington took on the battleship Kirishima for three heavy cruisers at Guadalcanal. Yeah. Washington, the North, the Washington, I mean the South Dakota, I'm sorry, it was Washington and the South Dakota. South Dakota had an electrical failure so she couldn't fire, but the Washington, because of fire control, was able to take the Kirishima and all three battleships out.

08:33:29 Das war Admiral Ching Lee's famous line, was it move aside, I'm coming through, or something like that, I think was from that battle. Pretty much, yeah. That really showed. I mean, you didn't invest in radar fire control. People talk about a duel between the Iowa and Yamato, and realistically, Iowa just keeps the distance, Wisconsin just keeps the distance until it's nighttime. And not only that, but remember the Japanese use, most of their ships use plate armor. You know, like our armor.

08:33:59 A lot of areas, our armor is 17 inches thick. It's 17 inches of Krupp cemented armor, which is a Type A armor. Then the rest of the ship is covered in STS steel, super treated steel, which is a Class B armor. It's not inferior, but it's actually weldable, which the Krupp's is not very weldable. It's more brittle. But the STS, it will take high explosive rounds. It's fair protection against high explosive rounds. Now,

08:34:27 und die nabie ist nicht mehr als ob es über 4.0 so die ganze ship ist fully armoured und uh like our like our citadel around the uh the bridge and on the turrets we got 17 inches of armor it's 17 inches of solid armor on the japanese battleships if they did 17 inches of armor they'd do seven they would do 17 inch 17 one inch plates both uh well uh riveted together

08:34:53 so an armor piercing round from my gun they see they see one inches of one inch of armor 17 times so yeah so one of our armor piercing rounds would go through that through that plate armor like a knife through hot butter

08:35:07 So, I personally believe after doing all the research and working on the battleship, an Iowa-class battleship would definitely take out a Yamato the Masashi in a heartbeat. Yeah, and it's, I mean... So Operation Teninchigo, when the Yamato was deployed, the Wisconsin and four other battleships were on the way to intercept her. Of course, Admiral Michener had all the aircraft, you know, the carriers, and he got the same message, and the planes got there before. Yeah. So by the time the Wisconsin showed up, there was just a hole in the water. Yeah, and that's a real thing, too. It's like...

08:35:36 You have to take into account that both ships are going to try to play to their advantage. So Yamato is going to try to stay at maximum firing range, but the Iowa, we can just... Yeah, we'll just stay out there and wait until the sun goes down, and then we'll just devastate you. Yeah, absolutely. Getting within 15 miles of my 5-inch guns can also add to the destruction. Yeah. Okay, so we have a...

08:36:02 A few more questions from chat here. I'll keep going with the chat questions so we can make sure we don't run over too long. I have a feeling we'll run over a little bit. I'm talking to them. Sorry. Oh, no. This is perfect. This is beautiful. This is the excellent way to end it. We usually run out of steam by the last one, and so I'm really happy we're high energy here. But the question is, TASM, so I'm assuming Tomahawk air-to-surface missile, Harpoon, or 16-inch 50. Which is your favorite?

08:36:31 me personally the 16-inch guns are my favorite my favorite correct yeah oh yeah because i mean all right just now i'll tell you why okay now a 16-inch gun we fire two primary projectiles out of the guns to answer we'll tell you why the first i'll tell you we fire a six foot tall 2 700 pound armor piercing round armor piercing round can penetrate 30 feet of reinforced concrete or 20 inches of armor so i'd use that against four or five short batteries or other bow ships

08:36:59 Then we fire a 5-foot tall, 1,900-pound high-explosive round. High-explosive rounds we use against soft targets, you know, basically people because, you know, people disintegrate nicely. Now, high-explosive round, when it hits the ground, it leaves a crater 20 feet deep by 50 feet wide. The concussion wave from the explosion will defoliate every tree within 300 yards. Even better than that, any human being that's within 200 yards of the impact, the concussion wave will hit you and it will liquefy your internal organs.

08:37:27 Yeah, they have to pick you up with a mop and a bucket. It's awesome. Man, after my own heart there. Yeah, I'm quite the... I love those big guns. It was wild, too, because I'm going through joint fires observer training in the Army. And you start looking, you're like, okay, what's the danger close ranges? And you go, oh, one kilometer. What is that? Oh, 16-inch naval gun. Yeah. Wait, why is this still in my manual?

08:37:48 All right. Remember in Vietnam, our sister ship, New Jersey, she was active from 1968 to 1972 during the Vietnam War. The biggest thing they used her for was making LZs. If you're Army, your landing zones. One 16-inch high-explosive round. There you go. 300-yard circle. Instant landing zone. Here you go. Boom. There you go. Silly me. I was just using Deck Cord.

08:38:17 I just, there you go, NCLZ, there you go. Simple. Another question here, looks like collaboration stuff for all the Iowa classes, because all four are currently museum ships. Yes. How much do you, all the Iowa class museums talk to each other for collaboration and assistance? I kind of know the answer because HINZ is a thing, but I don't know if you work directly with the other sister ships.

08:38:40 No, we talk to each other. We provide each other extra stuff. Matter of fact, we just gave them a whole bunch of 16-inch projectiles a few months ago that we had extras. Actually, the big heavy ones. They're inert. The explosives have come out. I like that you have to specify. We've had a lot of people asking about, do those guns still work? Just to clarify that. We talk to each other.

08:39:07 We're all run by different organizations. Wisconsin is owned by the city of Norfolk. New Jersey gets a lot of their funding from Newark and from the city and from the state of New Jersey. So we have different funding, different people that we work for that own the ships. So there is collaboration between them, but not as much as I personally wish there was. I wish there was more personally.

08:39:36 I mean, that's kind of always a difficult thing. We even see it on our side, coordinating everything with the museum partners. Everybody's in a different position staffing and funding-wise, and you want to make sure to try to get everybody involved and engaged and help everybody out to maintain history, but you've kind of got to take care of your museum first. Yeah, everybody for themselves in a lot of cases.

08:39:59 But I do know there is some coordination. Circle Naval Ships Association does a decent job with information sharing and coordinating everything. And they just got a new executive director. So Ryan now gets to go back to just running New Jersey. Well, he does a great job up there, too. Ryan's got, if you haven't gone on YouTube and watched some of it, I mean, I watch his videos. That's how I learned stuff about my ship is by watching his videos. He does a great job. Yeah, absolutely. Definitely worth taking a look at. Oh, yeah. So with.

08:40:28 With Wisconsin now. Ah, the brennual favorite.

Die Geschichte des Temper Temper Vorfalls der USS Wisconsin

08:40:33

08:40:33 What's the story behind the Temper Temper incident? Is it really a true incident? Okay, that is a true incident. If you want, if you've got a couple minutes, I can tell you the story. Give me about five minutes. Yeah, let's go for it. Okay, so 1952, Wisconsin's operating, we're in the Korean War, we're operating off of Songsin, North Korea. Songsin, North Korea is in the southeastern corner, right by the DMZ, right on the coastline.

08:41:01 So the ship arbeitet, normally we stay 5 miles off the coast. That way my 16-inch guns can fire 21 miles inland. My 5-inch guns, remember 1952, I've got five 5-inch gun turrets on each side of the ship. Each gun turret has two guns, so I've got 25-inch guns, 10 on each side. The 5-inch guns can fire a 55-pound projectile, either high-explosive or armor-piercing. They fire 15 rounds a minute. So with 10 guns on the side of the ship, I can put 150 rounds a minute in the air. That's a lot of lead.

08:41:30 My 16-inch guns fire 2 rounds a minute, so I can put 18 rounds a minute in the air. So Songshin is a coastal area, and then there's a whole bunch of mountains. So there's a rail depot in Songshin, and the North Koreans were having troop trains were coming in and offloading North Korean troops in Songshin. So the Wisconsin was sitting off the coast, and the 5-inch guns were just raking the rail yard, just destroying all the troop trains and all the troops that were showing up at the rail yard. The 16-inch guns...

08:41:59 We're firing England and hitting the bridges and the tunnels that the trains were coming through on their way there. As a matter of fact, there's one tunnel where a troop train with an estimated 2000 North Koreans went into a tunnel. The Wisconsin blew up the exit, then we blew up the entrance. So there could be a train inside a tunnel with 2000 skeletons, but we can't verify it because it's North Korea, right? So, right? So, yeah, yeah. So, so.

08:42:27 So that's the racket. So I got 10 5-inch guns are firing and all 9 16-inch guns are firing. So you imagine the racket that's going on. Now, the horizon at sea level, by the way, for those of you that don't know, the horizon at sea level is 10 miles, okay? So that's what you, if you have an obstructed view, you can only, you can see 10 miles because of the curvature of the earth. So inland.

08:42:47 in uh inland a couple miles was a north korean artillery battery they're firing 152 millimeters which is very poor model that's what the russians use today they're even using those in ukraine they're terrible weapons that's why the us that's why we use the 155 it's much better gun but anyways sorry bias art so so the north koreans have an artillery battery with their 152 millimeter guns they're up on a hill and they're shooting at u.s and south korean marines well they look over and they say hey look bow ship

08:43:14 So they turned the gun, and they decided to take a pot shot at the Wisconsin. Well, they fired three rounds at the ship. The first two straddled the ship, basically perfect aiming, hitting the water on each side. The third round came in on the starboard side, just in front of gun turret number three. It ricocheted off of a 40-millimeter buffers mount, hit the deck, and exploded. It's on the O2 level, two levels above the main deck. That spot is open to the public, by the way, and we can actually show it to you.

08:43:39 Und jetzt, drei Leute in den 40mm Böber's Mountain waren, sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch. Sie waren in den Schleunsch.

08:44:06 All 9 16-inch guns focused on that one. He literally turned the mountain into a molehill. Now, when we're out at sea, Wisconsin can protect itself against aircraft and ships, but we don't have any anti-submarine warfare protection. I mean, we're so bloody loud, even if we had sonar, a submarine could be underneath us and we won't even hear them. So we normally have a couple of destroyers alongside of us, and they provide the anti-submarine warfare. They got the sonar, they got depth charges and ASROCs and all that stuff.

08:44:34 So, there was a submarine, I forgot, I'm sorry, I forgot the name of the sub, too, I used to know it. There was a submarine, I mean, a destroyer next to the Wisconsin, and the captain over there on the destroyer, you know, he's just falling out of his chair laughing at what's going on over there. And after the ship responded with a nine-gun broadside, the captain of the destroyer decided to send a message to the captain of the Wisconsin, but he decided to use signal flags. And the signal flags read, temper, temper.

08:44:58 Dann hightailed it out of there because we got bigger guns. So he was like, okay, I'm out of here now. Absolutely. I'm not sticking around to see where this goes. And I remember, I don't know if it's true or not, allegedly Wisconsin responded he started it or something like that as well. Yeah, all I know is I got the temper temper and then the destroyer was like, okay, I'm out of here. I'm not going to stick around to see what happens. He's got bigger guns and more of them out of here. Oh, yeah, that's one of my favorite stories.

08:45:23 If we get an opportunity. That spot is open to the general public. If you come on board the ship, we can shoot. It's right by our helicopter control tower. We actually have a plaque that they put on the deck right there. There's actually a piece of the shrapnel from the projectile we have right there. Yeah, it's incredible. We were able to go.

08:45:41 And actually see the spot. And we've got video footage, I think, from it. One of these days we'll probably release that to the general public. We're still sitting on so much footage from our visit. It really is incredible. We'll come back and I'll give you some more. Yeah, yeah, I'm down. Let's see, we've got a few others. Any other questions? Let's see.

Modernisierungsüberlegungen und Reaktivierungspotenzial der USS Wisconsin

08:46:06

08:46:06 Oh, yeah, that's actually a big thing. During reactivation, was consideration given to replacing some 5-inch mounts with Mark 13 launchers and using the magazines for SAMs? So it looks like basically replacing the old 5-inch guns with updated SAM missiles. SAM missiles, just SAMs. There was a proposal. There was actually a proposal to remove one of the stacks and actually install vertical launch missile tubes. Oh, really?

08:46:35 Yeah, there was a proposal to change the propulsion system from the steam turbines to more of a gas turbine type of a system. And by saving the air, by taking those out, they were going to take out the after stack. And that location was going to have crystal tubes in it. That was a consideration, but the cost was just exorbitant. So they was like, okay, it all came down to the almighty dollar. I do know too, there was somebody who tried to make a proposal for a plan to mount.

08:47:04 Das ist so wild.

08:47:34 Oh, this is actually a really interesting one that a lot of people probably want to know. Are museum ships like Wisconsin kept available for reactivation? I know...

08:47:45 Some are kind of beyond saving, but are there any... We are capable of being reactivated. When the Navy struck her from the Naval Register in 2006, she became property of the city of Norfolk in 2009. But when the city manager and the mayor signed the paperwork, there's a little asterisk at the end of their names. Then you went to the back of the contract, there was like five pages of small print. Of course there was.

08:48:06 So basically, yeah, there are certain things we can't do to the ship because even though the Navy instructor from the Naval Register, they have the option of recalling her. So yeah, there are certain things we can't do because they have to be able to recall her. So our engine rooms all still work. The gun turks, they actually still all work on the ship.

08:48:24 Could the Navy take her back? Yes, they could. So much work, but I mean, it's happening. The B-52 is a thing that exists and the buff has been around.

08:48:38 I used to work in Jewell Oilwells in North Dakota and Minot Air Force Base up there. We worked a 14-day rotation on the oil well. So after when you flew in, you had to get 14 days worth of food. Everybody went down into Minot at Walmart. I would go up to Minot Air Force Base and use the commissary up there because I'm retired military. And I did aircraft maintenance and they fly the B-52s out of there.

08:49:07 Also, the silo sitters are up there because my North Dakota is all filled with Minuteman missile silos up there also. So I used to drive down their flight line, you know, and in North Dakota, the average during the wintertime, the air temperature is negative 20 degrees Fahrenheit. I've seen negative 50 before up there. I used to refer to it as stupid cold. But I see the guys out there working on the, my Air Force counterparts out there working on those B-52s. I'm like looking at my truck and the temperature says negative 25. I'm like, no way.

08:49:36 Oh man, the buffs. I grew up out in California, an area that had some bones. And I fell in love with the B1s because of it. They're just so cool growing up and seeing them flying around.

08:49:51 We had, it looks like, one last question, and it's about the communications complement and the communications equipment. Is it still present on board the ship, and is it still functional? And I know they probably saw the CEC with, like, the red telephone or everything, and we kind of played it back with it. Yeah, the Coke machine is still on there. The radio room, the radio, the transmitters and receivers are still on board the ship.

08:50:18 The Message Center is still there. I will say there are a few items that were removed. A lot of the SATCOM stuff was removed. UHF, VHF, all those radios and stuff are still on board the ship, yes.

08:50:34 Ja, ich erinnere mich, dass ihr alle nicht die R2-D2s haben, die CWIS. Ja, und der Grund ist, wenn wir in 1988 waren, die CWIS war ein ziemlich neues System an der Zeit. Und unsere drei sisteren Ships, die Outland-New Jersey-Missouri, haben die Original Block 0 Version von der Gunn. Wenn sie zu uns wurde, sie hat die Block 1, die neue Software und neue Hardware.

08:50:58 Wenn die Wisconsin decommissioniert wurde, in 1991, December 1991, nach der Golf War, der Block I war noch immer noch nicht auf den Navy. Wir hatten vier von ihnen, und sie waren 50 Millionen Dollar. So, die vier von ihnen, die R's, waren alle geöffnet und geöffnet wurden. Die drei sisteren haben die, denn die Units waren eigentlich obsoletete dann. Ja. Wir versuchen, einen oder einen Mockup zu bekommen, aber es ist nur Geld. Wenn man jemanden will, wir nehmen die Geld.

08:51:25 I still remember the conversation that led to us funding the turret. So how much would it cost to open Turret 2? And Ren goes off and gets a number with Kat, comes back, oh, you know, 50,000. I'm like, can I buy a turret? Can I just do this?

08:51:48 Kann ich einfach das tun? Das ist die Sache ich kann das? Ich habe es zurückgebracht und ich konnte es nicht mehr auf den Sitzung. Ich habe es schon ein Buy-In von meinem Boss. Was wirklich cool ist die Optical Aiming System. Die Elefanteer ist auf der Seite. Die Optical Aiming System ist in der Mitte. Die Optical Aiming System ist in der Mitte. Oh, das ist so awesome. So, du kannst du auch sehen die Optical Aiming System? Ja, das ist wirklich cool, ja.

08:52:15 It's such a cool ship. I could talk about this all day, but I'm starting to feel my eyelids get heavy. I think it's finally about time. It's about time to let you go, too. It's 9 p.m. Any more questions? Any of your viewers have any more questions I can answer for you? Anything about the ship? Let's see. Do you have any questions that you didn't get last time we met? Oh, too many to cover tonight, sir. I'll have to come back out. I'll take another trip out for sure. But I think we're going to...

08:52:44 I think we're gonna call it there.

08:52:48 Thank you so very much, Dave. It's been absolutely incredible. Thank you for the video. Thanks for hosting us on Wisconsin. Thanks for joining us today. I love to talk about the ship. I mean, it's American history. This ship served in three wars, World War II, the Korean, the Gulf War. I served in the Gulf War, first Gulf War, Desert Storm, the second Gulf War, Iraqi Freedom. I was the first ship to deploy to Afghanistan under...

08:53:15 After 9-11, I did two tours to Yugoslavia. I went back the second time, but now it was called Kosovo. Same war, still Milosevic, but the United Nations. So now they call it a different... So because of that, we got two United Nations medals out of it. Same war, but they changed the name. So it was, hey, new medal, okay. We always joked about that with our combat infantryman badges. Like, hey, so like, when am I getting the star? Because like, I reckon I've guessed, they're like, ah, no, no, no, technically the same war. It's like...

08:53:44 Aber star. Ja, aber es ist klar. Es ist ein Storm, es ist ein Shield, es ist das gleiche. Es ist ein Star. Ja, aber es ist ein Star. Ja, aber es ist ein Star. Ja, aber es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, aber es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star. Ja, es ist ein Star.

08:54:13 We actually have four of our volunteers are actually retired Navy captains, by the way, three of which were commanding officers of ships. So we have a very experienced crew. If you want to know something about that ship, trust me, I've got somebody there that can tell you. I even have a couple of retired Army guys there, major girlfriends. Poor souls. Yeah, it's really fun on the ship. We're on the Army-Navy game, which we won this year, by the way. I know. I was devastated.

08:54:42 You know why the Army doesn't have a website? Army Football doesn't have a website? Oh, no. Because they can't string three Ws together.

08:54:50 Sorry. I'm sorry. That's amazing. Oh, I'm very happy my friends aren't that clever. Otherwise, I would have never heard the end of it from my Navy friends. I'm sorry. I can't help it. Oh, you're good. Dave, you've been absolutely incredible. Please, we'll make sure you join us again. All you have to do is ask. I'll make myself available no matter where I'm at. Awesome. Thank you so much, sir. We'll go ahead.

08:55:16 Um, we'll let you get back to your mini vacation. Uh, we'll cut back. Yeah. Our wine glass is empty. Yeah. Gotta go get a refill, sir. Have a great night. You too, sir. Thank you very much. And have a good day, guys. Thank you.

08:55:44 Dave ist so cool. Es ist immer toll, haben ihn mit ihm. Es war großartig. Wir haben den Video Shot mit ihm gemacht. Für Kontext, Bogsy und ich haben den besten Teil der ganze Zeit mit Dave und der ganze Zeit mit Keith und den ganzen Tag mit Keith. Two days of Touring Wisconsin mit unglaublich knowledgeable Leuten. One, die für viele Jahre, die andere, die für Jahre gearbeitet hat.

08:56:13 Oh, it was amazing. I cannot say how excited I am that we got them on this year. And really go and check them out. Go and check out any of the museums that are close to you. They all have incredible stories to tell. My favorite part of this stream series is we get to share an enormous collection of very real, still alive history. And I'm incredibly happy that you all joined us.

08:56:42 Again, if everybody remembers, I do have one more fancy code to give away. So I'll go ahead and have Lord Geishu, the third Esquire, pick the winner and give out... Oh, it's green, so it fades into the green screen. So wait, that means that I can hold it and it'll actually...

08:57:04 Oh, no, the glare's too much. That's so cool. Anyways, yeah, we'll go ahead and do that last giveaway. And while we're getting the giveaway taken care of, we'll go ahead and run a little bit of a clip from another episode from MagellanTV. We'll go ahead and greet y'all and send you all off on your way. So stick around to watch this excellent clip of we're continuing with the War in the Pacific theme.

08:57:33 So take a look at this MagellanTV clip. They've been a great sponsor and partner. So take a look. Will the winner now announce? Yep. Okay. R.N. Nelson Bob 007 won. R.N. Nelson Bob 007. That is like...

08:57:59 Almost every trope except T I can think of about England rolled into one. Why do I have this on still? I don't need this anymore. I think I'm losing it. I think I've been here too long. Gaishu and I have been here for... Gaishu's been here for 12, I've been here for 11 hours. But, uh... Yeah, um, go ahead. Is he actually able to claim it? Ah, darn. I was gonna use it if he didn't.

08:58:28 Ja, we'll go ahead and stick around for a little bit of MagellanTV Episode 2 of World War II in the Pacific and then join us for a sign out. Transitioning out. Summer 1942. Six months after Pearl Harbor, the tides of war are shifting.

08:58:54 An American victory at Midway strips Japan of its dominance of the waves. But this epic war for supremacy in the Pacific is far from over. Hitting island after island, it's clear. The US is facing an enemy that is willing to fight to the death.

08:59:18 This is the story of terrifying fanaticism and personal heroism, told in compelling detail, with specially enhanced colour film and rare footage shot by the troops themselves, all put together for the first time to answer the question, does America have what it takes to endure and win? This is World War II in the Pacific.

09:00:15 By the summer of 1942, it's clear Japan's attempt at knocking America out at Pearl Harbor failed. In fact, the US victory at the Battle of Midway has enabled them to assert dominance at sea. It's a shift in power that has America ready to strike back at Japan's empire.

09:00:45 The question is, where to begin? US military planners, led by Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, identified Japan's Achilles' heel. A complete lack of natural resources. It's why Japan has seized all those territories around the Pacific.

09:01:13 um eine Empfehlung zu ermöglichen, Öl, Ruhm, Teufel und Essen, die wichtigsten für die Kriegung der Kriegung zu halten. Kutzen diese Ressourcen, und Japan wird fallen.

09:01:37 Der Problem ist, der Japanese Commander General Hideki Tojo kennt es, auch. Er hat eine Defensive Ring von Stuhl über Japan's Empire gebaut. Eine Reihe von Islanden Bases, vollständig mit Troopern, Schipz und Flugzeugen, um sich zu schützen.

09:02:07 Taking them will demand more than American naval superiority. It will mean driving the Japanese from their bases across the ocean, island by island. This will require an entirely new form of warfare.

09:02:38 The amphibious landing. America has never attempted anything like this before. But US chiefs believe there's no alternative to the island hopping strategy. They decide to attack along two fronts.

09:03:06 Admiral Chester Nimitz, der Kommander-in-Chief der US-Fleet, ... ... wird in den Zentral-Pasiten gegründet werden, ... ... in den Gilbert, Marshall und Mariana Islands. General Douglas MacArthur, ... ... der Supreme Kommander von Allied Forces in den Südwesten-Pasiten, ... ... wird New Guinea und die Solomon Islands ... ... nach dem Süd des Empires Japan.

09:03:40 Fortunately for MacArthur, allies stationed on New Guinea have prevented Japan from seizing the entire island. The Japanese invaded New Guinea in March 1942, but came up against Australia's forces stationed there.

09:04:10 Mit der Hilfe der Papua-Native, die Australien haben gegen die Japan-South-Seas-Förse geschlagen. Und haben eine wichtige Basis auf Port Moresby gebracht. Das wird die USA mit einem Föthold von dem, um ihre Offensive zu launchen.

09:04:41 MacArthur's first target. A tiny island on the southern tip of the Solomon Islands. The very bottom of Japan's defensive ring. Guadalcanal. The offensive opens with shelling by US warships.

09:05:19 B-17s von 26th Squadron haben die Verstärkung für sieben Tage gegründet. Nur wenn Japan's Gefängnissen sind, hat Makartha den ersten Land-Based-Assort erstellt.

09:05:52 US Marines go into amphibious combat for the very first time. Low light and heavy clouds allow the approaching landing craft to go undetected. Wave after wave of Marines pour onto the beaches. Everything is going like clockwork.

09:06:21 But as they press up the beach the Japanese are waiting. Japan's garrison fight back with shocking ferocity.

09:06:45 Die 1st und 11th Marine Corps empfiehlt die Schwestern mit Hauwitzers. Das ist nicht genug. Sie sind geholfen. Die Japaner sind mit einem Code von Honour geholfen. Es ist besser zu sterben oder zu sterben, als zu verabschieden.

09:07:12 A code that Americans quickly discover means they'll offer a fight to the death. Within hours, 10,000 US troops reach land, outnumbering the enemy 5 to 1.

09:07:42 Als mehr US-artillerie und Tank-Support entsteht, MacArthur's optimistisch ist, dass er die Japaner ausgesucht und ausgesucht hat. Japan's 2,000-stronng garrison ist schnell überwältigt.

09:08:07 By 8 p.m., nach 14 Stunden der Krieg, amerikanische Trämpfe bestätigen ihren Hauptobjektiv. An Airstream, auf der Norte der Island. MacArthur hat jetzt eine Air Base, mit dem erzeugen, auf Japan's Island Empire zu unterstützen.

09:08:36 Aber seine Kontrolle über den islanden ist weit entfernt. 12 Tage später, Japan machte ein Counterattack. Ein Wettbewerb von 1,000 Soldaten aus dem Rabaul auf Rabaul landen auf Guadalcanal.

09:09:11 American forces stand firm. Almost all of the Japanese that attack are killed. But they keep on coming.

09:09:44 Wave after wave of Japanese reinforcements pour onto the island. Fighting continues for six months. Until Japan is forced to concede.

09:10:22 All remaining Japanese forces are evacuated from Guadalcanal by February 7, 1943. The battle for this one tiny island costs America 7,100 lives. Japan's losses are a staggering 24,000.

09:10:50 Guadalcanal is a taste of the war of attrition that is to come. The American victory provides a key foothold on the edge of the Japanese Empire.

09:11:12 A secure airfield for MacArthur to start island hopping his way towards the ultimate goal. Mainland Japan. February 1943.

09:11:34 Mit Guadalcanal unter der Kontrolle, US Chiefs können nun beginnen die Prozess von Japan aus der Nutzung der Natur. Rabao, auf der Nutzung der Nutzung der Nutzung, ist Amerika's nächstiger. Von hier, Japan verabschiedet und Nutzung der Nutzung der Nutzung.

09:12:05 MacArthur's plan is not to capture Rabaul, but to isolate it. Cut off, it will cease to pose any military threat. Operation Cartwheel is launched. General MacArthur intends to encircle Rabaul with a pincer maneuver.

09:12:29 MacArthur himself will lead the western Pincer from Port Moresby up the Japanese occupied northern coast of New Guinea. The eastern Pincer, commanded by Admiral William Bull Halsey, will start from Guadalcanal and move north through the Japanese controlled Solomon Islands. From these two points, the US Navy can complete the encirclement.

09:13:01 As with Guadalcanal, Cartwheel begins with intense aerial bombardment and shelling. Then Marine and Army units assault the beaches.

09:13:30 This time the Japanese unleash heavy mortar, sniper and machine gun fire. As the US presses inland, Japanese resistance becomes even stronger.

09:13:59 Die Soldaten sind gut in, in einem Netzwerk von Pilleboxen, Caves und Untergrundbunkers. Die Amerikaner mussten in die Nähe, eine Aufgabe für Grenzen und Flamethräuers. Aber die Soldaten in den Samurai-Kode der Honour bleiben.

09:14:29 Rather than surrender, they mount suicide charges, shouting Banzai. As the combat continues, US troops face a new enemy.

09:15:01 The jungle terrain on the island is riddled with disease. Soldiers fall prey to dysentery, scrub typhus and worst of all, malaria. In fact, across the entire war in the Pacific, malaria claims more American casualties than the Japanese.

09:15:32 Aber insofern die wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne Wunderschöne

09:16:04 American casualties run into the tens of thousands. Staggeringly, more than 150,000 Japanese are killed. Operation Cartwheel has done its job.

09:16:32 Rabaul, mit seiner garrison von über 100,000 Männern, ist jetzt isoliert und wird keine weiteren Rolle spielen in der Krieg. Viertel resourcesen, including Öl aus den Dutch East Indien und Brüder aus New Guinea, sind in der Nähe des Mainlanden.

09:16:58 Im Gegensatz zu dem Westen, Admiral Chester Nimitz und die US-Fleet sind bereit, um die Japaner Kirche zu retten, auf eine zweite Front. Operation Galvanic versucht, die Japaner aus den Gilbert- und Marshall Islands zu bringen.

09:17:22 These outposts provide vital military support to Japan's supply routes in the Central Pacific. The campaign's first target? The island of Tarawa.

09:17:49 It starts with, by now, tried and tested tactics. A naval and air bombardment from the Fifth Fleet. Then, the 2nd Marine Division heads for the beaches. This time, America's lack of experience of amphibious warfare shows when the troops land at low tide.

09:18:20 They are forced to leave their landing crafts with water up to their waists and razor sharp coral reefs underfoot. Exposed to enemy fire, hundreds of marines are cut down by machine guns. Meanwhile, the bulk of Japan's 4,700 strong garrison is waiting inland.

09:18:50 Die Amerikaner sind mit den Amerikanern 7 zu 1. Jeder von ihnen ist bereit zu sterben für ihren König.

09:19:19 Their extreme dedication makes the next four days some of the fiercest and bloodiest battles in Marine Corps history. By the time the island of Tarawa is secure, 1700 American lives are lost. Out of the entire Japanese garrison, only 17 allow themselves to be captured alive.

09:19:57 Mit den Jepern nicht aufzuhalten, die Niemetz fortschreiten, die Niemetz weiterentwickelt werden. Nach Februar 22, er hat alle die wichtigsten Beispiele in den Gilbert- und Marshall-Illand. Die US-Niemetz haben sich jetzt auf den Niemetz auf den Jepern gezwungen, Mariana-Illand.

09:20:23 Admiral Chester Nimitz and his Naval Task Force launch Operation Forager. The first target, the Mariana Island of Saipan. 165,000 shells have fired Japan's defences.

09:20:58 Two days later, the amphibious landings begin. 8,000 Marines of the 2nd and 4th Divisions are ashore by early morning. The fighting follows a by now familiar pattern.

09:21:27 But this time, the Japanese have a surprise. They don't just have ground troops. They call up their navy. A huge carrier fleet, including five fleet carriers and four light carriers, advances into the Philippine Sea.

09:21:52 Welcome back. I do hope you all enjoyed that little clip from MagellanTV and how they put together some good stuff. If you want to see how that episode ends, though, you're going to have to go check them out. I think there's even a deal with them on our Captain's Club. So go get your Captain's Club deal. Go check out MagellanTV. They've got a lot of good stuff out there. But that's it for us tonight. We have covered a lot of information.

Dank an Sponsoren, Partner und Museen

09:22:19

09:22:19 Wir haben uns auch ein wunderbarer Zuschauer. Wir haben auch sehr gute Videos gehabt. Ich möchte einen Moment auf die Sponsors, und Partner, weil sie das alles möglich macht. Wir haben MagellanTV, die immer gut mit uns gemacht haben. War History Online, History Hit, und Naval Historia. Die vier Partner sind wirklich über das Leben und Maintaining History in eine Weise engagiert und spannend.

09:22:47 And then additionally, we've had so many museums come on from Western Approaches and Wilhelm Bauer, who are two submarines we've never been able to get on this before. We've announced Naval Museum Atlas was in kind of a gamified experience for global naval museums. Absolutely worth checking out. We've had the Intrepid here as well as Midway.

09:23:10 Two kind of peak aircraft carriers in their time period. And a lot of the first kind of like angled flight decks. We've had history hit. We had an AHA debate with Jon Snow where I kind of acted a little bit in bad faith and made it argue that the pigeon guided bomb was the best technological advancement of World War II. Skinner would probably agree. But I don't think history would.

09:23:36 Additionally, we had COD. We had Frog Fathers 2 with the boys from Force Blue. Please check out that non-profit as well. We had Independence Seaport Museum in Philadelphia with Bakuna and Olympia. Great to talk to Greg from that. So knowledgeable. Absolutely give them a visit. They've got a Guppy 1A, which is just such a cool refit and a protected cruiser. Really unique ships. Then USS Little Rock.

09:24:05 One of the first guided missile cruisers out there. Still the only full 6-inch gun turret as well. So you can go in there and check that out. The USS Salem, the only remaining Des Moines with auto-loading 203s, auto-loading 8-inch guns. And USS Wisconsin, one of my favorite museums. Special thanks to everybody this year. Always enormous work to put together. And I just...

09:24:29 I hate it and I love it. There's so much work that goes into these that is behind the scenes and you all don't see. So thank you for sticking around to the end. It's been incredible. I see some stuff in here about feedback and surveys and everything like that. And I think you're on the right track. So I'm going to take what everybody said here. We'll see if we can maybe do something.

09:24:54 ... ... ... ... ...

09:25:20 You could make AI argue almost anything and come up with some pretty funny results. So let us know what you liked, what you didn't like. And what can I say? Again, you've been great. This is five years of the longest night of museums with World of Warships. Here's to another five years and see you on the next one.